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Ferlian O, Goldmann K, Bonkowski M, Dumack K, Wubet T, Eisenhauer N. Invasive earthworms shift soil microbial community structure in northern North American forest ecosystems. iScience 2024; 27:108889. [PMID: 38322986 PMCID: PMC10844042 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive earthworms colonize ecosystems around the globe. Compared to other species' invasions, earthworm invasions have received little attention. Previous studies indicated their tremendous effects on resident soil biota representing a major part of the terrestrial biodiversity. We investigated effects of earthworm invasion on soil microbial communities in three forests in North America by conducting DNA sequencing of soil bacteria, fungi, and protists in two soil depths. Our study shows that microbial diversity was lower in highly invaded forest areas. While bacterial diversity was strongly affected compared to fungi and protists, fungal community composition and family dominance were strongly affected compared to bacteria and protists. We found most species specialized on invasion in fungi, mainly represented by saprotrophs. Comparably, few protist species, mostly bacterivorous, were specialized on invasion. As one of the first observational studies, we investigated earthworm invasion on three kingdoms showing distinct taxa- and trophic level-specific responses to earthworm invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Guerra CA, Berdugo M, Eldridge DJ, Eisenhauer N, Singh BK, Cui H, Abades S, Alfaro FD, Bamigboye AR, Bastida F, Blanco-Pastor JL, de Los Ríos A, Durán J, Grebenc T, Illán JG, Liu YR, Makhalanyane TP, Mamet S, Molina-Montenegro MA, Moreno JL, Mukherjee A, Nahberger TU, Peñaloza-Bojacá GF, Plaza C, Picó S, Verma JP, Rey A, Rodríguez A, Tedersoo L, Teixido AL, Torres-Díaz C, Trivedi P, Wang J, Wang L, Wang J, Zaady E, Zhou X, Zhou XQ, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Global hotspots for soil nature conservation. Nature 2022; 610:693-698. [PMID: 36224389 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems1. However, unlike for plants and animals, a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking2. This hampers our ability to establish nature conservation priorities for the multiple dimensions that support the soil system: from soil biodiversity to ecosystem services. Here, to identify global hotspots for soil nature conservation, we performed a global field survey that includes observations of biodiversity (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and functions (critical for six ecosystem services) in 615 composite samples of topsoil from a standardized survey in all continents. We found that each of the different ecological dimensions of soils-that is, species richness (alpha diversity, measured as amplicon sequence variants), community dissimilarity and ecosystem services-peaked in contrasting regions of the planet, and were associated with different environmental factors. Temperate ecosystems showed the highest species richness, whereas community dissimilarity peaked in the tropics, and colder high-latitudinal ecosystems were identified as hotspots of ecosystem services. These findings highlight the complexities that are involved in simultaneously protecting multiple ecological dimensions of soil. We further show that most of these hotspots are not adequately covered by protected areas (more than 70%), and are vulnerable in the context of several scenarios of global change. Our global estimation of priorities for soil nature conservation highlights the importance of accounting for the multidimensionality of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services to conserve soils for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environment Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haiying Cui
- Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China.,Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Sebastian Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Asunción de Los Ríos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Durán
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Javier G Illán
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Steven Mamet
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.,CEAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - José L Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Picó
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ana Rey
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (GI BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Juntao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin-Quan Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain. .,Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
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Kalwani M, Chakdar H, Srivastava A, Pabbi S, Shukla P. Effects of nanofertilizers on soil and plant-associated microbial communities: Emerging trends and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132107. [PMID: 34492409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern agricultural practices are relying excessively upon the use of synthetic fertilizers to supply essential nutrients to promote crop productivity. Though useful in the short term, their prolonged and persistent applications are harmful to soil fertility and nutrient dynamics of the rhizospheric microbiome. The application of nanotechnology in form of nanofertilizer provides an innovative, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The nanofertilizers allow a slow and sustained release of nutrients that not only supports plant growth but also conserve the diversity of the beneficial microbiome. Such attributes may help the phytomicrobiome to efficiently mitigate both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Unfortunately, despite, exceptional efficiency and ease of applications, certain limitations are also associated with the nanofertilizers such as their complicated production process, tenuous transport and dosage-sensitive efficiency. These bottlenecks are causing a delay in the large-scale applications of nanofertilizers in agriculture. This review aims to highlight the current trends and perspectives on the use of nanofertilizers for improving soil fertility with a special focus on their effects on beneficial phyromicrobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohneesh Kalwani
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Wyckhuys KAG, Nguyen H, Fonte SJ. Artefactual depiction of predator-prey trophic linkages in global soils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23861. [PMID: 34903745 PMCID: PMC8668944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil invertebrates contribute to multiple ecosystem services, including pest control, nutrient cycling, and soil structural regulation, yet trophic interactions that determine their diversity and activity in soils remain critically understudied. Here, we systematically review literature (1966-2020) on feeding habits of soil arthropods and macrofauna and summarize empirically studied predator-prey linkages across ecosystem types, geographies and taxa. Out of 522 unique predators and 372 prey organisms (constituting 1947 predator-prey linkages), the vast majority (> 75%) are only covered in a single study. We report a mean of just 3.0 ± 4.7 documented linkages per organism, with pronounced taxonomic biases. In general, model organisms and crop pests (generally Insecta) are well-studied, while important soil-dwelling predators, fungivores and detritivores (e.g., Collembola, Chilopoda and Malacostraca) remain largely ignored. We argue that broader food-web based research approaches, considering multiple linkages per organism and targeting neglected taxa, are needed to inform science-driven management of soil communities and associated ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Center for Agricultural Research and Ecological Studies, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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