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Luker HA. A critical review of current laboratory methods used to evaluate mosquito repellents. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1320138. [PMID: 38469342 PMCID: PMC10926509 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1320138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes threaten human health around the globe. The use of effective mosquito repellents can protect individuals from contracting mosquito-borne diseases. Collecting evidence to confirm and quantify the effectiveness of a mosquito repellent is crucial and requires thorough standardized testing. There are multitudes of methods to test repellents that each have their own strengths and weaknesses. Determining which type of test to conduct can be challenging and the collection of currently used and standardized methods has changed over time. Some of these methods can be powerful to rapidly screen numerous putative repellent treatments. Other methods can test mosquito responses to specific treatments and measure either spatial or contact repellency. A subset of these methods uses live animals or human volunteers to test the repellency of treatments. Assays can greatly vary in their affordability and accessibility for researchers and/or may require additional methods to confirm results. Here I present a critical review that covers some of the most frequently used laboratory assays from the last two decades. I discuss the experimental designs and highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of method covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey A. Luker
- Molecular Vector Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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2
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Richoux GM, Yang L, Norris EJ, Linthicum KJ, Bloomquist JR. Structural Exploration of Novel Pyrethroid Esters and Amides for Repellent and Insecticidal Activity against Mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18285-18291. [PMID: 37916736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes is a worldwide problem that necessitates further research into the development of new repellents and insecticides. This study explored the modification of existing pyrethroid acids to identify structural motifs that might not be affected by kdr active site mutations that elicit pyrethroid resistance. Because synthetic pyrethroids almost always contain activity-dependent chiral centers, we chose to focus our efforts on exploring alkoxy moieties of esters obtained with 1R-trans-permethrinic and related acids, which we showed in previous studies to have repellent and/or repellent synergistic properties. To this end, compounds were synthesized and screened for spatially acting repellency and insecticidal activity against the susceptible, Orlando, and pyrethroid-resistant, Puerto Rico, strains of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Screening utilized a high-throughput benchtop glass tube assay, and the compounds screened included a mixture of branched, unbranched, aliphatic, halogenated, cyclic, non-cyclic, and heteroatom-containing esters. Structure-activity relationships indicate that n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl substituents exhibited the most promising repellent activity with minimal kdr cross resistance. Preliminary testing showed that these small alcohol esters can be synergistic with phenyl amides and pyrethroid acids. Further derivatization of pyrethroid acids offer an interesting route to future active compounds, and while mosquitoes were the focus of this work, pyrethroid acids and esters have potential for use in reducing pest populations and damage in cropping systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Richoux
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Liu Yang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Nararak J, Sanguanpong U, Sukkanon C, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Synergistic Repellent and Irritant Effects of a Mixture of β-Caryophyllene Oxide and Vetiver Oil against Mosquito Vectors. INSECTS 2023; 14:773. [PMID: 37754741 PMCID: PMC10532066 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Repellents play a major role in reducing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases by preventing mosquito bites. The present study evaluated the mosquito-repellent activity of β-caryophyllene oxide 1% (BCO), vetiver oil 2.5% (VO), and their binary mixtures (BCO + VO (1:1), BCO + VO (2:1), BCO + VO (1:2)) against four laboratory-colonized mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles minimus Theobald, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, using an excito-repellency assay system. In general, the compound mixtures produced a much stronger response in the mosquitoes than single compounds, regardless of the test conditions or species. The greatest synergetic effect was achieved with the combination of BCO + VO (1:2) in both contact and noncontact trials with An. minimus (74.07-78.18%) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (55.36-83.64%). Knockdown responses to the binary mixture of BCO + VO were observed for Ae. albopictus, An. minimus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, in the range of 18.18-33.33%. The synergistic repellent activity of BCO and VO used in this study may support increased opportunities to develop safer alternatives to synthetic repellents for personal protection against mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Unchalee Sanguanpong
- Association of Thai Innovation and Invention Promotion, Prachatipat 12130, Thailand;
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France;
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Klakankhai W, Sathantriphop S, Ngoenklan R, Dada N, Muenworn V, Khawniam T, Tainchum K. Chemical Profiles and Lethal Toxicities of Native Botanical Insecticides for the Control of Musca domestica Linnaeus and Stomoxys indicus Picard (Diptera: Muscidae) in Songkhla Province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:249-255. [PMID: 36545896 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Livestock farming is currently reducing the use of synthetic insecticides because of the development of resistance in insect pests. Plant-based bioinsecticides are considered alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, the present study investigated the chemical composition and discriminating concentrations (DCs) of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L. M. Perry (SA), Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm (CP), and Litsea cubeba (Loureiro) Persoon (LC) against laboratory-reared Musca domestica (larvae and adults) and field-derived Stomoxys indicus (adults) using larval dip and adult contact bioassays. All essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The most common components in the SA, CP, and LC oils were eugenol, safrole, and terpenoids, respectively. The results of a larval test indicated that CP was most effective against M. domestica with a DC of 6.134% v/v. In adult bioassays, CP was also the most toxic oil against M. domestica (DC = 30.644% v/v), whereas SA displayed the greatest toxicity against S. indicus (DC = 1.434% v/v). Moreover, in the larval bioassay results of oils tested at 1, 5, and 10% v/v in M. domestica, 1% and 5% v/v CP had the shortest median lethal times values of 68.88 and 19.44 min, respectively, whereas, at 10% v/v, SA displayed the shortest median lethal time (0.03 min), followed by CP (1.74 min) and LC (19.02 min). However, additional data are needed to further evaluate the semi-field and field effects of CP and SA on M. domestica and S. indicus under realistic operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warin Klakankhai
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Ngoenklan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nsa Dada
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Vithee Muenworn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Khawniam
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Krajana Tainchum
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Panthawong A, Nararak J, Jhaiaun P, Sukkanon C, Chareonviriyaphap T. Synergistic Behavioral Response Effect of Mixtures of Andrographis paniculata, Cananga odorata, and Vetiveria zizanioides against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 36835724 PMCID: PMC9966496 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Each binary mixture formulation of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (VZ) with Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) or Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (CO) and AP with CO at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratios (v:v) was investigated for behavioral responses on laboratory and field strains of Aedes aegypti. Irritant and repellent activities of each formulation were compared with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) using an excito-repellency test system. The result demonstrated that the mixture of VZ:AP in all combination ratios was the most effective in inducing an irritancy response against the laboratory strain (56.57-73.33%). The highest percentage of escaped mosquitoes exposed to the mixture at a 1:4 ratio (73.33%) was significantly different from DEET (26.67%) (p < 0.05). Against the field strain, the strongest escape response of AP:CO at a 1:1 ratio in the contact trial (70.18%) was significantly different compared with DEET (38.33%) (p < 0.05). There was a weak non-contact escape pattern in all combinations of VZ:CO against the laboratory strains (6.67-31.67%). These findings could lead to the further development of VZ and AP as active ingredients in a repellent that could advance to human use trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amonrat Panthawong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pairpailin Jhaiaun
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Abrantes DC, Rogerio CB, Campos EVR, Germano-Costa T, Vigato AA, Machado IP, Sepulveda AF, Lima R, de Araujo DR, Fraceto LF. Repellent active ingredients encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles: potential alternative formulations to control arboviruses. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:520. [PMID: 36496396 PMCID: PMC9741802 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, yellow fever, Chinkungunya, Zika virus, and West Nile fever have infected millions and killed a considerable number of humans since their emergence. These arboviruses are transmitted by mosquito bites and topical chemical repellents are the most commonly used method to protect against vector arthropod species. This study aimed to develop a new generation of repellent formulations to promote improved arboviruses transmission control. A repellent system based on polycaprolactone (PCL)-polymeric nanoparticles was developed for the dual encapsulation of IR3535 and geraniol and further incorporation into a thermosensitive hydrogel. The physicochemical and morphological parameters of the prepared formulations were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nano tracking analysis (NTA), atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro release mechanisms and permeation performance were evaluated before and after nanoparticles incorporation into the hydrogels. FTIR analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of formulation epidermal contact. Potential cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT reduction test and disc diffusion methods. The nanoparticle formulations were stable over 120 days with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60% and 99% for IR3535 and geraniol, respectively. AFM analysis revealed a spherical nanoparticle morphology. After 24 h, 7 ± 0.1% and 83 ± 2% of the GRL and IR3535, respectively, were released while the same formulation incorporated in poloxamer 407 hydrogel released 11 ± 0.9% and 29 ± 3% of the loaded GRL and IR3535, respectively. GRL permeation from PCL nanoparticles and PCL nanoparticles in the hydrogel showed similar profiles, while IR3535 permeation was modulated by formulation compositions. Differences in IR3535 permeated amounts were higher for PCL nanoparticles in the hydrogels (36.9 ± 1.1 mg/cm2) compared to the IR3535-PCL nanoparticles (29.2 ± 1.5 mg/cm2). However, both active permeation concentrations were low at 24 h, indicating that the formulations (PCL nanoparticles and PCL in hydrogel) controlled the bioactive percutaneous absorption. Minor changes in the stratum corneum (SC) caused by interaction with the formulations may not represent a consumer safety risk. The cytotoxicity results presented herein indicate the carrier systems based on poly-epsilon caprolactone (PCL) exhibited a reduced toxic effect when compared to emulsions, opening perspectives for these systems to be used as a tool to prolong protection times with lower active repellent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Carvalho Abrantes
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180 Brazil
| | - Carolina Barbara Rogerio
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180 Brazil
| | - Estefânia Vangelie Ramos Campos
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180 Brazil
| | - Tais Germano-Costa
- grid.442238.b0000 0001 1882 0259Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aryane Alves Vigato
- grid.412368.a0000 0004 0643 8839Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Ian Pompermeyer Machado
- grid.412368.a0000 0004 0643 8839Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira Sepulveda
- grid.412368.a0000 0004 0643 8839Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Renata Lima
- grid.442238.b0000 0001 1882 0259Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo
- grid.412368.a0000 0004 0643 8839Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSão Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180 Brazil
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Thum MD, Weise NK, Casalini R, Fulton AC, Purdy AP, Lundin JG. Incorporation of
N
,
N
,‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide within electrospun nylon‐6/6 nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Thum
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Nickolaus K. Weise
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Riccardo Casalini
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Ashley C. Fulton
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Andrew P. Purdy
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Lundin
- Chemistry Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington District of Columbia USA
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Boukraa N, Ladjel S, Benlamoudi W, Goudjil MB, Berrekbia M, Eddoud A. Insecticidal and repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba Asso, Juniperus phoenicea L and Rosmarinus officinalis L essential oils in synergized combinations against adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Eesiah S, Yu J, Dingha B, Amoah B, Mikiashvili N. Preliminary Assessment of Repellency and Toxicity of Essential Oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Organic Corn Grains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182907. [PMID: 36141033 PMCID: PMC9498902 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect infestation of cereal grains during post-harvest storage not only causes significant grain loss, but also reduces grain quality and makes grains more susceptible to mold infection. Synthetic pesticides are banned from being used in organic grain storage setting due to their high toxicity. The main insect damaging stored corn grains is maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The purpose of this study was to evaluate insect repellency and insecticidal potentials of some generally recognized as safe (GRAS) essential oils (EOs) (including cinnamon, clove, thyme, oregano, and orange terpene oils) at concentrations of 1–20% against the maize weevil using an olfactometer and a simulated fumigation method, respectively. The olfactory tests show that cinnamon oil had the highest repellency (90%) to the weevils among the EOs tested. The insecticidal activity study indicates that maize weevil mortality increased with EO concentration and storage time with cinnamon, clove, and thyme oils being more effective. No weevil death was observed at 1% EOs; weevil mortality was 3.3–36% at 5%, which varied with the type of EO and storage time. At 10% or higher concentrations, all tested EO showed comparable or higher insecticidal activity than pirimiphos methyl-positive control at its recommended concentration (5 mg/kg corn). No significant increase in weevil mortality was observed with further increase in EO concentration, with exceptions of oregano oil and thyme oil. The highest weevil mortality levels were observed at week 7 for 15% cinnamon oil (100%) and eugenol (100%), followed by 20% thyme oil (93%). The study indicates that some EOs have great potential to serve as synthetic insecticide alternatives to protect organic corn grains from maize weevil damage during storage. This is important to food security, safety and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawo Eesiah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Jianmei Yu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Dingha
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Barbara Amoah
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Nona Mikiashvili
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Tawab H, Mahran HA, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Baki AAS. Synergistic larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils of three Origanum species on Rhipicephalus annulatus tick. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 87:273-287. [PMID: 35933564 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are of great economic importance worldwide, both because they represent major obstacles to livestock productivity and because of their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. Although synthetic acaricides are the most common method for tick control, their overuse has led to the development of resistance as well as unacceptable residual levels in animal products and in the environment in general. There is therefore an urgent need to identify alternative treatments. Among such alternative approaches for tick control is plant essential oil (EO) therapy. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effect of EOs of three oregano species-Origanum onites, O. majorana and O. minutiflorum-against Rhipicephalus annulatus larvae. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles of the three EOs revealed that carvacrol was their major component, with a concentration of 86.2% in O. majorana, 79.1% in O. minutiflorum and 77.4% in O. onites. The results of larvicidal assays revealed that the doses that lead to the death of 50% of the ticks (LC50) were 22.99, 25.08 and 27.06 µL/mL for O. majorana, O. minutiflorum and O. onites EOs, respectively, whereas the doses that lead to the death of 99% (LC99) were 41.26, 43.62 and 48.96 µL/mL. In addition, the LC50 and LC99 of the three oils combined was lower (viz., 4.01 and 6.97 µL/mL) than that of each oil alone. The tested EOs were also able to repel larvae of R. annulatus to varying degrees, with O. onites oil exhibiting the greatest repellent effect, as shown by the lowest RC50 dose, followed by O. minutiflorum and O. majorana. Interestingly, this means that the oil that was least effective in killing the larvae was the most effective in repelling them. The calculated synergistic factor of any combination was higher than 1 which means that combinations have a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the combination of all three oils showed higher toxic and repellent activities than either oil separately or combinations of any two oils, suggesting synergistic effects with low doses. Further studies including field trials and the establishment of the mode of action and side effects are urgently needed to expand on these findings, and other tick stages such as adults should also be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Mahran
- Department of Hygiene, Management and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Dimitra Daferera
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Atalay Sokmen
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Boonyuan W, Ahebwa A, Nararak J, Sathantriphop S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Enhanced Excito-Repellency of Binary Mixtures of Plant-Based Mosquito Repellents Against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), a Night Biting Mosquito Species. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:891-902. [PMID: 35094070 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficacies of essential oils (EOs) of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. (Poales: Poaceae) (VZ EO), Cananga odorata (Lam) Hook. F. & Thomson (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) (CO EO), and crude extract (CE) of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall ex. Nees (Lamiales: Acanthaceae) (AP CE), against laboratory (lab) and field strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were investigated. Irritant and repellent activities of individual and binary mixtures of plant extracts were compared with N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) using an excito-repellency system. The irritant activity (direct tarsal contact), the mean percent escape response of VZ EO (91.67%, 83.33%), and CO EO (80%, 88.33%) were not significantly different compared with DEET (88.33%, 95%) against lab and field strains, respectively. Similarly, irritant responses in combinations (1:1 and 1:2, v:v) of either VZ EO or CO EO with AP CE were not significantly different from DEET against both strains (P > 0.001). The repellent activity (no tarsal contact), the mean percent escape response of VZ EO (68.33%), CO EO (61.67%), and VZ EO+AP CE (1:1, v:v) (81.67%) against lab strain and CO EO (85%) against field strain were not significantly different from that of DEET (P > 0.001). Interestingly, the greatest contact irritancy of VZ EO+AP CE (1:1, v:v) (96.67%) (P = 0.0026) and a stronger repellency response of CO EO (85%) (P = 0.0055) produced significantly different patterns of escape response compared with DEET against both lab and field strains, respectively. The EOs of VZ EO and CO EO or their mixture with AP CE showed potential as plant-based active ingredients for mosquito repellents. In addition, the major chemical constituents of VZ EO were β-vetivone (6.4%), khusimol (2.96%), and α-vetivone (2.94%) by gas chromatograpy-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Boonyuan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alex Ahebwa
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Sirisopa P, Sukkanon C, Bangs MJ, Nakasathien S, Hii J, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Scientific achievements and reflections after 20 years of vector biology and control research at the Pu Teuy mosquito field research station, Thailand. Malar J 2022; 21:44. [PMID: 35164748 PMCID: PMC8842738 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional vector control tools are needed to supplement current strategies to achieve malaria elimination and control of Aedes-borne diseases in many settings in Thailand and the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Within the next decade, the vector control community, Kasetsart University (KU), and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation must take full advantage of these tools that combine different active ingredients with different modes of action. Pu Teuy Mosquito Field Research Station (MFRS), Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand was established in 2001 and has grown into a leading facility for performing high-quality vector biology and control studies and evaluation of public health insecticides that are operationally relevant. Several onsite mosquito research platforms have been established including experimental huts, a 40-m long semi-field screening enclosure, mosquito insectary, field-laboratory, and living quarters for students and researchers. Field research and assessments ranged from 'basic' investigations on mosquito biology, taxonomy and genetics to more 'applied' studies on responses of mosquitoes to insecticides including repellency, behavioural avoidance and toxicity. In the course of two decades, 51 peer-reviewed articles have been published, and 7 masters and 16 doctoral degrees in Entomology have been awarded to national and international students. Continued support of key national stakeholders will sustain MFRS as a Greater Mekong Subregion centre of excellence and a resource for both insecticide trials and entomological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharawan Sirisopa
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Sutkhet Nakasathien
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Jeffrey Hii
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, North Queensland, QLD 4810 Australia
| | - John P. Grieco
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- grid.463853.f0000 0004 0384 4663HSM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IMT, Montpellier, France
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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13
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Cui G, Yuan H, He W, Deng Y, Sun R, Zhong G. Synergistic effects of botanical curcumin-induced programmed cell death on the management of Spodoptera litura Fabricius with avermectin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113097. [PMID: 34942422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides and adjuvants have caused many negative effects. Botanical compounds provide solutions for the development of environment friendly pesticides and the management of increasing pest resistance. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, showed synergistic effects on avermectin upon the destructive agricultural pest, Spodoptera litura. However, the botanical synergist and its relevant mechanisms remain unclear. In the article, curcumin significantly enhanced the growth inhibition and midgut structural damage of avermectin on the larvae of S. litura, and the synergistic effects were confirmed with pot experiments. There were only a few influences on the gene expression of avermectin targets, while apoptotic and autophagic related genes and proteins were accumulated in the avermectin/curcumin mixed regent (0.013/0.0013 μg/mL) treated group. Moreover, the potential mechanism was explored with an in vitro model, insect Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Morphology observation featured the damage on cells and Hoechst33258 staining revealed the fragments of DNA after treating with the avermectin/curcumin mixed regent (10/1 μg/mL). Dansylcadaverine and LysoTracker staining, as well as the gene expressions, supposed that curcumin exhibited autophagy inducing effects and the mixed regent possessed a higher ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy. All these results suggested that the synergistic effects of curcumin on the pest management of avermectin potentially mainly derived from the enhancement of programed cell death. It provides new sights for the application of natural compounds in integrated pest management and enriches examples of synergistic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cui
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Haiqi Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Develop Department, BrightMart CropScience, Foshan 528522, China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yukun Deng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ranran Sun
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guohua Zhong
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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SIVAMARUTHI BS, KESIKA P, CHAIYASUT C. The composition, pharmacological and economic importance of essential oil of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.35720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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de Souza MA, da Silva L, Dos Santos MAC, Macêdo MJF, Lacerda-Neto LJ, Coutinho HDM, de Oliveira LCC, Cunha FAB. Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4092-4111. [PMID: 32767924 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200806100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses, which compromise public health. In the search for synthetic product alternatives, essential oils (OEs) have been highlighted by many researchers as natural insecticides. This systematic review (SR) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and its objective was to evaluate studies addressing OEs with larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti, through electronic database searches (Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo), covering an overview of the plant sources OEs, which plant parts were used, the extraction methods, analytical techniques, major and/or secondary constituents with greater percentages, as well as the LC50s responsible for larval mortality. Following study analysis, plants distributed across 32 families, 90 genera and 175 species were identified. The Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Asteraceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae families obtained the highest number of species with toxic properties against larvae from this vector. Practically all plant parts were found to be used for OE extraction. Hydrodistillation and steam distillation were the main extraction methods identified, with GC-MS/GC-FID representing the main analytical techniques used to reveal their chemical composition, especially of terpene compounds. In this context, OEs are promising alternatives for the investigation of natural, ecologically correct and biodegradable insecticides with the potential to be used in Ae. aegypti control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael A de Souza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Maria A C Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Márcia J F Macêdo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Luiz J Lacerda-Neto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Lígia C C de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Francisco A B Cunha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
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16
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Yang L, Richoux GM, Norris EJ, Cuba I, Jiang S, Coquerel Q, Demares F, Linthicum KJ, Bloomquist JR. Pyrethroid-Derived Acids and Alcohols: Bioactivity and Synergistic Effects on Mosquito Repellency and Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3061-3070. [PMID: 32059103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are one of the most commonly used classes of insecticides, and their acid and alcohol components are esterase degradation products, usually considered to be biologically inactive. In this study, it was found that several pyrethroid acids had a spatial repellent activity that was greater than DEET, often more active than the parent pyrethroids, and showed little cross resistance in a pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Further investigation revealed that the acids can synergize not only contact repellent standards but also other pyrethroid components as well as the parent pyrethroids themselves. Synergism by the pyrethroid acids is expressed as both increased spatial repellency and vapor toxicity as well as human bite protection. Electrophysiological studies confirmed that pyrethroid acids (100 μM) had no effect on neuronal discharge in larval Drosophila melanogaster CNS and were detected by electroantennography, and there was little resistance to olfactory sensing of these acids in antennae from Puerto Rico strain mosquitoes carrying kdr mutations. Thus, the data suggest that the pyrethroid acids have a different mode of action than the parent pyrethroids, unrelated to the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. The results highlight the potential of pyrethroid acids to be useful in future repellent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Gary M Richoux
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Ingeborg Cuba
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Shiyao Jiang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Quentin Coquerel
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Fabien Demares
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Amylose Inclusion Complexes as Emulsifiers for Garlic and Asafoetida Essential Oils for Mosquito Control. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100337. [PMID: 31614606 PMCID: PMC6835272 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the insecticidal properties of some plant essential oils are well-documented, their use in integrated pest and vector management is complicated by their high volatility, low thermal stability, high sensitivity to oxidation, and low solubility in water. We investigated the use of bio-based N-1-hexadecylammonium chloride and sodium palmitate amylose inclusion complexes as emulsifiers for two essential oils, garlic and asafoetida, known to be highly toxic to mosquito larvae. Four emulsions of each essential oil based on amylose hexadecylammonium chloride and amylose sodium palmitate inclusion complexes were evaluated for their toxicity against Aedes aegypti L. larvae relative to bulk essential oils. All emulsions were significantly more toxic than the bulk essential oil with the lethal dosage ratios ranging from 1.09-1.30 relative to bulk essential oil. Droplet numbers ranged from 1.11 × 109 to 9.55 × 109 per mL and did not change significantly after a 6-month storage period. These findings demonstrated that amylose inclusion complexes enhanced the toxicity of essential oils and could be used to develop new essential oil based larvicides for use in integrated vector management.
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18
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Lee MY. Essential Oils as Repellents against Arthropods. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6860271. [PMID: 30386794 PMCID: PMC6189689 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6860271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective and safe repellents against arthropods is very important, because there are no effective vaccines against arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and parasites. Arboviruses and parasites are transmitted to humans from arthropods, and mosquitoes are the most common arthropods associated with dengue, malaria, and yellow fever. Enormous efforts have been made to develop effective repellents against arthropods, and thus far synthetic repellents have been widely used. However, the use of synthetic repellents has raised several concerns in terms of environmental and human health risks and safety. Thus, plant essential oils (EOs) have been widely used as an alternative to synthetic repellents. In this review, we briefly introduce and summarize recent studies that have investigated EOs as insect repellents. Current technology and research trends to develop effective and safe repellents from plant EOs are also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang–ro, Asan, Chungnam 31537, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sarker S, Lim UT. Extract of Nicotiana tabacum as a potential control agent of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198302. [PMID: 30138428 PMCID: PMC6107112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but demand for more environmentally-friendly means of controlling pests is increasing. At least 91 plant extracts have been reported to be effective against other lepidopterans, but their acute toxicity against G. molesta has rarely been studied. Among these 91 materials, we assessed the residual toxicity of 32 extracts against first instar larvae (< 5 h old) of G. molesta in the laboratory. Nicotiana tabacum L., used at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, showed the highest corrected mortality (92.0%) with a lethal time (LT50) value of 12.9 h. The extract was followed in its efficacy by Allium sativum L. (88.0%), Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) De Candolle (70.0%), and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertner (65.0%), when mortality was assessed at 20 h after exposure. Against adult fruit moths (< 5 d old), N. tabacum also showed the highest corrected mortality among tested extracts, being 85 and 100% in adult females and males, respectively, at 168 h after exposure. However, there was no synergistic effect of the combined application of any of the top four extracts in either laboratory or greenhouse assays. Oviposition by G. molesta on peach twigs was reduced 85-90% when N. tabacum was applied at 4 ml/ twig compared to control (methanol), demonstrating that N. tabacum may have potential for use as a botanical insecticide against G. molesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvic Sarker
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Taek Lim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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20
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Haynes KF, Brown GC. Quantitative Analysis of Aedes albopictus Movement Behavior Following Sublethal Exposure To Prallethrin. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2017; 33:282-292. [PMID: 29369017 DOI: 10.2987/17-6673.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid prallethrin, an AI in DUET™ (Clarke Mosquito Control, St. Charles, IL), is widely marketed ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito adulticide. Volatilized prallethrin is intended to stimulate mosquito flight, increasing its adulticide effectiveness. However, field tests using volatilized prallethrin have not produced significant differences in mosquito trap catches, leading to questions regarding prallethrin's behavioral impact efficacy. Thus, we conducted laboratory tests of prallethrin's effect on flight behavior of adult female Asian tiger mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus. Mosquitoes were divided into 3 groups: untreated control, exposed to volatilized prallethrin, and exposed to a liquid spray calibrated to simulate a ULV application at label rates. After exposure, mosquito behavior in an airstream of 0.5 m/sec was recorded and analyzed using motion-tracking software. No significant differences in flight behavior were found between the control and treated mosquitoes exposed to volatilized prallethrin. The ULV-sprayed mosquitoes exhibited a significant increase in the number of flight events, the turning frequency, overall movement speed, and flight speed compared to the control-a significant difference in locomotor stimulation response that would increase exposure to a ULV spray cloud. However, our results showed that volatilization alone was insufficient to increase ULV efficacy in the field and suggested that incorporating a more volatile flight stimulant into ULV adulticides would provide a measurable improvement in mosquito control.
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Muturi EJ, Ramirez JL, Doll KM, Bowman MJ. Combined Toxicity of Three Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1684-1691. [PMID: 29029151 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides because they have low mammalian toxicity, degrade rapidly in the environment, and possess complex mixtures of bioactive constituents with multi-modal activity against the target insect populations. Twenty-one essential oils were initially screened for their toxicity against Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae and three out of the seven most toxic essential oils (Manuka, oregano, and clove bud essential oils) were examined for their chemical composition and combined toxicity against Ae. aegypti larvae. Manuka essential oil interacted synergistically with oregano essential oil and antagonistically with clove bud essential oil. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 components in Manuka essential oil and three components each in oregano and clove bud essential oils. Eugenol (84.9%) and eugenol acetate (9.6%) were the principal constituents in clove bud essential oil while carvacrol (75.8%) and m-isopropyltoluene (15.5%) were the major constituents in oregano essential oil. The major constituents in Manuka essential oil were calamenene (20%) and 3-dodecyl-furandione (11.4%). Manuka essential oil interacted synergistically with eugenol acetate and antagonistically with eugenol, suggesting that eugenol was a major contributor to the antagonistic interaction between Manuka and clove bud essential oils. In addition, Manuka interacted synergistically with carvacrol suggesting its contribution to the synergistic interaction between Manuka and oregano essential oils. These findings provide novel insights that can be used to develop new and safer alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus J Muturi
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St. Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Jose L Ramirez
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St. Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Kenneth M Doll
- Bio-Oils Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St. Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St. Peoria, IL 61604
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Desgrouas C, Nararak J, Tisgratog R, Mahiou-Leddet V, Bory S, Ollivier E, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T. Comparative Excito-Repellency of Three Cambodian Plant-Derived Extracts Against Two Mosquito Vector Species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles minimus. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2016; 32:185-193. [PMID: 27802401 DOI: 10.2987/16-6566.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study of the behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles minimus to 3 Cambodian plant extracts at 3 different concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) was performed using an excito-repellency test system. These 3 plants were Strophanthus scandens, Capparis micracantha, and Dioscorea hispida, selected according to traditional healer's knowledge, bibliographic studies and market surveys. Results showed that S. scandens leaves' hexane extract was the only one to exert repellency against Ae. aegypti with 23.3% of escaped mosquitoes at a concentration of 5%. Capparis micracantha was responsible for an irritant activity against An. minimus with 20.2% of escaped mosquitoes at a concentration of 2.5% and 22.8% escaping at a concentration of 5%. Dioscorea hispida showed an irritant activity on both mosquito species with 23.2% of escaped Ae. aegypti at a concentration of 5% and about 20% of escaped An. minimus at 2.5% and 5%. This is the first report on the irritant and repellent activities of S. scandens , D. hispida , and C. micracantha against mosquito species.
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Wang YS, Wen ZQ, Li BT, Zhang HB, Yang JH. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Litsea: An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:66-107. [PMID: 26812679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Litsea is one of the most diverse genera of evergreen trees or shrubs belong to Lauraceae, and comprises roughly 400 species of tree that are distributed abundantly throughout tropical and subtropical Asia, North and South America. Litsea species have been used globally in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including influenza, stomach aches, diarrhea, diabetes, vomiting, bone pain, inflammation, illness related to the central nervous system and other ailments. The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological research of Litsea species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the available information on Litsea species was actualised by systematically searching the scientific literatures including Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Indian, and South American herbal classics, library catalogs and scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, VIP and Wanfang). The Plant List, International Plant Name index and Scientific Database of China Plant Species were used to validate scientific names. RESULTS 407 secondary metabolites have been reported from Litsea species. Litsea Species are sources of secondary metabolites with interesting chemical structures (alkaloids, lactones, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, lignans, and essential oils) and significant bioactivities. Crude extracts, fractions and phytochemical constituents isolated from Litsea show a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, insecticidal, etc. CONCLUSIONS From data collected in this review, the genus Litsea comprises a wide range of therapeutically promising and valuable plants, and has attracted much attention owing to its multiple functions. Many traditional uses of Litsea species have now been validated by modern pharmacology research. Deep and systematic phytochemical investigation of the genus Litsea and the pharmacological properties, especially its mechanism of action and toxicology, to illustrate its ethnomedicinal use, explore the therapeutic potential and support further health-care product development will undoubtedly be the focus of further research. Therefore, detailed and extensive studies and clinical evaluation of Litsea species should be carried out in future for the safety approval of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Zheng-Qi Wen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Bi-Tao Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Nararak J, Sathantriphop S, Chauhan K, Tantakom S, Eiden AL, Chareonviriyaphap T. Avoidance Behavior to Essential Oils by Anopheles minimus, a Malaria Vector in Thailand. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2016; 32:34-43. [PMID: 27105214 DOI: 10.2987/moco-32-01-34-43.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from 4 different plant species--citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), hairy basil (Ocimum americanum), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)-were investigated for their irritant and repellent activities against Anopheles minimus, using an excito-repellency test system. Pure essential oils were used in absolute ethanol at the concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% (v/v) compared with deet. At the lowest concentration of 0.5%, hairy basil displayed the best irritant and repellent effects against An. minimus. Citronella and vetiver at 1-5% showed strong irritant effects with>80% escape, while repellent effects of both oils were observed at 1% and 2.5% citronella (73-89% escape) and at 5% vetiver (83.9% escape). Sweet basil had only moderate irritant action at 5% concentration (69.6% escape) and slightly repellent on test mosquitoes (<50% escape). The results found that hairy basil, citronella, and vetiver are promising potential mosquito repellent products for protection against An. minimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirod Nararak
- 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- 2 National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Kamal Chauhan
- 3 Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Plant Science Institute, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Siripun Tantakom
- 4 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Nakhonpathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Amanda L Eiden
- 5 International Programs Tropical Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
- 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- 6 To whom correspondence should be addressed
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Chauhan N, Malik A, Sharma S, Dhiman RC. Larvicidal potential of essential oils against Musca domestica and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2223-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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