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Ruiz de Alejos Blanco L, Brust K, Szladovits B, Drees R. Computed tomographic findings in canine and feline heart base tumors (25 cases). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:477-485. [PMID: 38706413 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors located at the heart base are rare in dogs and cats and aortic body tumors (chemodectoma/paraganglioma), hemangiosarcoma, ectopic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma, and other uncommon neoplasia can be found at that location. The objective of this retrospective case series was to describe the CT characteristics of canine and feline heart base tumors. CT studies of 21 dogs and four cats with histologically or cytologically confirmed heart base tumors were reviewed for size, location, shape, margination, contrast enhancement, adjacent neovascularization, invasion, mass effect, cavitary effusions, and metastasis. Neuroendocrine tumors (15 aortic body tumors, three ectopic thyroid carcinoma, and three nonspecific neuroendocrine) were more commonly observed than hemangiosarcoma (4) and were frequently located between the cranial vena cava and aortic arch (12/21; 57%) and or dorsal to the pulmonary trunk bifurcation/pulmonary arteries (10/21; 48%). Hemangiosarcoma was more commonly found cranioventral to the aortic arch and cranial to the right auricular appendage (3/4; 75%). Mediastinal and peritumoral neovascularization was associated with 16/21 (76%) neuroendocrine tumors but none of the hemangiosarcoma. Median postcontrast attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) was higher in neuroendocrine (110 HU) than in hemangiosarcoma (51 HU). Pericardial effusion was frequently observed with hemangiosarcoma (3/4; 75%) and infrequently in neuroendocrine (3/21; 14%). In four cases (all neuroendocrine), concurrent cranial mediastinal masses were present. CT provides useful information regarding the characteristics of heart base tumors, indicating differences between the appearance of neuroendocrine tumors and hemangiosarcoma. However, no differences were found between aortic body tumors and ectopic thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz de Alejos Blanco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kelsey Brust
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Balázs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
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2
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Linney C. Diagnosing and treating pericardial disease in dogs and cats. IN PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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McAlexander HW, Hecht S, Auger M. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:839-842. [PMID: 33825527 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.8.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Obstructive right ventricular outflow tract myxosarcoma in an adult dog. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 29:47-53. [PMID: 32464578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female spayed German Shepherd cross was presented for acute onset of respiratory distress. Four days before presentation, the owner noticed a reduced appetite and reluctance to move. Clinical examination identified muffled lung sounds and a left base, diamond-shaped systolic murmur graded 4/6. Echocardiography identified pleural and pericardial effusion, ascites and a myxoid mass (39 mm/18.9 mm) obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract and interfering with the pulmonary valve function. Given the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanatised, and a postmortem examination was performed. Grossly, a mass with a heterogeneous appearance was identified below the pulmonary valve leaflets. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of intracardiac myxosarcoma affecting the subvalvular region of the pulmonary artery was made. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of right ventricle out flow tract myxosarcoma in the canine species.
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Briola C, Zoia A, Rocchi P, Caldin M, Bertolini G. Computed tomography attenuation value for the characterization of pleural effusions in dogs: A cross-sectional study in 58 dogs. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:357-365. [PMID: 31063900 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CT attenuation value can help to differentiate exudate from transudate in people. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the utility of CT in characterizing pleural effusions based on attenuation values in a population of dogs having CT and diagnostic thoracentesis within 48 h of each other. The CT attenuation values were determined using four circular, same size, regions of interest (ROIs) placed on the same CT slice with the greatest quantity of fluid. Values of each ROI were recorded and the mean of the four ROIs mean values (mean of the means) was calculated and considered as the CT attenuation value of that patient. The final population included 23 proper inflammatory exudates, 15 chylous effusions, 12 hemorrhagic effusions and 8 transudates. The median of 'mean of the means' values were: exudate 19.22 HU (8.23 to 37.66 HU); chylous effusion 10.26 HU (-0.90 to 15.37); hemorrhagic effusion 31.65 HU (18.10 to 54.97), and transudate 11.20 HU, (-2.52 to 16.59). CT accurately differentiated hemorrhagic from chylous effusion (AUC 1.0, P < 0.0001) and hemorrhagic effusion from transudate (AUC 1.0, P < 0.0001); CT-values allowed good accuracy in distinguishing exudates from transudates [AUC 0.87 (95%, CI: 0.74-1.0; P < 0.0001)]. HU attenuation values did not accurately differentiate between transudates and chylous effusion. A cutoff value of 34.68 HU (sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 95%) discriminated between exudates and hemorrhagic effusions. CT-value <12.15 HU had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 78% for identify transudate or chylous effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Briola
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell'Industria 3, 35030, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Zoia
- Internal Medicine Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell'Industria 3, 35030, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Rocchi
- Emergency and Critical Care Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell'Industria 3, 35030, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- Clinical Pathology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell'Industria 3, 35030, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bertolini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell'Industria 3, 35030, Veggiano, Padova, Italy.
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Kang MH, Sur JH, Park HM. Pericardial effusion in a dog concurrent with carcinoma of unknown primary origin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2019; 20:225-228. [PMID: 31656531 PMCID: PMC6811713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial effusion (PE) due to secondary metastasis has rarely been reported in dogs. CASE DESCRIPTION This case describes clinical signs and further diagnostics regarding metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) in refractory PE of a dog. FINDINGS/TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A nine-year-old, castrated male Shih Tzu dog was referred for evaluation of cough and dyspnea. On presentation, tachypnea, intermittent cough, and muffled heart sounds were noted. Thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography confirmed a PE. No mass lesion was detected at the heart base, aorta, or right atrium (RA). Analysis of the PE showed hemorrhagic cytology, and an idiopathic hemorrhagic PE was tentatively diagnosed. The dog responded to conservative treatment with steroid and diuretics, but the clinical sign recurred. Further evaluation with multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) was non-diagnostic. The dog died 457 days after initial presentation. Necropsy and histopathology revealed metastatic CUP origin. CONCLUSION This case illustrated a rare cause of recurrent PE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Kang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - J. H. Sur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - H. M. Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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Carvajal JL, Case JB, Mayhew PD, Runge J, Singh A, Townsend S, Monnet E. Outcome in dogs with presumptive idiopathic pericardial effusion after thoracoscopic pericardectomy and pericardioscopy. Vet Surg 2018; 48:O105-O111. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Carvajal
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida
| | - J. Brad Case
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida
| | - Philipp D. Mayhew
- University of California Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Davis California
| | - Jeffrey Runge
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ameet Singh
- University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Sarah Townsend
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida
| | - Eric Monnet
- Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Fort Collins Colorado
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Vititoe KP, Fries RC, Joslyn S, Selmic LE, Howes M, Vitt JP, O'Brien RT. Detection of intra-cardiac thrombi and congestive heart failure in cats using computed tomographic angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:412-422. [PMID: 29659090 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial thromboembolism is a life-threatening condition in cats most commonly secondary to cardiac disease. Echocardiography is the reference standard to evaluate for presence of a thrombus. In humans, computed tomographic (CT) angiography is becoming widely used to detect left atrial thrombi precluding the use of sedation. The purpose of this prospective, controlled, methods comparison pilot study was threefold: (1) describe new CT angiography protocol used in awake cats with cardiac disease and congestive heart failure; (2) determine accuracy of continuous and dynamic acquisition CT angiography to identify and characterize cardiac thrombi from spontaneous echocardiographic contrast using transthoracic echocardiography as our reference standard; (3) identify known negative prognostic factors and comorbidities of the thorax that CT angiography may provide that complement or supersede echocardiographic examination. Fourteen cats with heart disease were recruited; 7 with thrombi and 7 with spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. Echocardiography and awake CT angiography were performed using a microdose of contrast. Six of 7 thrombi were identified on CT angiography as filling defects by at least one reviewer within the left auricle (n = 6) and right heart (n = 1). Highest sensitivity (71.4%) was in continuous phase and highest specificity (85.7%) was in dynamic studies with fair to moderate interobserver agreement (0.38 and 0.44). CT angiography identified prognostic cardiac information (left atrial enlargement, congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism) and comorbidities (suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma). This study indicates CT angiography can readily identify cardiac thrombi, important prognostic information and comorbidities, and can be safely performed in cats with cardiac disease and congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Vititoe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Ryan C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephen Joslyn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Mark Howes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Jordan P Vitt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Robert T O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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9
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Tabar MD, Movilla R, Serrano L, Altet L, Francino O, Roura X. PCR evaluation of selected vector-borne pathogens in dogs with pericardial effusion. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:248-252. [PMID: 29355984 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate evidence for selected vector-borne pathogen infections in dogs with pericardial effusion living in a Mediterranean area in which several canine vector-borne diseases are endemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived EDTA blood (n=68) and pericardial fluid samples (n=58) from dogs with pericardial effusion (n=68) were included. Dogs without pericardial effusion examined for other reasons were included as controls (n=60). Pericardial effusion was classified as neoplastic in 40 dogs, idiopathic in 23 dogs and of unknown aetiology in 5 dogs. Real-time PCR was performed for Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia species, Rickettsia species and Bartonella species, and sequencing of PCR products from positive samples was used to confirm species specificity. RESULTS Vector-borne pathogens were found in 18 dogs: 16 of 68 dogs with pericardial effusion (23·5%) and two of 60 control dogs (3·3%). Positive dogs demonstrated DNA of Leishmania infantum (n=7), Anaplasma platys (n=2, one dog coinfected with Leishmania infantum), Babesia canis (n=5), Babesia gibsoni (n=3) and Hepatozoon canis (n=2). Vector-borne pathogens were more commonly detected among dogs with pericardial effusion than controls (P=0·001). There was no relationship between aetiology of the pericardial effusion and evidence of vector-borne pathogens (P=0·932). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vector-borne pathogens are often detected in dogs with pericardial effusion and require further investigation, especially in dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion. PCR can provide additional information about the potential role of vector-borne pathogens in dogs with pericardial effusion living in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-D Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, Alicante, 03540, Spain
| | - R Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - L Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Parc de recerca UAB, Edifici Eureka, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - L Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de recerca UAB, Edifici Eureka, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - O Francino
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Treggiari E, Pedro B, Dukes-McEwan J, Gelzer AR, Blackwood L. A descriptive review of cardiac tumours in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:273-288. [PMID: 26420436 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tumours are uncommon in the canine and feline population and often an incidental finding. Common types include haemangiosarcoma (HSA), aortic body tumours (chemodectoma and paraganglioma) and lymphoma. These neoplasms can cause mild to severe, life-threatening clinical signs that are independent of the histological type and may be related to altered cardiovascular function or local haemorrhage/effusion into the pericardial space. Cardiac tumours may require symptomatic treatment aimed at controlling tumour bleeding and potential arrhythmias, and other signs caused by the mass effect. Additional treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For all medical therapies, complete remission is unlikely and medical management, beyond adjunctive chemotherapy in HSA, requires further investigation but combination chemotherapy is recommended for lymphoma. The aim of this report is to summarize and critically appraise the current literature in a descriptive review. However, interpretation is limited by the lack of definitive diagnosis and retrospective nature of most studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - B Pedro
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - J Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - A R Gelzer
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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