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Howard CM, Anderson S, Harrington B. Characterization of CD3+/CD20+ canine large-cell lymphoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:86-94. [PMID: 37837199 PMCID: PMC10734595 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231204873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunophenotyping of canine large-cell lymphoma (LCL) for B-cell and T-cell surface antigens is commonly performed to better predict the clinical outcome. Expression of surface antigen CD3 is associated with T-cell malignancies; surface antigen CD20 is expressed on B cells. However, a small subset of canine LCLs expresses both CD3 and CD20 (CD3+/CD20+); this form of lymphoma remains poorly defined at the molecular level. In a retrospective study, we aimed to better characterize immunophenotypic properties and antigen receptor clonality of CD3+/CD20+ LCL. We selected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 10 cases of CD3+/CD20+ LCL and breed-matched controls of peripheral large T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR), we identified monoclonal T-cell receptor gamma (TCRγ) rearrangements in all CD3+/CD20+ cases. Three of 10 cases had monoclonal rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH), supportive of cross-lineage rearrangement. There was no significant difference in the frequency of antigen receptor rearrangement between CD3+/CD20+ and PTCL cases. In comparison with DLBCL, CD3+/CD20+ LCL had TCRγ rearrangement more frequently and IgH rearrangement less frequently, respectively. Immunolabeling of the B-cell marker PAX5 occurred less frequently in all CD3+/CD20+ LCL cases compared to the DLBCL controls. Immunolabeling for BCL-2 was robust, regardless of immunophenotype. Nuclear Ki67 positivity was variable in CD3+/CD20+ cases, indicating a heterogeneity in proliferation. Overall, cases of canine CD3+/CD20+ LCL had properties similar to PTCL, suggesting a similar histogenesis of these 2 subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Howard
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Steffanie Anderson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
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Jegatheeson S, Cannon C, Mansfield C, Devlin J, Roberts A. Sensitivity of canine hematological cancers to BH3 mimetics. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 37:236-246. [PMID: 36433867 PMCID: PMC9889650 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) proteins by small molecule Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics causes rapid induction of apoptosis of human hematological cancers in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVES Assess in vitro sensitivity of non-neoplastic lymphocytes and primary hematological cancer cells from dogs to venetoclax (VEN) or the dual BCL2/ B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (BCLxL) inhibitor, navitoclax (NAV), and evaluate the association between BCL2 protein expression and VEN sensitivity. ANIMALS Nine client-owned dogs without cancer and 18 client-owned dogs with hematological cancer. METHODS Prospective, nonrandomized noncontrolled study. Lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, lymph node, or bone marrow from dogs were incubated with BH3 mimetics for 24 hours. Viable cells were counted using flow cytometry and half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) was calculated. BCL2 protein from whole cell lysates was assessed via immunoblots. RESULTS Nodal B and T lymphocytes were more sensitive to VEN than circulating lymphocytes (P = .02). Neoplastic T lymphocytes were sensitive to VEN (mean EC50 ± SD = 0.023 ± 0.018 μM), whereas most non-indolent B cell cancers were resistant to killing by VEN (mean EC50 ± SD = 288 ± 700 μM). Unclassified leukemias showed variable sensitivity to VEN (mean EC50 ± SD = 0.49 ± 0.66 μM). Detection of BCL2 protein was not associated with VEN sensitivity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Neoplastic canine T lymphocytes are sensitive to VEN in vitro. Quantification of BCL2 protein alone is insufficient to predict sensitivity to VEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Jegatheeson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVictoriaAustralia,Blood Cells and Blood Cancer DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Claire Cannon
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVictoriaAustralia,Present address:
Veterinary Referral HospitalDandenongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joanne Devlin
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew Roberts
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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MESCİ S, YAZGAN B, GÜL M, YILDIRIM T. Effects of Sulfur Containing Glycine Imine Derivatives Compounds on Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) and Apoptosis Mechanism in MCF-7 and DLD-1 Cell Lines. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Riondato F, Comazzi S. Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:600986. [PMID: 33869314 PMCID: PMC8044988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.600986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma (BCL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies which comprise the majority of canine lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma subtype in dogs but other subtypes (e.g., marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and others) have been described. This review aims to explore the use of flow cytometry to refine the diagnosis of canine BCL. Particular emphasis will be given to the possible identification of peculiar immunotypes, putative prognostic markers, staging and minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Variation of apoptotic and proliferative activity among lymphoma subtypes in dogs: A flow cytometric study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:324-328. [PMID: 33779558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth depends on both proliferative and apoptotic rate of neoplastic cells. High proliferation index is a well-known negative prognostic factor in canine lymphomas, whereas little is known about apoptotic activity. We describe proliferative and apoptotic rates in different canine lymphoma subtypes at diagnosis. Flow cytometry (FC) was used to assess the percentage of proliferating cells (Ki67%) and of apoptotic cells (AnnV%) in 128 lymph node (LN) aspirates from dogs with lymphoma. Proliferation/apoptosis ratio (PAR) and turnover index (TI; Ki67% + AnnV%) were then calculated for each case. High-grade B-cell lymphomas showed high values for both Ki67% and AnnV%, low-grade B-cell lymphomas showed low Ki67% and high AnnV%, high-grade T-cell lymphomas showed high Ki67% and low AnnV%, and low-grade T-cell lymphomas showed low levels of both parameters. Lymphoblastic lymphomas had the highest PAR values. High-grade B-cell lymphomas had the highest TI values while small clear cells lymphomas the lowest. The panorama of proliferative and apoptotic activity widely varies among lymphoma subtypes. Our results lay the ground for future clinical and pharmacological studies.
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Meichner K, Stokol T, Tarigo J, Avery A, Burkhard MJ, Comazzi S, Fogle J, Stowe DM, Rütgen B, Seelig D, Wasserkrug-Naor A, Vernau W, Bienzle D. Multicenter flow cytometry proficiency testing of canine blood and lymph node samples. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:249-257. [PMID: 32246538 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry (FC) is used increasingly in veterinary medicine for further characterization of hematolymphoid cells. Guidelines for optimizing assay performance and interpretation of results are limited, and concordance of results across laboratories is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine inter-investigator agreement on the interpretation of FC results from split samples analyzed in different laboratories using various protocols, cytometers, and software; and on the interpretation of archived FC standard (FCS) data files contributed by the different investigators. METHODS This was a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. Anticoagulated blood or lymph node aspirate samples from nine client-owned dogs were aliquoted and shipped to participating laboratories. Samples were analyzed with individual laboratory-developed protocols. In addition, FCS files from a set of separate samples from 11 client-owned dogs were analyzed by participating investigators. A person not associated with the study tabulated the results and interpretations. Agreement of interpretations was assessed with Fleiss' kappa statistic. RESULTS Prolonged transit times affected sample quality for some laboratories. Overall agreement among investigators regarding the FC sample interpretation was strong (κ = 0.86 ± 0.19, P < .001), and for specific categories, ranged from moderate to perfect. Agreement of the lymphoproliferation or other leukocyte sample category from the analysis of the FCS files was weak (κ = 0.58 ± 0.05, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Lymphoproliferations were readily identified by FC, but identification of the categories of hematolymphoid neoplasia in fresh samples or archived files was variable. There is a need for a more standardized approach to maximize the enormous potential of FC in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, University of Colorado, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mary J Burkhard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fogle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Devorah Marks Stowe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Adi Wasserkrug-Naor
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Blake RR, Markby GR, Culshaw GJ, Martinez-Pereira Y, Lu CC, Corcoran BM. Survival of activated myofibroblasts in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease and the role of apoptosis. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:99-106. [PMID: 31765842 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the single most important acquired cardiovascular disease of the dog. Much is known about the cellular changes and the contribution of activated myofibroblasts (valve interstitial cells (aVICs) to the valve extra-cellular matrix remodelling characteristic of the disease. However, little is known on how aVIC survival might contribute to disease pathogenesis. This study examined the temporal (disease severity-dependent) and spatial distribution of aVICs in MMVD valves, the expression of a range of apoptosis-related genes in cultured VICs from both normal (quiescent VIC (qVIC) and diseased (aVIC) valves, and the differential effects of doxorubicin treatment, as a trigger of apoptosis, on expression of the same genes. Activated myofibroblasts were identified in normal valves at the valve base only (the area closest to the annulus), and then became more numerous and apparent along the valve length as the disease progressed, with evidence of cell survival at the valve base. There were no significant differences in basal gene expression comparing qVICs and aVICs for CASP3, FAS, BID, BAX, BCL2, CASP8, DDIAS, XIAP and BIRC5. After doxorubicin treatment (2 mM) for 8 h there was significant difference (P < .05) in the expression of BID, BCL2, DDIAS, and CASP8, but when assessed for interactions using a mixed model ANOVA only CASP8 was significantly different because of treatment (P < .05). These data suggest aVIC survival in MMVD valves may be a consequence of heightened resistance of aVICs to apoptosis, but would require confirmation examining expression of the relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Blake
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Greg R Markby
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Geoff J Culshaw
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Yolanda Martinez-Pereira
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chi-Chien Lu
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Brendan M Corcoran
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Roslin, Mid-Lothian Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
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Electrochemotherapy induces tumor regression and decreases the proliferative index in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15819. [PMID: 31676831 PMCID: PMC6825193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer in dogs, and, due to its low metastatic rate, local treatments, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), promote disease control or even complete remission (CR). This study aimed to evaluate the gene and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), the proliferative index and clinical parameters in dogs with cSCC subjected to ECT. A prospective nonrandomized clinical study was performed using dogs with naturally occurring cSCC that was treated with ECT. Eighteen lesions from 11 dogs were selected. The tumor size at day 0 (D0) had no impact on survival or prognosis (P > 0.05). Tumor samples had a lower proliferative index after ECT (D21) than before ECT (P = 0.031). The survival of subjects with Ki67 values lower and higher than the Ki67 median value were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Regarding apoptotic markers, there were no significant differences in the gene and protein expression levels of BAX or Bcl-2 at D0 and D21 (P > 0.05) or in the overall survival of subjects with different levels of apoptotic markers. In conclusion, there was no change in BAX or Bcl-2 gene and protein expression in response to ECT at the time points evaluated, but ECT was able to reduce tumor volume and cellular proliferation in cSCC.
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Zhou P, Xie W, Luo Y, Lu S, Dai Z, Wang R, Sun G, Sun X. Protective Effects of Total Saponins of Aralia elata (Miq.) on Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by TNF-α via Modulation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010036. [PMID: 30577658 PMCID: PMC6337668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease associated with inflammation. Hence, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for suppressing inflammatory responses is urgent and vital for the treatment of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases. The total saponins of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. (TAS) are the main components extracted from the Chinese traditional herb Longya Aralia chinensis L., a folk medicine used in Asian countries for treating numerous diseases, enhancing energy and boosting immunity. However, the protective effects of TAS against inflammation-triggered vascular endothelial dysfunction, a critical early event during the course of atherosclerosis, and the potential mechanisms of this protection have been not demonstrated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and the protective mechanisms of TAS, and show how TAS ameliorates human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage caused by tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The results indicated that TAS exerted cytoprotective effects by inhibiting TNF-α-triggered HUVEC apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarisation, and the regulation of inflammatory factors (IL-6, MCP-1, and VCAM-1) while suppressing NF-κB transcription. Furthermore, this phenomenon was related to activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway. Blocking the Akt pathway with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, reversed the cytoprotective effect of TAS against TNF-α-induced endothelial cell death. Moreover, LY294002 partially abolished the effects of TAS on the upregulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and the downregulation of Bax protein expression. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that TAS suppresses the inflammation and apoptosis of HUVECs induced by TNF-α and that PI3K/Akt signalling plays a key role in promoting cell survival and anti-inflammatory reactions during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziru Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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Transcriptome analysis of ABCB1, ABCG2 and the BCL2/BAX ratio in refractory and relapsed canine lymphomas under treatment and rescue protocol. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The main problems that cause unresponsiveness to an anti-neoplastic drug are the overexpression of drug resistant and anti-apoptotic proteins in tumor cells. In a rescue protocol we evaluated the ability of toceranib phosphate concurrent with lomustine (CCNU) or L-asparaginase and vincristine to decrease drug resistant and apoptotic proteins in relapsed and refractory canine lymphomas. The peripheral blood samples were collected before and after the rescue treatment from fourteen dogs that were refractory to cyclophosphamide-vincristine-prednisolone (COP) or COP-doxorubicin (CHOP) treatment and had recurrent multicentric lymphoma. The mRNA expression level of ABCB1, ABCG2, Bcl2 and Bax were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The fold-change in ABCB1, ABCG2, Bcl2 and Bax mRNA levels were analyzed in correlation with the progression-free survival (PFS). After the rescue treatment, the ABCB1 and ABCG2 mRNA expression levels were 1.57- and 1.85-fold lower (p = 0.4 and p = 0.87), respectively, compared to pre-treatment. Bcl2/Bax ratio was numerically but not significantly decreased 1.02-fold (p = 0.74). The overall response rate of this protocol was 50% with a median PFS of 79 days (range 14-207 days). The low medians of relative expression levels of ABCB1, ABCG2 and Bcl2/Bax ratio group did not correlate with the clinical outcomes when compared to the high medians of relative expression levels, and likewise with the clinical stage, immunophenotype, histological grade and sub-stage. Therefore, the administration of a rescue drug with toceranib phosphate might be beneficial in refractory and relapsed canine lymphoma.
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Pawlak A, Gładkowski W, Kutkowska J, Mazur M, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Rapak A. Enantiomeric trans β-aryl-δ-iodo-γ-lactones derived from 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde induce apoptosis in canine lymphoma cell lines by downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29534928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For many years, studies focused on developing new natural or synthetic compounds with antineoplastic activity have attracted the attention of researchers. An interesting group of such compounds seem to be those with both lactone moiety and an aromatic ring which, in addition to antimicrobial or antiviral activity, also exhibit antitumor properties. The study shows antitumor activity of two enantiomeric trans isomers of 5-(1-iodoethyl)-4-(2',5'-dimethylphenyl)dihydrofuran-2-one. Our aim was to determine their antitumor activity manifested as an ability to induce apoptosis in selected canine cancer cell lines as well as to evaluate differences in their strength depending on the configuration of their stereogenic centers. The enantiomers (+)-(4R,5S,6R)-1 and (-)-(4S,5R,6S)-2 were found to induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis through downregulation of the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Although the mechanism of apoptosis induction was the same for both enantiomers, they differed in their strength, as stronger antineoplastic activity in vitro was exhibited by isomer (+)-(4R,5S,6R)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kutkowska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcelina Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Wang Y, Su H, Song X, Fiati Kenston SS, Zhao J, Gu Y. Luteolin inhibits multi-heavy metal mixture-induced HL7702 cell apoptosis through downregulation of ROS-activated mitochondrial pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:233-241. [PMID: 29115570 PMCID: PMC5746289 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid economic development in recent years, China is facing a great challenge due to heavy metal pollution. The heavy metals may enter the human body through ingestion of aqua products to cause great health risks. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on the combined toxicity of multi-heavy metals (including zinc, manganese, lead, copper, cadmium, mercury, chromium and nickel) were investigated in HL7702 hepatocyte cells. An MTT assay demonstrated that 20 μM luteolin significantly alleviated the multi-heavy metal mixture-induced cell death and morphological changes. Furthermore, 20 μM luteolin significantly inhibited multi-heavy metal mixture-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and caused a decrease in adenosine triphosphate levels in HL7702 cells. A JC-1 staining assay indicated that 20 μM luteolin inhibited the mitochondrial membrane potential-reducing effect of the multi-heavy metal mixture. Apoptotic assays revealed that the multi-heavy metal mixture induced HL7702 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by 20 μM luteolin. Western blot analysis indicated that addition of luteolin to the multi-heavy metal mixture significantly alleviated cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, 20 μM luteolin had a significant inhibitory effect on multi-heavy metal mixture-induced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 protein. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that addition of luteolin significantly alleviated caspase-3 cleavage induced by the multi-heavy metal mixture. The present results suggested luteolin exerts its inhibitory effects of on multi-heavy metal mixture induced cell apoptosis through downregulation of the ROS-activated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, P.R. China
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