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Marchionatti E, Kittl S, Sendi P, Perreten V. Whole genome-based antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and phylogenetic characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes clinical isolates from humans and animals. Vet Microbiol 2024; 294:110102. [PMID: 38749210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic zoonotic bacterial pathogen, whose antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genetic relatedness between strains from animals and humans are barely studied. These characteristics were therefore analyzed for clinical T. pyogenes strains from 31 animals of 11 different species and 8 humans determining their complete circular genome sequence and antimicrobial susceptibility. The MICs of 19 antimicrobials including 3 antiseptics correlated to the resistance genes identified in silico within the genomes revealing a predominance of resistance to streptomycin (aadA9), sulfamethoxazole (sul1), and tetracycline (tet(33), tet(W/N/W)) among strains from humans and cattle. Additional resistance genes (erm(X), erm(56), cmx, drfA1, aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia) were found only sporadically. The resistance genes were localized on genetic elements integrated into the chromosome. A cgMLST-based phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters each containing genetically diverse strains. The human strains showed the closest relatedness to strains from cattle. Virulence genes coding for fimbriae (fimA, fimC), neuroamidase (nanP, nanH), pyolysin (plo), and collagen binding protein (cbpA) were identified in strains from different hosts, but no correlation was observed between virulence factors and strain origin. The existence of resistance genes typically found in Gram-negative bacteria within the Gram-positive T. pyogenes indicates a wider capacity to adapt to antimicrobial selective pressure. Moreover, the presence of similar antimicrobial resistance profiles found in cattle and human strains as well as their closest relatedness suggests common zoonotic features and cattle as the potential source for human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Marchionatti
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, Bern 3012, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Bacterial Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kittl
- Center for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Division of Molecular Bacterial Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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Zheng Y, Yu Q, Han L, Chen X. Molecular Characterization of Resistance and Virulence Factors of Trueperella pyogenes Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1979-1986. [PMID: 38800580 PMCID: PMC11122176 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s433578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was designed to investigate the resistance determinants and virulence factors of 45 Trueperella pyogenes isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in Hexi Corridor of Gansu, China. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was tested by E-test method. Gene of antimicrobial resistance, virulence integrase and integron gene cassettes were determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results The T. pyogenes isolates exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (88.9%) and tetracycline (64.4%), followed by erythromycin (15.6%) and gentamicin (13.3%). Resistance to streptomycin was most commonly encoded by aadA9 (88.9%); and to tetracycline, by tetW (64.4%). Importantly, all streptomycin-resistant isolates carried aadA9 alone or in combination with aadA1, aadA11 and strA-strB. Similarly, all tetracycline-resistant isolates harbored tetW alone or in combination with tetA33. Meanwhile, ermX was detected in 13.3% isolates, only one erythromycin-resistant isolate was not identified for this gene. Moreover, all T. pyogenes isolates carried class 1 integrons, and 17.8% of them contained gene cassettes, including arrays aadA1-aadB (4.4%), aad A24-dfrA1-ORF1 (2.2%) and aadA1 (2.2%). Furthermore, all tested isolates harbored virulent genes plo and fimA, followed by fimC (88.9%), fimE (86.6%) nanP (75.6%), nanH (40.0%), cbpA (35.6%) and fimG (6.7%). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of integron gene cassettes of T. pyogenes isolates from bovine mastitis cases in China. These findings are useful for developing the prevention and the virulence factors of T. pyogenes could be promising candidates for vaccine antigens for bovine mastitis caused by T. pyogenes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
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Liu N, Shan Q, Wu X, Xu L, Li Y, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu Y. Phenotypic Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Genotype Features of Trueperella pyogenes Associated with Endometritis of Dairy Cows. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3974. [PMID: 38612785 PMCID: PMC11012078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes can cause various infections in the organs and tissues of different livestock (including pigs, cows, goats, and sheep), including mastitis, endometritis, pneumonia, or abscesses. Moreover, diseases induced by T. pyogenes cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry. In recent large-scale investigations, T. pyogenes has been identified as one of the main pathogens causing endometritis in lactating cows. However, the main treatment for the above-mentioned diseases is still currently antibiotic therapy. Understanding the impact of endometritis associated with T. pyogenes on the fertility of cows can help optimize antibiotic treatment for uterine diseases, thereby strategically concentrating the use of antimicrobials on the most severe cases. Therefore, it is particularly important to continuously monitor the prevalence of T. pyogenes and test its drug resistance. This study compared the uterine microbiota of healthy cows and endometritis cows in different cattle farms, investigated the prevalence of T. pyogenes, evaluated the genetic characteristics and population structure of isolated strains, and determined the virulence genes and drug resistance characteristics of T. pyogenes. An amount of 186 dairy cows were involved in this study and 23 T. pyogenes strains were isolated and identified from the uterine lavage fluid of dairy cows with or without endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China; (N.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Le Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150001, China; (N.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.W.)
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Stuby J, Lardelli P, Thurnheer CM, Blum MR, Frei AN. Trueperella pyogenes endocarditis in a Swiss farmer: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:821. [PMID: 37996784 PMCID: PMC10668470 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a bacterium that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of various domestic and wild animals. It rarely leads to infections in humans, with only a few descriptions available in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 71-year-old Swiss farmer with a history of recurring basal cell carcinoma and metastasized pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presented with signs of sepsis after a three-day history of general weakness, malaise and fever. Clinical and echocardiographic findings, as well as persistent bacteremia were consistent with mitral valve endocarditis caused by T. pyogenes. The patient's condition gradually improved under antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (empiric therapy of sepsis), and later penicillin G based on resistance testing. He was discharged after 13 days and continued outpatient antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, resulting in a total antibiotic treatment duration of six weeks. This is the first literature review of T. pyogenes endocarditis in humans. Among nine cases of T. pyogenes endocarditis, three patients had documented contact with farm animals and five had an underlying condition that compromised the immune system. While antibiotic resistance of T. pyogenes is an emerging concern, susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics seems to persist. The mortality of T. pyogenes endocarditis described in the literature was high, with 66% of patients not surviving the disease. CONCLUSIONS T. pyogenes is a rare causative organism of infectious endocarditis in humans and descriptions are mainly restricted to case reports. In our review of the literature, we found that both an impaired immune system and contact with farm animals might be risk factors. Growth of T. pyogenes in blood cultures is unlikely to be missed during routine analysis, as it shows marked beta-hemolysis on blood agar culture plates, which generally leads to further characterization of the bacteria. Susceptibility to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and macrolides seems to be retained and the reported mortality in the few patients with T. pyogenes endocarditis is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Stuby
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrizia Lardelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Thurnheer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel R Blum
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea N Frei
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tamai IA, Mohammadzadeh A, Mahmoodi P, Pakbin B, Salehi TZ. Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes and genomic characterization of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from abscesses in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:29-36. [PMID: 36434850 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic animal pathogen mainly associated with various suppurative infections in wild and domestic animals. Limited studies have investigated the pathogenesis of diseases caused by this pathogen. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic properties, virulence genotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of T. pyogenes isolated from abscess lesions in different tissues of on-farm dairy cattle. The study was performed on 150 postpartum cattle with clinical abscess symptoms on 22 farms around Tehran, Iran. Classical and disk diffusion methods are used for phenotypic characterization and antibiotic susceptibility. Detection of virulence factor encoding genes and genomic characterization of the isolates also are carried out by conventional PCR and BOX-PCR assays, respectively. Sixty-eight T. pyogenes strains (45.3%) were isolated, 12 were identified as pure cultures and the other 56 strains were isolated from mixed cultures. Seven distinct biotypes were identified among the T. pyogenes isolates. The isolates were mostly resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.6%), erythromycin (36.7%), tetracycline (26.5%) and tylosin (23.5%) antibiotics. Also, the genes plo, nanH, nanP and fimA were detected in all isolates. Forty-two isolates (61.7%) carried all virulence factor genes detected in this study. Three isolates only carried plo, nanH, nanP and fimA genes were identified as the least frequent genotype. All sixty-eight isolates and the reference strain were categorized into seven main clusters (A-G). A strong association was observed between virulence factor encoding genes, pathogenicity and biochemical biotypes in some specific clonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Pezhman Mahmoodi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Thakur Z, Vaid RK, Anand T, Tripathi BN. Comparative Genome Analysis of 19 Trueperella pyogenes Strains Originating from Different Animal Species Reveal a Genetically Diverse Open Pan-Genome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010024. [PMID: 36671226 PMCID: PMC9854608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that causes severe cases of mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia in a wide range of animals, resulting in significant economic losses. Although little is known about the virulence factors involved in the disease pathogenesis, a comprehensive comparative genome analysis of T. pyogenes genomes has not been performed till date. Hence, present investigation was carried out to characterize and compare 19 T. pyogenes genomes originating in different geographical origins including the draftgenome of the first Indian origin strain T. pyogenes Bu5. Additionally, candidate virulence determinants that could be crucial for their pathogenesis were also detected and analyzed by using various bioinformatics tools. The pan-genome calculations revealed an open pan-genome of T. pyogenes. In addition, an inventory of virulence related genes, 190 genomic islands, 31 prophage sequences, and 40 antibiotic resistance genes that could play a significant role in organism's pathogenicity were detected. The core-genome based phylogeny of T. pyogenes demonstrates a polyphyletic, host-associated group with a high degree of genomic diversity. The identified core-genome can be further used for screening of drug and vaccine targets. The investigation has provided unique insights into pan-genome, virulome, mobiliome, and resistome of T. pyogenes genomes and laid the foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoozeal Thakur
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vaid
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Taruna Anand
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
- Division of Animal Science, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110001, India
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Qi M, Jiang Q, Yang S, Zhang C, Liu J, Liu W, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated unfolded protein response protects against infection of goat endometrial epithelial cells by Trueperella pyogenes via autophagy. Virulence 2022; 13:122-136. [PMID: 34967271 PMCID: PMC9794013 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2021630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important bacterial pathogen of a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Autophagy plays a key role in eliminating T. pyogenes in a process that is dependent on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response also is critical for autophagy regulation. However, the relationship between ER stress and T. pyogenes is uncharacterized and the intracellular survival mechanisms of T. pyogenes have not been investigated adequately. In this study, we show that T. pyogenes invades goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). Meanwhile, we observed that GRP78 was upregulated significantly, and that unfolded protein response (UPR) also were activated after infection. Additionally, treatment with activators and inhibitors of ER stress downregulated and upregulated, respectively, intracellular survival of T. pyogenes. Blocking the three arms of the UPR pathway separately enhanced T. pyogenes survival and inflammatory reaction to different levels. We also show that LC3-labeled autophagosomes formed around the invading T. pyogenes and that autolysosome-like vesicles were visible in gEECs using transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, tunicamycin did not inhibit the intracellular survival of T. pyogenes under conditions in which autophagy was blocked. Finally, severe challenge with T. pyogenes induced host cell apoptosis which also may indicate a role for ER stress in the infection response. In summary, we demonstrate here that ER stress and UPR are novel modulators of autophagy that inhibit T. pyogenes intracellular survival in gEECs, which has the potential to be developed as an effective therapeutic target in T. pyogenes infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&f University, Yanglin, Shaanxi, China,CONTACT Yaping Jin
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Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Trueperella pyogenes Isolated from Infections in European Bison (Bison bonasus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141825. [PMID: 35883372 PMCID: PMC9311551 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the European bison, Trueperella pyogenes is associated with different suppurative infections of mainly the urogenital tract or with abscesses in various tissues. Our research showed that in the studied population of European bison in Poland, the prevalence of T. pyogenes infections is relatively high. The significant genetic diversity of isolated strains was observed. However, in a few cases, the same RAPD profile was obtained for strains isolated from individuals living in the same area. Our study indicated that different virulence factors are related to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. The results obtained in this study provide valuable data about the prevalence, pathogenicity and genetic diversity of T. pyogenes in the European bison. Thus, it improves the knowledge on treatment for the European bison’s health and proves the importance of continuous monitoring for the protection of these wild ruminants. Abstract Trueperella pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium causing purulent infections in many animal species, including the European bison. However, the data about the virulence and genetic relationships of T. pyogenes strains isolated from these wild ruminants are strongly limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of T. pyogenes infections in the European bison, and to evaluate the genetic diversity of isolates from these animals. In the time span of 10 years, 328 European bison from 16 different locations were examined. The standard bacteriological methods were used for T. pyogenes isolation and identification from clinical specimens obtained from urogenital tract infections and abscesses of different locations. The presence of genes encoding known virulence factors was investigated by PCR, and the genetic diversity of T. pyogenes strains was examined with the RAPD-PCR method. The prevalence of T. pyogenes infections was 14.6%, and the pathogen was isolated from both female (47.9% of isolates) and male (52.1% of isolates) European bison. It should be highlighted that a considerable number of strains were isolated from the prepuce and penis infections. Therefore, the role of T. pyogenes in the pathogenesis of balanoposthitis should be seriously perceived. A total of 39 T. pyogenes strains were subjected to genetic characterization. All studied strains carried the plo gene, while the nanH (25.6%), nanP (23.1%), cbpA (7.7%), fimA (97.4%), fimC (69.2%), fimE (92.3%) and fimG (15.4%) genes were present with a variable frequency among the tested strains. The virulence genotype plo/fimA/fimC/fimE was dominant. RAPD-PCR typing showed a high level of genetic diversity among European bison T. pyogenes strains, and a total of 31 different RAPD profiles were distinguished. In a few cases, the same RAPD profile was found in strains obtained from animals living in the same area. This study provided the first data about the prevalence and genetic relationships of T. pyogenes in the Polish population of European bison. However, further epidemiological investigations are needed to understand the routes of transmission and dissemination of the pathogen in these wild animals.
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Tamai IA, Mohammadzadeh A, Salehi TZ, Mahmoodi P, Pakbin B. Expression of virulence factor genes in co-infections with Trueperella pyogenes isolates and other bacterial pathogens; an in vivo study. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Qin L, Meng F, He H, Yang YB, Wang G, Tang YD, Sun M, Zhang W, Cai X, Wang S. A Virulent Trueperella pyogenes Isolate, Which Causes Severe Bronchoconstriction in Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slices. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:824349. [PMID: 35174243 PMCID: PMC8841747 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.824349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes causes disease in cattle, sheep, goats and swine, and is involved occasionally in human disease worldwide. Most reports implicating T. pyogenes have been associated with clinical cases, whereas no report has focused on pathogenicity of T. pyogenes in mouse models or precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) cultures from swine. Here, we isolated and identified a virulent, β-hemolytic, multidrug-resistant T. pyogenes strain named 20121, which harbors the virulence marker genes fimA, fimE, nanH, nanP and plo. It was found to be highly resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin and medemycin. Strain 20121 was pathogenic in mouse infection models, displaying pulmonary congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration, partial degeneration in epithelial cells of the tracheal and bronchiolar mucosa, a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa, and bacteria (>104 CFU/g) in the lung. Importantly, we used T. pyogenes 20121 to infect porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) cultures for the first time, where it caused severe bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, dexamethasone showed its ability to relieve bronchoconstriction in PCLS caused by T. pyogenes 20121, highlighting dexamethasone may assist antibiotic treatment for clinical T. pyogenes infection. This is the first report of T. pyogenes used to infect and cause bronchoconstriction in porcine PCLS. Our results suggest that porcine PCLS cultures as a valuable 3D organ model for the study of T. pyogenes infection and treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fandan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haijuan He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehui Cai
| | - Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Shujie Wang
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Trueperella pyogenes pyolysin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endometrium stromal cells via autophagy- and ATF6-dependent mechanism. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:939-952. [PMID: 33454924 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and interaction with the host by its primary virulence factor pyolysin (PLO). The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation role of PLO which serve as a combinational pathogen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endometritis. In this study, the expression of bioactive recombinant PLO (rPLO) in a prokaryotic expression system and its purification are described. Moreover, we observed that rPLO inhibited the innate immune response triggered by LPS and that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) abrogated this inhibitory effect in goat endometrium stromal cells (gESCs). Additionally, we show from pharmacological and genetic studies that rPLO-induced autophagy represses gene expression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, this study reported that ATF6 serves as a primary regulator of the cellular inflammatory reaction to rPLO. Overall, these observations suggest that T. pyogenes PLO could create an immunosuppressive environment for other pathogens invasion by regulating cellular signaling pathways.
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Stewart JL, Shipley CF. Management of Reproductive Diseases in Male Small Ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 37:105-123. [PMID: 33358315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive tract diseases can be a significant cause of subfertility or infertility in male small ruminants. Affected males can usually be identified early by performing routine serologic screening and yearly breeding soundness examinations. Early diagnosis will either maximize treatment success or expedite culling decisions. Once clinical signs of diseases develop, prognosis for breeding ability declines. Veterinary practitioners should used ancillary diagnostic techniques, such as ultrasound examination and laboratory testing to acquire a diagnosis and determine prognosis of reproductive lesions. Some diseases (eg, brucellosis) should be ruled out immediately to cull affected animals and minimize transmission within the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Stewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duckpond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Clifford F Shipley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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New Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance and Their Association with the Class 1 Integron Gene Cassettes in Trueperella pyogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124230. [PMID: 32545831 PMCID: PMC7352783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic animal pathogen. Different antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, are used to treat T. pyogenes infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate aminoglycoside susceptibility and to detect aminoglycoside resistance determinants in 86 T. pyogenes isolates of different origin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin was determined using a standard broth microdilution method. Genetic elements associated with aminoglycoside resistance were investigated by PCR and DNA sequencing. All studied isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, but 32.6% and 11.6% of them were classified as resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, respectively. A total of 30 (34.9%) isolates contained class 1 integrons. Class 1 integron gene cassettes carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA11 and aadA9, were found in seven and two isolates, respectively. Additionally, the aadA9 gene found in six isolates was not associated with mobile genetic elements. Moreover, other, not carried by gene cassettes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, strA-strB and aph(3’)-IIIa, were also detected. Most importantly, this is the first description of all reported genes in T. pyogenes. Nevertheless, the relevance of the resistance phenotype to genotype was not perfectly matched in 14 isolates. Therefore, further investigations are needed to fully explain aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in T. pyogenes.
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Fujimoto H, Shimoji N, Sunagawa T, Kubozono K, Nakajima C, Chuma T. Differences in phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes detected in slaughtered cattle and pigs with septicemia. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:626-631. [PMID: 32213728 PMCID: PMC7273585 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the hemolytic properties, biochemical properties, and possession of virulence factor genes of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from cattle and pigs with
septicemia. The porcine strains showed significantly stronger hemolyticity than the bovine strains. In addition, T. pyogenes from cattle and pigs also differed in
biochemical properties. Virulence factor genes (nanP, cbpA, fimC, and fimE) were more prevalent in bovine strains, whereas other virulence
factor genes (nanH and fimG) were more prevalent in porcine strains. T. pyogenes isolated from pig and cattle with septis cases in Japanese
meat inspection showed variability in biochemical and genetic properties. Differences were observed between porcine and bovine strain in term of the hemolytic strength and possession of
genes for factors promoting adhesions which are considered pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujimoto
- Shibushi Meat Inspection Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Anraku 5972-10, Shibushi, Kagoshima 899-7104, Japan
| | - Natsuki Shimoji
- Shibushi Meat Inspection Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Anraku 5972-10, Shibushi, Kagoshima 899-7104, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Sunagawa
- Shibushi Meat Inspection Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Anraku 5972-10, Shibushi, Kagoshima 899-7104, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubozono
- Shibushi Meat Inspection Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Anraku 5972-10, Shibushi, Kagoshima 899-7104, Japan
| | - Chikage Nakajima
- Shibushi Meat Inspection Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, Anraku 5972-10, Shibushi, Kagoshima 899-7104, Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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15
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Polveiro RC, Vidigal PMP, Mendes TADO, Yamatogi RS, Lima MC, Moreira MAS. Effects of enrofloxacin treatment on the bacterial microbiota of milk from goats with persistent mastitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4421. [PMID: 32157153 PMCID: PMC7064484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for human and animal health. As fluoroquinolones have been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine, there has also been the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance around the world. Here, we analysed the microbiome of goat milk using samples from healthy goats and those diagnosed with persistent mastitis and treated using the antibiotic enrofloxacin with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We selected a group of 11 goats and 22 samples of milk that did not respond clinically to enrofloxacin treatment. Milk samples were evaluated before and after treatment to verify changes of the microbiota; the three first lactating goats were selected from the healthy control group. The milk samples from the healthy control animals presented a larger abundance of different species of bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus, but a smaller number of different genera, which indicated a more specific niche of resident bacteria. The Firmicutes phylum was predominantly different between the studied groups. Samples from before-treatment animals had a higher number of new species than those from the control group, and after being treated again. These microbiota received new bacteria, increasing the differences in bacteria even more in relation to the control group. Genotypes such as Trueperella and Mannheimia, between other genera, had a high abundance in the samples from animals with persistent mastitis. The dysbiosis in this study, with marked evidence of a complex microbiota in activity in cases of the failure of antimicrobial treatment for persistent chronic mastitis, demonstrates a need to improve the accuracy of pathogen identification and increases concern regarding antibiotic treatments in milk production herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Magna Coroa Lima
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Barrero-Domínguez B, Luque I, Jurado-Martos F, Vela AI, Sanz-Tejero C, Tarradas C. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from food-producing ruminants. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108593. [PMID: 32122597 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 96 Trueperella pyogenes isolates, an opportunistic pathogen of food-producing ruminants, obtained from cattle (n = 34), sheep (n = 35) and goats (n = 27), and identified by Real Time PCR (qPCR), were analysed to determine the susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials commonly used in livestock, using a broth microdilution. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) distribution was unimodal for half of the antimicrobials tested with the exception of apramycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, and erythromycin all of which showed bimodal MIC distributions. Low MIC90 values for penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin (<1 μg/ml) were obtained, suggesting that these antimicrobials would be the most effective first line empiric treatment for T. pyogenes infections in livestock. Furthermore, according to the specific T. pyogenes breakpoints for penicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and erythromycin, 93.7 % of isolates were susceptible to penicillin and 77.2 % to erythromycin, whereas 92.7 % were non-susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Significant differences were observed in the MIC distribution of almost all antimicrobials, except enrofloxacin, tylosin and erythromycin against cattle, sheep or goat isolates, although all antimicrobials showed similar MIC90 values, except apramycin and oxytetracycline that showed higher values when tested against cattle isolates. These data provide interesting information on the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of infections caused by T. pyogenes in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Luque
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071, Cordoba, Spain.
| | | | - Ana I Vela
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Avenida de Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sanz-Tejero
- Microbiology Department EXOPOL, S.L. Pol. Río Gállego, D/8 50840, San Mateo de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 'International Excellence Agrifood Campus, CeiA3', 14071, Cordoba, Spain
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Rezanejad M, Karimi S, Momtaz H. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Trueperella pyogenes strains isolated from bovine mastitis and metritis. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:305. [PMID: 31881834 PMCID: PMC6935153 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trueperella pyogenes is one of the most clinically imperative bacteria responsible for severe cases of mastitis and metritis, particularly in postpartum dairy cows. The bacterium has emergence of antibiotic resistance and virulence characters. The existing research was done to apprise the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance and characterization of virulence factors in the T. pyogenes bacteria of bovine mastitis and metritis in postpartum cows. Methods Two-hundred and twenty-six bovine mastitic milk and 172 uterine swabs were collected and transferred to laboratory. Samples were cultured and T. pyogenes isolates were subjected to disk diffusion and DNA extraction. Distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was studied by PCR. Results Thirty-two out of 226 (14.15%) mastitic milk and forty-one out of 172 (23.83%) uterine swab samples were positive for T. pyogenes. Isolates of mastitic milk harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward gentamicin (100%), penicillin (100%), ampicillin (90.62%), amoxicillin (87.50%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.50%), while those of metritis harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), gentamicin (97.56%), penicillin (97.56%) and cefalexin (97.56%). AacC, aadA1, aadA2 and tetW were the most generally perceived antibiotic resistance genes. All bacteria harbored plo (100%) and fimA (100%) virulence factors. NanP, nanH, fimC and fimE were also the most generally perceived virulence factors. Conclusions All bacteria harbored plo and fimA virulence factors which showed that they can use as specific genetic markers with their important roles in pathogenicity of T. pyogenes bacteria. Phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was confirmed by genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Rezanejad
- Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sepideh Karimi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Gangrenous pneumonia, ovine respiratory complex and visceral form of caseous lymphadenitis: Relevance in lower respiratory tract disorders of adult sheep. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112737. [PMID: 31167367 PMCID: PMC6600626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from the species Trueperella pyogenes are a part of the biota of skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tracts of animals, but also, opportunistic pathogens. T. pyogenes causes a variety of purulent infections, such as metritis, mastitis, pneumonia, and abscesses, which, in livestock breeding, generate significant economic losses. Although this species has been known for a long time, many questions concerning the mechanisms of infection pathogenesis, as well as reservoirs and routes of transmission of bacteria, remain poorly understood. Pyolysin is a major known virulence factor of T. pyogenes that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Its cytolytic activity is associated with transmembrane pore formation. Other putative virulence factors, including neuraminidases, extracellular matrix-binding proteins, fimbriae, and biofilm formation ability, contribute to the adhesion and colonization of the host tissues. However, data about the pathogen–host interactions that may be involved in the development of T. pyogenes infection are still limited. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the pathogenic potential and virulence of T. pyogenes.
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Antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factor genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolated from pig lungs with pneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2099-2103. [PMID: 31104226 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a worldwide known pathogen of domestic ruminants and pigs causing a wide variety of infections. The objective of this study was to report the presence of major virulence genes in T. pyogenes isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs and determine their resistance to antibiotics at the same time. A total of 27 T. pyogenes strains were obtained from Jilin Province, and the nanH, nanP, cbpA, fimC, and fimE virulence genes were detected in 7 (25.9%), 14 (51.9%), 18 (66.7%), 8 (29.6%), and 16 (59.3%) isolates, respectively. All isolates were observed to harbor plo and fimA genes. However, 27 T. pyogenes strains tested negative for fimG gene. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the isolated strains had extensive drug resistance, all isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and penicillins antibiotics, and high levels of resistance were found to gentamicin (77.8%), amikacin (74.1%), erythromycin (85.2%), and azithromycin (85.2%). These results highlights the need for prudent use of specific antimicrobial agents in veterinary clinical treatment.
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de Cássia Bicudo L, Oba E, Bicudo SD, da Silva Leite D, Siqueira AK, de Souza Monobe MM, Nogueira M, de Figueiredo Pantoja JC, Listoni FJP, Ribeiro MG. Virulence factors and phylogenetic group profile of uterine Escherichia coli in early postpartum of high-producing dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common contaminant of the bovine uterus in the first few weeks postpartum, and one of the most important pathogens involved in uterine infections. This bacterium is characterised by diverse virulence factors (VF); however, the profile of E. coli VF in physiologic postpartum uterine contamination is not well established. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intrauterine bacteria, a set of virulence factors and phylogroups of E. coli isolates, leukogram and uterine cytology in 75 Holstein cows at 24 h (Sampling time 1) and 14 days (Sampling time 2) postpartum. Escherichia coli, α-haemolytic Streptococcus, Trueperella pyogenes, and Pasteurella multocida were the most common microorganisms isolated in pure culture, whereas E. coli and Clostridium perfringens Type A, E. coli and α-haemolytic Streptococcus, and E. coli and Proteus mirabilis were the most frequent microorganisms in mixed colonies at both studied sampling times. In the 59 E. coli isolates after 24 h (n = 35) and 14 days (n = 24) postpartum, the genes detected for VF were fimH, iucD/aer, kps, hlyA, usp, vt1 and vt2. Most E. coli strains detected in both moments of study belonged to Commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1, whereas Pathogenic groups D and B2 were identified at 24 h and 14 days postpartum respectively. All cows presented suitable immune response against the presence of bacteria in uterine lumen, observed by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis at leukogram and a high number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in uterine cytology, in both studied moments. Thus, a complex diversity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is involved in uterine contamination in the early postpartum of cows, besides the predominance of E. coli. Moreover, the genes fimH, iucD/aer, hlyA, kps, usp, vt1 and vt2 play a key role in the virulence of E. coli in this period.
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Liu M, Wang B, Liang H, Ma B, Wang J, Zhang W. Determination of the expression of three fimbrial subunit proteins in cultured Trueperella pyogenes. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:53. [PMID: 30208923 PMCID: PMC6134790 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trueperella pyogenes is a commensal and a significant opportunistic pathogen in animals. A variety of identified or putative virulence factors are considered to significantly contribute to the occurrence of T. pyogenes infection in different species. However, these virulence factors are not fully understood. Results In the current study, the genes encoding putative fimbrial proteins, i.e. Fim A, Fim C, and Fim E, were cloned. Recombinant Fim A (rFim A), Fim C (rFim C), and Fim E (rFim E) were prepared and used to generate rabbit anti-rFim A, anti-rFim C, and anti-rFim E serum, respectively. Using these sera, we found that only Fim E was constitutively expressed in T. pyogenes. The expression level of Fim E in T. pyogenes peaked within 6–10 h of culture period in pH 7.5. Fim E protein expression was unaffected by anaerobic condition, but was inhibited by the microaerophilic condition. Tube agglutination tests indicated that Fim E was exhibited on the surface of T. pyogenes cells because anti-rFim E serum caused strong agglutination. Additionally, the blots for Fim A detection showed nonspecific reactions. Furthermore, the tube agglutination tests showed that anti-Fim A serum failed to cause agglutination of T. pyogenes cells, which indicated that Fim A was not, or poorly, expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. Anti-rFim C serum caused strong agglutination. However, the blots for Fim C detection showed a strong nonspecific reaction. Thus, the expression of Fim C was difficult to be determined using the current method. Conclusions Fim E was expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. However, Fim A was either not or poorly expressed in cultured T. pyogenes. Moreover, Fim C expression was not determined using the current strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0407-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Trueperella pyogenes and Brucella abortus Coinfection in a Dog and a Cat on a Dairy Farm in Egypt with Recurrent Cases of Mastitis and Abortion. Vet Med Int 2018; 2018:2056436. [PMID: 29755726 PMCID: PMC5884020 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2056436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from a dog and a cat with a mixed infection with Brucella abortus. Both lived on a dairy cattle farm with a history of regular cases of abortion and mastitis. Identification of the bacteria was done by means of MALDI-TOF MS, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on cpn60, partial 16S rRNA sequencing, and growth on Loeffler Serum Medium. Isolation of Trueperella pyogenes on the dairy farm highlights its neglected role in reproduction failure and draws attention to its effects in the dairy industry in Egypt. Diagnosis and control of abortion in Egypt should include Trueperella pyogenes as one of possible causes of abortion.
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Rogovskyy AS, Lawhon S, Kuczmanski K, Gillis DC, Wu J, Hurley H, Rogovska YV, Konganti K, Yang CY, Duncan K. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from ruminants. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018. [PMID: 29528808 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718762479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes suppurative infections in animals including humans. Data on phenotypic and genotypic properties of T. pyogenes isolated from ruminants, particularly goats and sheep, are lacking. We characterized, by phenotypic and genotypic means, T. pyogenes of caprine and ovine origin, and established their phylogenetic relationship with isolates from other ruminants. T. pyogenes isolates ( n = 50) from diagnostic specimens of bovine ( n = 25), caprine ( n = 19), and ovine ( n = 6) origin were analyzed. Overall, variable biochemical activities were observed among the T. pyogenes isolates. The fimbriae-encoding gene, fimE, and neuraminidase-encoding gene, nanH, were, respectively, more frequently detected in the large ( p = 0.0006) and small ( p = 0.0001) ruminant isolates. Moreover, genotype V ( plo/ nanH/ nanP/ fimA/ fimC) was only detected in the caprine and ovine isolates, whereas genotype IX ( plo/ nanP/ fimA/ fimC/ fimE) was solely present in the isolates of bovine origin ( p = 0.0223). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of all T. pyogenes isolates were clustered with the reference T. pyogenes strain ATCC 19411 and displayed a high degree of identity to each other. Our results highlight phenotypic and genotypic diversity among ruminant isolates of T. pyogenes and reinforce the importance of characterization of more clinical isolates to better understand the pathogenesis of this bacterium in different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sara Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kathryn Kuczmanski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David C Gillis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Helen Hurley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ching-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kay Duncan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Gillis, Rogovska), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rogovskyy, Lawhon, Wu, Hurley, Yang, Duncan), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Kuczmanski), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society (Konganti), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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