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Mattei C, Oevermann A, Schweizer D, Guevar J, Maddox TW, Fleming KL, Ricci E, Rosati M, Biserni R, Iv JFG, Rupp A, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Masseau I, Newkirk KM, Hecht S, Specchi S. MRI ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in arterial and venous territories characterize central nervous system intravascular lymphoma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:294-305. [PMID: 36329600 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is characterized by the proliferation of large malignant lymphocytes within the lumen of blood vessels. This retrospective, multi-center, case series study aimed to describe the MRI features of confirmed central nervous system IVL in dogs and compare them with histopathological findings. Medical record databases from seven veterinary centers were searched for cases of histologically confirmed IVL. Dogs were included if an MRI was performed. The MRI studies and histopathology samples were reviewed to compare the MRI changes with the histopathological findings. Twelve dogs met the inclusion criteria (12 brains and three spinal cords). Imaging of the brains revealed multifocal T2-weighted/FLAIR hyperintense and T1-weighted iso-hypointense lesions, with variable contrast enhancement; areas of abnormal diffusion both in arterial and venous territories in diffusion-weighted imaging; and meningeal enhancement. On gradient echo images (GRE), the changes comprised tubular susceptibility artifacts, consistent with the "susceptibility vessel sign", and additional variably sized/shaped intraparenchymal susceptibility artifacts. Spinal cord lesions presented as fusiform T2-weighted hyperintensities with scattered susceptibility artifacts on GRE and variable parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. On histopathology, subarachnoid hemorrhages and neuroparenchymal areas of edema and necrosis, with or without hemorrhage, indicating ischemic and hemorrhagic infarctions, were found. These lesions were concurrent with severely dilated meningeal and parenchymal arteries and veins plugged by neoplastic lymphocytes and fibrin. Due to the unique angiocentric distribution of IVL, ischemic and hemorrhagic infarcts of variable chronicity affecting both the arterial and venous territories associated with thrombi formation can be detected on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mattei
- Diagnostic Imaging Department (Mattei, Specchi) and Neurology Department (Biserni), Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (Oevermann), Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Schweizer), Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (Guevar), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schweizer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (Oevermann), Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Schweizer), Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (Guevar), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Guevar
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (Oevermann), Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Schweizer), Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences (Guevar), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences- Institute of Life Course and Medical Science- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences (Maddox), Department of Veterinary Science- School of Veterinary Science (Fleming), Department of Veterinary Anatomy- Physiology and Pathology- Institute of Infection- Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (Ricci), University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Kathryn L Fleming
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences- Institute of Life Course and Medical Science- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences (Maddox), Department of Veterinary Science- School of Veterinary Science (Fleming), Department of Veterinary Anatomy- Physiology and Pathology- Institute of Infection- Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (Ricci), University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Emanuele Ricci
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences- Institute of Life Course and Medical Science- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences (Maddox), Department of Veterinary Science- School of Veterinary Science (Fleming), Department of Veterinary Anatomy- Physiology and Pathology- Institute of Infection- Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (Ricci), University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberta Biserni
- Diagnostic Imaging Department (Mattei, Specchi) and Neurology Department (Biserni), Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - John F Griffin Iv
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angie Rupp
- Small Animal Hospital (Gutierrez-Quintana), Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation (Rupp), School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- Small Animal Hospital (Gutierrez-Quintana), Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation (Rupp), School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Newkirk
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk), Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hecht), University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (Newkirk), Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Hecht), University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Swan Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department (Mattei, Specchi) and Neurology Department (Biserni), Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi", Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy
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Fonti N, Parisi F, Aytaş Ç, Degl’Innocenti S, Cantile C. Neuropathology of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Lymphoma in Dogs and Cats: A Study of 92 Cases and Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:862. [PMID: 36899719 PMCID: PMC10000237 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature about nervous system lymphoma (NSL) in dogs and cats is fragmentary, based on a few case series and case reports with heterogeneous results. The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze 45 cases of canine and 47 cases of feline NSL and compare our results with previously reported data, also providing an extensive literature review. Breed, age, gender, clinical signs, type, and neurolocalization were recorded for each case. The pathological patterns and phenotype were assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The occurrence of central and peripheral NSL was similar between the two species in both primary and secondary types. NSL occurred with a slightly higher prevalence in Labrador Retrievers, and spinal cord lymphoma (SCL) was associated with young age in cats. The most frequent locations were the forebrain in dogs and the thoracolumbar segment in cats. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) in cats most frequently involved the forebrain meninges, particularly as a B-cell phenotype. Peripheral NSL mostly affected the sciatic nerve in dogs and had no preferred location in cats. Nine different pathological patterns were identified, with extradural as the most prevalent SCL pattern in both species. Finally, lymphomatosis cerebri was described for the first time in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Çağla Aytaş
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Degl’Innocenti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n. 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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