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Ciconello FN, Katz ISS, Fernandes ER, Guedes F, Silva SR. A comparative review of serological assays for the detection of rabies virus-specific antibodies. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106254. [PMID: 34808119 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a major public health problem with a fatality rate close to 100%, caused by a virus of the Lyssavirus genus, of which rabies virus (RABV) is the prototype. Nonetheless, the complete prevention can be achieved by the induction of neutralizing antibodies by pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. According to the world health organization (WHO) and World Organization for animal health (OIE), serum titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) that are higher or equal to 0.5 international units (IU)/ml indicate adequate immune response after vaccination against rabies. Currently, RFFIT and FAVN are the gold standard tests recommended by both WHO and OIE for detecting and quantitating RVNA in biological samples from individuals or animals previously vaccinated and/or subjects suspected of having been infected by RABV. Although the tests RFFIT and FAVN are efficient, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive manual tests and not cost-effective for routine use. Following the previously mentioned, approaches with alternative methods have been developed to detect RVNA or rabies-specific antibodies in human or animal serum, but with variable success. This work summarizes the advances in the serological assays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies or rabies antibodies and assesses the individual immune status after vaccination against rabies, as well as the mechanisms of RABV neutralization mediated by antibodies. Therefore, the main alternative methods for the determination of RABV or rabies-specific antibodies are exposed, with promising results, besides being easy to execute, of low cost, and representing a possibility of being applied, according to the proposal of each test to the network of Rabies Surveillance Laboratories.
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Wang S, Wen Y, An T, Duan G, Sun M, Ge J, Li X, Yang K, Cai X. Development of an Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid Detection of Canine Adenovirus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2882. [PMID: 31921060 PMCID: PMC6917642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although canine adenovirus (CAdV) is highly prevalent in dogs, there is currently a lack of a quick diagnostic method. In this study, we developed a rapid immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay using colloidal gold coupled to CAdV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). BALB/c mice were immunized with a purified CAdV-2 suspension, and four mAbs (belonging to two different epitopes) were generated and designated as 2C1, 7D7, 10D1, and 4G1. Western blot and protein spectral analysis indicated that the hexon protein of CAdV-2 recognized all four mAbs. The colloidal gold-coupled 7D7 and 2C1 mAbs were chosen for inclusion in the rapid ICS assay. The optimal concentrations of the coating antibody (2C1), the capture antibody (7D7), and the goat anti-mouse antibody were 1.0 mg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively. The limit of detection was approximately 2.0 × 102 tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/ml. Other common canine viruses were tested to evaluate the specificity of the ICS, and positive results were observed for only CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. The ICS test was conducted on 360 samples to detect CAdV, and the results were compared with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. The ICS test was found to be a sufficiently sensitive and specific detection method for the convenient and rapid detection of CAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjun Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tongqing An
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guixin Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - MingXia Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinying Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zang X, Kong K, Tang H, Tang Y, Tang H, Jiao X, Huang J. A GICA strip for Campylobacter jejuni real-time monitoring at meat production site. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Singh R, Singh KP, Cherian S, Saminathan M, Kapoor S, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Panda S, Dhama K. Rabies - epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2017. [PMID: 28643547 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1343516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in Islands like Australia and Antarctica. Over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host are mainly responsible for transmission and wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes are main reservoirs for rabies. The incubation period is highly variable from 2 weeks to 6 years (avg. 2-3 months). Though severe neurologic signs and fatal outcome, neuropathological lesions are relatively mild. Rabies virus exploits various mechanisms to evade the host immune responses. Being a major zoonosis, precise and rapid diagnosis is important for early treatment and effective prevention and control measures. Traditional rapid Seller's staining and histopathological methods are still in use for diagnosis of rabies. Direct immunofluoroscent test (dFAT) is gold standard test and most commonly recommended for diagnosis of rabies in fresh brain tissues of dogs by both OIE and WHO. Mouse inoculation test (MIT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are superior and used for routine diagnosis. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated viruses, DNA and recombinant vaccines can be done in endemic areas. This review describes in detail about epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, advances in diagnosis, vaccination and therapeutic approaches along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Singh
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- b Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD) , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Susan Cherian
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology , LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Hisar , Haryana , India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- d ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , Karnataka , India
| | - Shibani Panda
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Matsuda R, Rodriguez E, Suresh D, Hage DS. Chromatographic immunoassays: strategies and recent developments in the analysis of drugs and biological agents. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2947-66. [PMID: 26571109 PMCID: PMC4820777 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromatographic immunoassay is a technique in which an antibody or antibody-related agent is used as part of a chromatographic system for the isolation or measurement of a specific target. Various binding agents, detection methods, supports and assay formats have been developed for this group of methods, and applications have been reported that range from drugs, hormones and herbicides to peptides, proteins and bacteria. This review discusses the general principles and applications of chromatographic immunoassays, with an emphasis being given to methods and formats that have been developed for the analysis of drugs and biological agents. The relative advantages or limitations of each format are discussed. Recent developments and research in this field, as well as possible future directions, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Elliott Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Doddavenkatanna Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
- Home Department: Department of Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka 572103, India
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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