Phenotypic changes contributing to Enterobacter gergoviae biocide resistance

Mechanism of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) in controlling microbial problems in aircraft fuel systems

This research investigated the potential use of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) as a biocide in aircraft fuel systems, which is rarely studied due to the unique properties of such systems. The study assessed the effectiveness of CMIT against three microbial isolates using minimum inhibitory concentrations and bacteriostatic tests, and showed that CMIT had good activity against them. Electrochemical studies were conducted to determine the impact of CMIT on the 7B04 aluminum alloy, which demonstrated that CMIT acted as a cathodic inhibitor and exhibited certain levels of short-term and long-term corrosion inhibition effects at concentrations of 100 mg L^-1 and 60 mg L^-1, respectively. Additionally, the research provided insights into the mechanisms governing microbial problems by studying the reaction of CMIT with glutathione and sulfate. Overall, the study suggested that CMIT may be a useful biocide in aircraft fuel systems and provided important information on its efficacy and mechanism of action.

In vitro study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of various multifunctional cosmetic ingredients and chlorphenesin on bacterial species at risk in the cosmetic industry

AIMS

We evaluated the activity of the preservative chlorphenesin and of four antimicrobial cosmetic multifunctional ingredients against various strains of gram-negative and gram-positive human opportunistic pathogens.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Growth kinetics, modelling growth parameters and statistical analyses enabled comparing bacterial behaviour in the presence and in the absence of the compound. Whatever compound tested (i.e. chlorphenesin, phenylpropanol, hexanediol, ethylhexylglycerin, hydroxyacetophenone) and strain origin (i.e. clinical versus industrial), the growth of 42 strains belonging to Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia cepacia complex and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was totally inhibited. On the opposite all of the P. aeruginosa strains (n = 13) as well as 4 and 6 out of 10 strains of Pluralibacter gergoviae grew in the presence of chlorphenesin and ethylhexylglycerin, respectively. Some P. gergoviae and Staphylococcus hominis strains withstand hydroxyacetophenone. Within a species, the different strains show variable latency phase, growth rate (r) and carrying capacity (K). They can be similar, lower or higher than those measured in control conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Data showed differences in the antimicrobial activity of compounds. Upon exposure, strains differed in their behaviour between and within species. Whatever species and strains, compound sensitivity could not be related to antibiotic resistance.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Most multifunctional ingredients showed significant antimicrobial properties against the wide panel of species and strains evaluated. This will help adjusting preservation strategies in the cosmetic industry.

Controversy around parabens: Alternative strategies for preservative use in cosmetics and personal care products

Parabens usage as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products have been debated among scientists and consumers. Parabens are easy to production, effective and cheap, but its safety status remains controversial. Other popular cosmetics preservatives are formaldehyde, triclosan, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. Although their high antimicrobial effectiveness, they also exhibit some adverse health effects. Lately, scientists have shown that natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts present antimicrobial potential. However, their use in cosmetic is a challenge. The present review article is a comprehensive summary of the available methods to prevent microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care products, which can allow reducing the use of parabens in these products.

Genome Sequence of Pluralibacter gergoviae ECO77, a Multireplicon Isolate of Industrial Origin

In order to expand the limited understanding of the genomics of antimicrobial-resistant industrial bacteria, we report the genome sequence of Pluralibacter gergoviae ECO77, a historical contaminant strain of industrial origin. The multireplicon 6.16-Mbp genome of ECO77 consists of a 5.37-Mbp main chromosome, a megaplasmid (605,666 bp), and a large plasmid (182,007 bp).

In order to expand the limited understanding of the genomics of antimicrobial-resistant industrial bacteria, we report the genome sequence of Pluralibacter gergoviae ECO77, a historical contaminant strain of industrial origin. The multireplicon 6.16-Mbp genome of ECO77 consists of a 5.37-Mbp main chromosome, a megaplasmid (605,666 bp), and a large plasmid (182,007 bp).

Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance

The genus Enterobacter is a member of the ESKAPE group, which contains the major resistant bacterial pathogens. First described in 1960, this group member has proven to be more complex as a result of the exponential evolution of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Today, 22 species belong to the Enterobacter genus. These species are described in the environment and have been reported as opportunistic pathogens in plants, animals, and humans. The pathogenicity/virulence of this bacterium remains rather unclear due to the limited amount of work performed to date in this field. In contrast, its resistance against antibacterial agents has been extensively studied. In the face of antibiotic treatment, it is able to manage different mechanisms of resistance via various local and global regulator genes and the modulation of the expression of different proteins, including enzymes (β-lactamases, etc.) or membrane transporters, such as porins and efflux pumps. During various hospital outbreaks, the Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae complex exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, which has stimulated questions about the role of cascade regulation in the emergence of these well-adapted clones.