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Mi K, Sun L, Hou Y, Cai X, Zhou K, Ma W, Xu X, Pan Y, Liu Z, Huang L. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen and withdrawal time of cefquinome in pigs. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011331. [PMID: 37585381 PMCID: PMC10431683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefquinome is widely used to treat respiratory tract diseases of swine. While extra-label dosages of cefquinome could improve clinical efficacy, they might lead to excessively high residues in animal-derived food. In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was calibrated based on the published data and a microdialysis experiment to assess the dosage efficiency and food safety. For the microdialysis experiment, in vitro/in vivo relative recovery and concentration-time curves of cefquinome in the lung interstitium were investigated. This PBPK model is available to predict the drug concentrations in the muscle, kidney, liver, plasma, and lung interstitial fluid. Concentration-time curves of 1000 virtual animals in different tissues were simulated by applying sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses. By integrating pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target parameters, cefquinome delivered at 3-5 mg/kg twice daily is advised for the effective control of respiratory tract infections of nursery pig, which the bodyweight is around 25 kg. Based on the predicted cefquinome concentrations in edible tissues, the withdrawal interval is 2 and 3 days for label and the extra-label doses, respectively. This study provides a useful tool to optimize the dosage regimen of cefquinome against respiratory tract infections and predicts the concentration of cefquinome residues in edible tissues. This information would be helpful to improve the food safety and guide rational drug usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and National Safety Laboratory of Veterinary Drug (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and National Safety Laboratory of Veterinary Drug (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Cai
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and National Safety Laboratory of Veterinary Drug (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and National Safety Laboratory of Veterinary Drug (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yang WC, Liu ZY, Zhang YX, Yu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Huang XH. Florfenicol sustained-release granules: an in vitro-in vivo correlation study in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:81. [PMID: 37391757 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize pharmaceutical characteristics of florfenicol sustained-release granules (FSRGs) in vitro and in vivo. FSRGs were synthesized using monostearate, polyethylene glycol 4000 and starch. In vitro dissolution profiles were studied using the rotating basket method in pH 1.2 HCl solution and pH 4.3 acetate buffer. Twenty-four male healthy Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were equally divided into three groups and administered a 20 mg/kg i.v bolus of florfenicol solution and dosed orally with FSRGs in the fasting and fed states. The Higuchi model was the best fit for the drug release profile in pH 1.2 and pH 4.3 media, and the mechanism of drug dissolution was governed by both diffusion and dissolution. We established a level A in vitro - in vivo correlation for FSRGs and the in vivo profile of the FSRGs can be estimated by the in vitro drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cong Yang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Yao Liu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xian-Hui Huang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Origin Bacteria, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Simon R, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Albert E, Biksi I, Jerzsele Á. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Florfenicol in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Pigs at a Dose of 30 mg/kg bw Following Intramuscular Administration. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040758. [PMID: 37107120 PMCID: PMC10135420 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem of our time is the ever-increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacterial populations. One of the most effective ways to prevent these problems is to target antibacterial therapies for specific diseases. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effectiveness of florfenicol against S. suis, which can cause severe arthritis and septicemia in swine herds. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of florfenicol in porcine plasma and synovial fluid were determined. After a single intramuscular administration of florfenicol at 30 mg/kgbw, the AUC0-∞ was 164.45 ± 34.18 µg/mL × h and the maximum plasma concentration was 8.15 ± 3.11 µg/mL, which was reached in 1.40 ± 0.66 h, whereas, in the synovial fluid, these values were 64.57 ± 30.37 µg/mL × h, 4.51 ± 1.16 µg/mL and 1.75 ± 1.16 h, respectively. Based on the MIC values of the 73 S. suis isolates tested, the MIC50 and MIC90 values were 2 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. We successfully implemented a killing-time curve in pig synovial fluid as a matrix. Based on our findings, the PK/PD breakpoints of the bacteriostatic (E = 0), bactericidal (E = -3) and eradication (E = -4) effects of florfenicol were determined and MIC thresholds were calculated, which are the guiding indicators for the treatment of these diseases. The AUC24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects were 22.22 h, 76.88 h and 141.74 h, respectively, in synovial fluid, and 22.42 h, 86.49 h and 161.76 h, respectively, in plasma. The critical MIC values of florfenicol against S. suis regarding bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects in pig synovial fluid were 2.91 ± 1.37 µg/mL, 0.84 ± 0.39 µg/mL and 0.46 ± 0.21 µg/mL, respectively. These values provide a basis for further studies on the use of florfenicol. Furthermore, our research highlights the importance of investigating the pharmacokinetic properties of antibacterial agents at the site of infection and the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents against different bacteria in different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Simon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Szabó
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Study, MS Metabolomics Laboratory, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Kovács D, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Makrai L, Jerzsele Á. Synovial and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol and PK/PD Integration against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010109. [PMID: 35057005 PMCID: PMC8778523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is a member of the phenicol group, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It has been used for a long time in veterinary medicine, but there are some factors regarding its pharmacokinetic characteristics that have yet to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of florfenicol in synovial fluid and plasma of swine after intramuscular (i.m.) administration. In addition, the dosage regimen of treatment of arthritis caused by S. suis was computed for florfenicol using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices. As the first part of our investigation, the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of florfenicol were determined in the plasma and synovial fluid of six pigs. Following drug administration (15 mg/kgbw, intramuscularly), blood was drawn at the following times: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; synovial fluid samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The concentration of florfenicol was determined by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. As the second part of our research, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of florfenicol were determined in 45 S. suis strains isolated from clinical samples collected in Hungary. Furthermore, a strain of S. suis serotype 2 (SS3) was selected, and killing-time curves of different florfenicol concentrations (0.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL) were determined against this strain. Peak concentration of the florfenicol was 3.58 ± 1.51 µg/mL in plasma after 1.64 ± 1.74 h, while it was 2.73 ± 1.2 µg/mL in synovial fluid 3.4 ± 1.67 h after administration. The half-life in plasma was found to be 17.24 ± 9.35 h, while in synovial fluid it was 21.01 ± 13.19 h. The area under the curve (AUC24h) value was 54.66 ± 23.34 μg/mL·h for 24 h in plasma and 31.24 ± 6.82 μg/mL·h for 24 h in synovial fluid. The drug clearance scaled by bioavailability (Cl/F) in plasma and synovial fluid was 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg and 0.29 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) in plasma and synovial fluid was 24.0 ± 13.59 h and 27.39 ± 17.16 h, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) in plasma was calculated from Cl/F of 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, multiplied by MRT of 24.0 ± 13.59 h. For the PK/PD integration, average plasma and synovial fluid concentration of florfenicol was used in a steady-state condition. The obtained MIC50 value of the strains was 2.0 µg/mL, and MIC90 proved to be 16.0 µg/mL. PK/PD integration was performed considering AUC24h/MIC breakpoints that have already been described. This study is the first presentation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in swine synovia as well as a recommendation of extrapolated critical MICs of S. suis for therapeutic success in the treatment of S. suis arthritis in swine, but it should be noted that this requires a different dosage regimen to that used in authorized florfenicol formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Pál Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Structural Study, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-360-4191
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5
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Toutain PL, Pelligand L, Lees P, Bousquet-Mélou A, Ferran AA, Turnidge JD. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic paradigm for antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine: Recent advances and critical appraisal. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:172-200. [PMID: 33089523 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling is the initial step in the semi-mechanistic approach for optimizing dosage regimens for systemically acting antimicrobial drugs (AMDs). Numerical values of PK/PD indices are used to predict dose and dosing interval on a rational basis followed by confirmation in clinical trials. The value of PK/PD indices lies in their universal applicability amongst animal species. Two PK/PD indices are routinely used in veterinary medicine, the ratio of the area under the curve of the free drug plasma concentration to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (fAUC/MIC) and the time that free plasma concentration exceeds the MIC over the dosing interval (fT > MIC). The basic concepts of PK/PD modelling of AMDs were established some 20 years ago. Earlier studies have been reviewed previously and are not reconsidered in this review. This review describes and provides a critical appraisal of more recent, advanced PK/PD approaches, with particular reference to their application in veterinary medicine. Also discussed are some hypotheses and new areas for future developments.First, a brief overview of PK/PD principles is presented as the basis for then reviewing more advanced mechanistic considerations on the precise nature of selected indices. Then, several new approaches to selecting PK/PD indices and establishing their numerical values are reviewed, including (a) the modelling of time-kill curves and (b) the use of population PK investigations. PK/PD indices can be used for dose determination, and they are required to establish clinical breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A particular consideration is given to the precise nature of MIC, because it is pivotal in establishing PK/PD indices, explaining that it is not a "pharmacodynamic parameter" in the usual sense of this term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Toutain
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Lees
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Aude A Ferran
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - John D Turnidge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang L, Zhou Z, Gu X, Huang S, Shen X, Ding H. Murine Thigh Microdialysis to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Cefquinome Against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:448. [PMID: 32851028 PMCID: PMC7419427 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the application of microdialysis in pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) integration of cefquinome against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. After the A. pleuropneumoniae population reached 106 CFU/thigh, the mice received 0.04, 0.16, 0.63, 2.5, and 10 mg/kg cefquinome by subcutaneous injection. Plasma samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture for 4 h, and thigh dialysate was obtained by microdialysis at a flow rate of 1.5 μL/min for 6 h for the PK study. For the PD experiment, the infected mice were treated with a 4-fold-increase in the total cefquinome dose, ranging from 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/24 h, divided into one, two, three, four, and eight doses. The number of bacteria was determined and an inhibitory sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) model was used to analyse the relationships between PK/PD parameters and efficacy. The mean penetration of cefquinome from plasma to the thigh was 0.591. The PK data for PK/PD integration were obtained by extrapolation. The fittest PK/PD parameter for efficacy evaluation was %fT>MIC (the percentage of time that free drug concentrations exceed the MIC). The magnitudes of %fT>MIC to achieve net bacterial stasis, 1-log10 CFU reduction, 2-log10 CFU reduction, and 3-log10 CFU reduction were 19.56, 28.65, 41.59, and 67.07 % in plasma and 21.74, 36.11, 52.96, and 82.68% in murine thigh, respectively. Microdialysis was first applied to evaluate the PK/PD integration of cefquinome against A. pleuropneumoniae. These results would provide valuable references when we apply microdialysis to study the PK/PD integration model and use cefquinome to treat animal diseases caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Yao L, Kang Z, Huang Z, Gu X, Shen X, Ding H. Microdialysis Determination of Cefquinome Pharmacokinetics in Murine Thigh From Healthy, Neutropenic, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30914957 PMCID: PMC6422941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at applying microdialysis to explore cefquinome pharmacokinetics in thigh and plasma of healthy, neutropenic, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected mice. The relative recoveries (RRs) were tested in vitro by dialysis and retrodialysis and in vivo by retrodialysis. ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: H-40 (healthy mice receiving cefquinome at 40 mg/kg), H-160, N-40 (neutropenic mice), and I-40 mg/kg (thigh infected-mice with A. pleuropneumoniae). After cefquinome administration, plasma was collected by retro-orbital puncture and thigh dialysate was collected by using a microdialysis probe with Ringer’s solution at a perfusion rate of 1.5 μL/min. Plasma and thigh dialysate samples were assessed by HPLC–MS/MS and analyzed by a non-compartment model. The mean in vivo recoveries in the thigh were 39.35, 38.59, and 37.29% for healthy, neutropenic, and infected mice, respectively. The mean plasma protein-binding level was 16.40% and was independent of drug concentrations. For all groups, the mean values of the free AUCinf in plasma were higher than those in murine thigh, while the elimination T1/2β for plasma were lower than those for murine thigh. Cefquinome penetration (AUCthigh/AUCplasma) from the plasma to thigh was 0.76, 0.88, 0.47, and 0.98 for H-40, N-40, I-40, and H-160 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicated that infection significantly affected cefquinome pharmacokinetics in murine thigh. In conclusion, we successfully applied a microdialysis method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in murine thigh of healthy, neutropenic, and A. pleuropneumonia-infected mice and the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was obviously affected by infection in thigh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Qian MR, Wang QY, Yang H, Sun GZ, Ke XB, Huang LL, Gao JD, Yang JJ, Yang B. Diffusion-limited PBPK model for predicting pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pig. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:e30-e38. [PMID: 28568482 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For most bacterial lung infections, the concentration of unbound antimicrobial agent in lung interstitial fluid has been thought to be responsible for antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, a diffusion-limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in pigs. The model included separate compartments corresponding to blood, diffusion-limited lung, flow-limited muscle, liver, and kidney and an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. The absorption rate constant and renal and hepatic clearance of FF were determined in vivo. Other parameters were taken from the literature or optimized based on existing pharmacokinetic data. All mathematical operations during the development of the model were performed using acslXtreme version 3.0.2.1 (Aegis Technologies Group, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA). The model accurately predicted the concentration-time courses of FF in lung interstitial fluid, serum, and plasma following different dosing schedules, except at the dose of 15 mg/kg. When compared with the tissue residue data, the model generally underestimated the FF concentration at the injection site, whereas it gave good predictions of FF concentrations in lung, liver, and kidney at early time points. The model predictions provide a scientific basis for the dosage regimen design of FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Wuhan Agricultural School, Wuhan, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Z Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - X B Ke
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - L L Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J D Gao
- Wuhan Royal Veterinary Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - J J Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - B Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
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