Rendon CJ, Watts SW, Contreras GA. PVAT adipocyte: energizing, modulating, and structuring vascular function during normotensive and hypertensive states.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2025;
328:H1204-H1217. [PMID:
40250838 PMCID:
PMC12125700 DOI:
10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2025]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
Hypertension represents the most common form of cardiovascular disease. It is characterized by significant remodeling of the various layers of the vascular system, including the outermost layer: the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Given the tissue's pivotal role in regulating blood pressure, a comprehensive understanding of the changes that occur within PVAT during the progression of hypertension is essential. This article reviews the mechanisms through which PVAT modulates blood pressure, including the secretion of bioactive soluble factors, provision of mechanical support, and adipose-specific functions such as adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, this review emphasizes the influence of hypertension on each of these regulatory mechanisms, thereby providing a deeper insight into the pathophysiological interplay between hypertension and PVAT biology.
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