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Seo YS, Song JH, Kim HS, Nam HH, Yang S, Choi G, Chae SW, Lee J, Jung B, Kim JS, Park I. An Integrative Study of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai in an Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Model of Asthma: The Effect on T Helper 2 Cell Activation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:529. [PMID: 38675190 PMCID: PMC11055152 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scrophularia have traditionally been used as herbal medicines to treat neuritis, sore throats, and laryngitis. In particular, S. takesimensis, a Korean endemic species with restricted distribution on Ulleung Island, holds significant resource and genetic value. However, its pharmacological properties have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, we provide detailed morphological characteristics and genomic information for S. takesimensis in this study. Moreover, its pharmacological activity was evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model, using extracts of S. takesimensis roots (100 or 200 mg/kg). The distinguishing features of S. takesimensis from related species include the presence or absence of stem wings, leaf shape, and habitat. The chloroplast (cp) genome of this species is 152,420 bp long and exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure. A total of 114 genes were identified, which included 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The gene order, content, and orientation of the S. takesimensis cp genome was highly conserved and consistent with the general structure observed in S. buergeriana and S. ningpoensis cp genomes. Confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of S. takesimensis extract (STE) using an established mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma, we observed reduced asthmatic phenotypes, including inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus production, and suppression of T helper 2 (Th2) cell. Furthermore, STE treatment reduced Th2 cell activation and differentiation. This study underscores the medicinal value of S. takesimensis. The importance of preserving S. takesimensis was revealed and crucial insights were provided for further research on its utilization as a medicinal resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Soo Seo
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Hyeon Hwa Nam
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Sung-Wook Chae
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Bokyung Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
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Henneman K. Optimizing Health – Integrative Medicine & Poor Performance. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2022; 38:463-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gxaba N, Manganyi MC. The Fight against Infection and Pain: Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) a Rich Source of Anti-Inflammatory Activity: 2011–2022. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113637. [PMID: 35684573 PMCID: PMC9182060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens subsp. procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. (Sesame seed Family—Pedaliaceae) is a popular medicinal plant known as Devil’s claw. It is predominantly distributed widely over southern Africa. Its impressive reputation is embedded in its traditional uses as an indigenous herbal plant for the treatment of menstrual problems, bitter tonic, inflammation febrifuge, syphilis or even loss of appetite. A number of bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, iridoid glycosides, glycosides, and acetylated phenolic compounds have been isolated. Harpagoside and harpagide, iridoid glycosides bioactive compounds have been reported in countless phytochemical studies as potential anti-inflammatory agents as well as pain relievers. In-depth studies have associated chronic inflammation with various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In addition, 60% of chronic disorder fatalities are due to chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide. Inflammation and pain-related disorders have attracted significant attention as leading causes of global health challenges. Articles published from 2011 to the present were obtained and reviewed in-depth to determine valuable data findings as well as knowledge gaps. Various globally recognized scientific search engines/databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were utilized to collect information and deliver evidence. Based on the literature results, there was a dramatic decrease in the number of studies conducted on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Devil’s claw, thereby presenting a potential research gap. It is also evident that currently in vivo clinical studies are needed to validate the prior massive in vitro studies, therefore delivering an ideal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent in the form of H. procumbens products.
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Brendler T. From Bush Medicine to Modern Phytopharmaceutical: A Bibliographic Review of Devil's Claw ( Harpagophytum spp.). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:726. [PMID: 34451822 PMCID: PMC8398729 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum spp., Pedaliaceae) is one of the best-documented phytomedicines. Its mode of action is largely elucidated, and its efficacy and excellent safety profile have been demonstrated in a long list of clinical investigations. The author conducted a bibliographic review which not only included peer-reviewed papers published in scientific journals but also a vast amount of grey literature, such as theses and reports initiated by governmental as well as non-governmental organizations, thus allowing for a more holistic presentation of the available evidence. Close to 700 sources published over the course of two centuries were identified, confirmed, and cataloged. The purpose of the review is three-fold: to trace the historical milestones in devil's claw becoming a modern herbal medicine, to point out gaps in the seemingly all-encompassing body of research, and to provide the reader with a reliable and comprehensive bibliography. The review covers aspects of ethnobotany, taxonomy, history of product development and commercialization, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, as well as clinical efficacy and safety. It is concluded that three areas stand out in need of further investigation. The taxonomical assessment of the genus is outdated and lacking. A revision is needed to account for intra- and inter-specific, geographical, and chemo-taxonomical variation, including variation in composition. Further research is needed to conclusively elucidate the active compound(s). Confounded by early substitution, intermixture, and blending, it has yet to be demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that both (or all) Harpagophytum spp. are equally (and interchangeably) safe and efficacious in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USA
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Vervuert I, Stratton-Phelps M. The Safety and Efficacy in Horses of Certain Nutraceuticals that Claim to Have Health Benefits. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:207-222. [PMID: 33618951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine nutraceuticals are promoted as useful therapies to help optimize health and athletic performance, often without the benefit of independent research to support product efficacy and safety. This review focuses on 4 main categories of equine supplements that are frequently used as nutraceuticals: (i) supplements to support metabolic health, (ii) gastric support products, (iii) common ingredients that are included in supplements designed to support hoof health, and (iv) supplements to support joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 9, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Meri Stratton-Phelps
- All Creatures Veterinary Nutrition Consulting, 3407 Millbrook Court, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA
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Luo S, Xie L, Chen J, Tang C, Xu RA. Determination and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Four Active Components From Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:612534. [PMID: 33519478 PMCID: PMC7838596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.612534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acteoside, angoroside C, harpagoside, and cinnamic acid, which are the main bioactive ingredients of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., have wide clinical use with various biological effects. A new and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established with taxifolin as the internal standard (IS) in this study and was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of four active components from S. ningpoensis Hemsl. in rats after sublingual intravenous administration. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the mobile phase (consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid) was used to separate the analytes on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 chromatography column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) under gradient elution. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of 623.4 → 161.3 m/z for acteoside, 783.5 → 175.0 m/z for angoroside C, 493.3 → 345.2 m/z for harpagoside and 147.2 → 103.4 m/z for cinnamic acid were monitored by mass spectrometry with negative electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The concentration range of 10–1,000 ng/ml could be detected by this method with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 10 ng/ml for each analyte. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD%) of the method ranged from 2.6 to 9.9% and 2.7–11.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy (RE%) was −9.6–10.7% in this developed method. The mean recoveries of four active components from S. ningpoensis Hemsl. were more than 76.7% with negligible matrix effects. The four active components from S. ningpoensis Hemsl. were stable under multiple storage and process conditions. A new, sensitive and simple analytical method had been established and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic profiles of four active components from S. ningpoensis Hemsl. in rats after sublingual intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbin Luo
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingping Xie
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congrong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Nam HH, Lee AY, Seo YS, Park I, Yang S, Chun JM, Moon BC, Song JH, Kim JS. Three Scrophularia Species ( Scrophularia buergeriana, S. koraiensis, and S. takesimensis) Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121656. [PMID: 33256150 PMCID: PMC7760964 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scrophulariae Radix, derived from the dried roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. or S. buergeriana Miq, is a traditional herbal medicine used in Asia to treat rheumatism, arthritis, and pharyngalgia. However, the effects of Scrophularia buergeriana, S. koraeinsis, and S. takesimensis on osteoclast formation and bone resorption remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and harpagoside content of S. buergeriana, S. koraiensis, and S. takesimensis, and compared the effects of ethanol extracts of these species using nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation. The harpagoside content of the three Scrophularia species was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Their therapeutic effects were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell formation and bone resorption in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) harvested from ICR mice. We confirmed the presence of harpagoside in the Scrophularia species. The harpagoside content of S. buergeriana, S. koraiensis, and S. takesimensis was 1.94 ± 0.24 mg/g, 6.47 ± 0.02 mg/g, and 5.50 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively. Treatment of BMMs with extracts of the three Scrophularia species inhibited TRAP-positive cell formation in a dose-dependent manner. The area of hydroxyapatite-absorbed osteoclasts was markedly decreased after treatment with the three Scrophularia species extracts. Our results indicated that the three species of the genus Scrophularia might exert preventive effects on bone disorders by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, suggesting that these species may have medicinal and functional value.
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St. Blanc M, Banse H, Retif M, Arana‐Valencia N, Keowen ML, Garza F, Liu C, Gray LF, Andrews FM. Effects of supplements containing turmeric and devil’s claw on equine gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. St. Blanc
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - H. Banse
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - M. Retif
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - N. Arana‐Valencia
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - M. L. Keowen
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - F. Garza
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - C.‐C. Liu
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
| | - L. F. Gray
- SmartPak Equine Plymouth MassachusettsUSA
| | - F. M. Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LouisianaUSA
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Axmann S, Hummel K, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Zitterl-Eglseer K. Pharmacokinetics of harpagoside in horses after intragastric administration of a Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) extract. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:37-44. [PMID: 30242850 PMCID: PMC7379497 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Devil's claw is used for the treatment of inflammatory symptoms and degenerative disorders in horses since many years, but without the substantive pharmacokinetic data. The pharmacokinetic parameters of harpagoside, the main active constituent of Harpagophytum procumbens DC ex Meisn., were evaluated in equine plasma after administration of Harpagophytum extract FB 8858 in an open, single‐dose, two‐treatment, two‐period, randomized cross‐over design. Six horses received a single dose of Harpagophytum extract, corresponding to 5 mg/kg BM harpagoside, and after 7 days washout period, 10 mg/kg BM harpagoside via nasogastric tube. Plasma samples at certain time points (before and 0–24 hr after administration) were collected, cleaned up by solid‐phase extraction, and harpagoside concentrations were determined by LC‐MS/MS using apigenin‐7‐glucoside as internal standard. Plasma concentration‐time data and relevant parameters were described by noncompartmental model through PKSolver software. Harpagoside could be detected up to 9 hr after administration. Cmax was found at 25.59 and 55.46 ng/ml, t1/2 at 2.53 and 2.32 hr, respectively, and tmax at 1 hr in both trials. AUC0–inf was 70.46 and 117.85 ng hr ml−1, respectively. A proportional relationship between dose, Cmax and AUC was observed. Distribution (Vz/F) was 259.04 and 283.83 L/kg and clearance (CL/F) 70.96 and 84.86 L hr−1 kg−1, respectively. Treatment of horses with Harpagophytum extract did not cause any clinically detectable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Axmann
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hummel
- Technology Platform VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- Technology Platform VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karin Zitterl-Eglseer
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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