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Cardinali I, Giontella A, Tommasi A, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H. Unlocking Horse Y Chromosome Diversity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122272. [PMID: 36553539 PMCID: PMC9777570 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present equine genetic variation mirrors the deep influence of intensive breeding programs during the last 200 years. Here, we provide a comprehensive current state of knowledge on the trends and prospects on the variation in the equine male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), which was assembled for the first time in 2018. In comparison with the other 12 mammalian species, horses are now the most represented, with 56 documented MSY genes. However, in contrast to the high variability in mitochondrial DNA observed in many horse breeds from different geographic areas, modern horse populations demonstrate extremely low genetic Y-chromosome diversity. The selective pressures employed by breeders using pedigree data (which are not always error-free) as a predictive tool represent the main cause of this lack of variation in the Y-chromosome. Nevertheless, the detailed phylogenies obtained by recent fine-scaled Y-chromosomal genotyping in many horse breeds worldwide have contributed to addressing the genealogical, forensic, and population questions leading to the reappraisal of the Y-chromosome as a powerful genetic marker to avoid the loss of biodiversity as a result of selective breeding practices, and to better understand the historical development of horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giontella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Tommasi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Population Genetic Diversity and Structure of Ancient Tree Populations of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis Based on RAD-seq Data. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research highlights: Our study is the first to explore the genetic composition of ancient Cryptomeria trees across a distribution range in China. Background and objectives: Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis is a native forest species of China; it is widely planted in the south of the country to create forests and for wood production. Unlike Cryptomeria in Japan, genetic Chinese Cryptomeria has seldom been studied, although there is ample evidence of its great ecological and economic value. Materials and methods: Because of overcutting, natural populations are rare in the wild. In this study, we investigated seven ancient tree populations to explore the genetic composition of Chinese Cryptomeria through ddRAD-seq technology. Results: The results reveal a lower genetic variation but higher genetic differentiation (Ho = 0.143, FST = 0.1204) than Japanese Cryptomeria (Ho = 0.245, FST = 0.0455). The 86% within-population variation is based on an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Significant excess heterozygosity was detected in three populations and some outlier loci were found; these were considered to be the consequence of selection or chance. Structure analysis and dendrogram construction divided the seven ancient tree populations into four groups corresponding to the geographical provinces in which the populations are located, but there was no obvious correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. A demographic history analysis conducted by a Stairway Plot showed that the effective population size of Chinese Cryptomeria had experienced a continuing decline from the mid-Pleistocene to the present. Our findings suggest that the strong genetic drift caused by climate fluctuation and intense anthropogenic disturbance together contributed to the current low diversity and structure. Considering the species’ unfavorable conservation status, strategies are urgently required to preserve the remaining genetic resources.
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Lado S, Elbers JP, Doskocil A, Scaglione D, Trucchi E, Banabazi MH, Almathen F, Saitou N, Ciani E, Burger PA. Genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:387. [PMID: 32678279 PMCID: PMC7366924 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. With increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. As previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in dromedaries across Asia and Africa by adopting a genome-wide approach. Global patterns of effective migration rates revealed pathways of dispersal after domestication, following historic caravan routes like the Silk and Incense Roads. Our results show that a Pleistocene bottleneck and Medieval expansions during the rise of the Ottoman empire have shaped genome-wide diversity in modern dromedaries. By understanding subtle population structure we recognize the value of small, locally adapted populations and appeal for securing genomic diversity for a sustainable utilization of this key desert species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lado
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean Pierre Elbers
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Doskocil
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Scaglione
- IGA Technology Services, Via Jacopo Linussio, 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3146618361, Iran
| | - Faisal Almathen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
- The Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naruya Saitou
- Population Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Elena Ciani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Pamela Anna Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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Sackman JE, Houpt KA. Equine Personality: Association With Breed, Use, and Husbandry Factors. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:47-55. [PMID: 30929783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Temperament can be defined as innate properties of the nervous system, whereas personality includes the complex behavioral traits acquired through life. Association between personality and behavior is important for breeding, selection, and training of horses. For the first time, we evaluated if equine personality components previously identified in Japan and Europe were consistent when applied to American horses. We examined the association of personality with breed, age, sex, management, training, stereotypies, and misbehaviors. The owner directed personality survey consisted of 25 questions. An online version of the survey was created. The principal component analysis method was used to associate behavioral traits with personality components. Factor analysis with orthogonal transformation was performed on scores for personality-related questions. A total of 847 survey responses were used. Quarter Horses, "other" breed, and Thoroughbred were the most common breeds. Three principal personality components were extracted as each behavioral trait belonged to one of these three components. Arabians, Thoroughbreds, Saddlebreds, and Walking horses were the most nervous and Quarter Horses, and Paints, Appaloosas, and Drafts were the least nervous. No trained discipline was significantly associated with any personality component. There were no significant associations between stereotypies and misbehaviors and nervous or curious personality. For the first time in predominantly American horses, we have evaluated personality components and their association with breed, age, sex, training discipline, and stereotypies. We refute links between personality and trained discipline and confirm the lack of association between nervous personality and stereotypies and misbehaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Sackman
- Exponent, Farmington Hills, MI; Behavior Medicine Service, Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Southfield, MI.
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Yoon SH, Lee W, Ahn H, Caetano-Anolles K, Park KD, Kim H. Origin and spread of Thoroughbred racehorses inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences: Phylogenomic and Bayesian coalescent perspectives. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203917. [PMID: 30216366 PMCID: PMC6138400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thoroughbred horse breed was developed primarily for racing, and has a significant contribution to the qualitative improvement of many other horse breeds. Despite the importance of Thoroughbred racehorses in historical, cultural, and economical viewpoints, there was no temporal and spatial dynamics of them using the mitogenome sequences. To explore this topic, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 14 Thoroughbreds and two Przewalski’s horses were determined. These sequences were analyzed together along with 151 previously published horse mitochondrial genomes from a range of breeds across the globe using a Bayesian coalescent approach as well as Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The racing horses were revealed to have multiple maternal origins and to be closely related to horses from one Asian, two Middle Eastern, and five European breeds. Thoroughbred horse breed was not directly related to the Przewalski’s horse which has been regarded as the closest taxon to the all domestic horses and the only true wild horse species left in the world. Our phylogenomic analyses also supported that there was no apparent correlation between geographic origin or breed and the evolution of global horses. The most recent common ancestor of the Thoroughbreds lived approximately 8,100–111,500 years ago, which was significantly younger than the most recent common ancestor of modern horses (0.7286 My). Bayesian skyline plot revealed that the population expansion of modern horses, including Thoroughbreds, occurred approximately 5,500–11,000 years ago, which coincide with the start of domestication. This is the first phylogenomic study on the Thoroughbred racehorse in association with its spatio-temporal dynamics. The database and genetic history information of Thoroughbred mitogenomes obtained from the present study provide useful information for future horse improvement projects, as well as for the study of horse genomics, conservation, and in association with its geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hee Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonju Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey Caetano-Anolles
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Do Park
- The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Mobility is one of the most important processes shaping spatiotemporal patterns of variation in genetic, morphological, and cultural traits. However, current approaches for inferring past migration episodes in the fields of archaeology and population genetics lack either temporal resolution or formal quantification of the underlying mobility, are poorly suited to spatially and temporally sparsely sampled data, and permit only limited systematic comparison between different time periods or geographic regions. Here we present an estimator of past mobility that addresses these issues by explicitly linking trait differentiation in space and time. We demonstrate the efficacy of this estimator using spatiotemporally explicit simulations and apply it to a large set of ancient genomic data from Western Eurasia. We identify a sequence of changes in human mobility from the Late Pleistocene to the Iron Age. We find that mobility among European Holocene farmers was significantly higher than among European hunter-gatherers both pre- and postdating the Last Glacial Maximum. We also infer that this Holocene rise in mobility occurred in at least three distinct stages: the first centering on the well-known population expansion at the beginning of the Neolithic, and the second and third centering on the beginning of the Bronze Age and the late Iron Age, respectively. These findings suggest a strong link between technological change and human mobility in Holocene Western Eurasia and demonstrate the utility of this framework for exploring changes in mobility through space and time.
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Wallner B, Palmieri N, Vogl C, Rigler D, Bozlak E, Druml T, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Fries R, Tetens J, Thaller G, Metzger J, Distl O, Lindgren G, Rubin CJ, Andersson L, Schaefer R, McCue M, Neuditschko M, Rieder S, Schlötterer C, Brem G. Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2029-2035.e5. [PMID: 28669755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Nicola Palmieri
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria; Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Doris Rigler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Elif Bozlak
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Druml
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Fries
- Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany; Functional Breeding Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Rubin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4461, USA
| | - Robert Schaefer
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Molly McCue
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Stefan Rieder
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, Avenches 1580, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses. Genetics 2017; 204:423-434. [PMID: 27729493 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.194860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The horse was domesticated only 5.5 KYA, thousands of years after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The horse nonetheless represents the domestic animal that most impacted human history; providing us with rapid transportation, which has considerably changed the speed and magnitude of the circulation of goods and people, as well as their cultures and diseases. By revolutionizing warfare and agriculture, horses also deeply influenced the politico-economic trajectory of human societies. Reciprocally, human activities have circled back on the recent evolution of the horse, by creating hundreds of domestic breeds through selective programs, while leading all wild populations to near extinction. Despite being tightly associated with humans, several aspects in the evolution of the domestic horse remain controversial. Here, we review recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics that helped advance our understanding of the genetic foundation of domestic horses.
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Yoon SH, Kim J, Shin D, Cho S, Kwak W, Lee HK, Park KD, Kim H. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Korean native horse from Jeju Island: uncovering the spatio-temporal dynamics. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:233-242. [PMID: 28432484 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Korean native horse (Jeju horse) is one of the most important animals in Korean historical, cultural, and economical viewpoints. In the early 1980s, the Jeju horse was close to extinction. The aim of this study is to explore the phylogenomics of Korean native horse focusing on spatio-temporal dynamics. We determined complete mitochondrial genome sequences for the first Korean native (n = 6) and additional Mongolian (n = 2) horses. Those sequences were analyzed together with 143 published ones using Bayesian coalescent approach as well as three different phylogenetic analysis methods, Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining methods. The phylogenomic trees revealed that the Korean native horses had multiple origins and clustered together with some horses from four European and one Middle Eastern breeds. Our phylogenomic analyses also supported that there was no apparent association between breed or geographic location and the evolution of global horses. Time of the most recent common ancestor of the Korean native horse was approximately 13,200-63,200 years, which was much younger than 0.696 My of modern horses. Additionally, our results showed that all global horse lineages including Korean native horse existed prior to their domestication events occurred in about 6000-10,000 years ago. This is the first study on phylogenomics of the Korean native horse focusing on spatio-temporal dynamics. Our findings increase our understanding of the domestication history of the Korean native horses, and could provide useful information for horse conservation projects as well as for horse genomics, emergence, and the geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Hee Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Mt.4-2, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, NakSeoungDae, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- The Animal Genomics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Do Park
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. .,C&K Genomics, Seoul National University Mt.4-2, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, NakSeoungDae, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
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Amiri Ghanatsaman Z, Adeola AC, Asadi Fozi M, Ma YP, Peng MS, Wang GD, Esmailizadeh A, Zhang YP. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Iranian native dogs. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:394-402. [PMID: 28303732 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1289375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The dog mtDNA diversity picture from wide geographical sampling but from a small number of individuals per region or breed, displayed little geographical correlation and high degree of haplotype sharing between very distant breeds. For a clear picture, we extensively surveyed Iranian native dogs (n = 305) in comparison with published European (n = 443) and Southwest Asian (n = 195) dogs. Twelve haplotypes related to haplogroups A, B and C were shared by Iranian, European, Southwest Asian and East Asian dogs. In Iran, haplotype and nucleotide diversities were highest in east, southeast and northwest populations while western population had the least. Sarabi and Saluki dog populations can be assigned into haplogroups A, B, C and D; Qahderijani and Kurdi to haplogroups A, B and C, Torkaman to haplogroups A, B and D while Sangsari and Fendo into haplogroups A and B, respectively. Evaluation of population differentiation using pairwise FST generally revealed no clear population structure in most Iranian dog populations. The genetic signal of a recent demographic expansion was detected in East and Southeast populations. Further, in accordance with previous studies on dog-wolf hybridization for haplogroup d2 origin, the highest number of d2 haplotypes in Iranian dog as compared to other areas of Mediterranean basin suggests Iran as the probable center of its origin. Historical evidence showed that Silk Road linked Iran to countries in South East Asia and other parts of the world, which might have probably influenced effective gene flow within Iran and these regions. The medium nucleotide diversity observed in Iranian dog calls for utilization of appropriate management techniques in increasing effective population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,b Yong Researchers Society , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - Adeniyi C Adeola
- c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Masood Asadi Fozi
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - Ya-Ping Ma
- d State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan , Yunnan University , Kunming , China
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- c State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,d State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan , Yunnan University , Kunming , China
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Elbeltagy A, Aboul-Naga A, Hassen H, Rischkowsky B, Mwacharo J. Genetic diversity and structure in Egyptian indigenous sheep populations mirror patterns of anthropological interactions. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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