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Li Y, Li J, Xieripu G, Rizk MA, Macalanda AMC, Gan L, Ren J, Mohanta UK, El-Sayed SAES, Chahan B, Xuan X, Guo Q. Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis, Anaplasma ovis, and Rickettsia spp. in Rhipicephalus turanicus and Hyalomma anatolicum Collected from Sheep in Southern Xinjiang, China. Pathogens 2024; 13:680. [PMID: 39204280 PMCID: PMC11356840 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) borders eight countries and has a complex geographic environment. There are almost 45.696 million herded sheep in Xinjiang, which occupies 13.80% of China's sheep farming industry. However, there is a scarcity of reports investigating the role of sheep or ticks in Xinjiang in transmitting tick-borne diseases (TBDs). A total of 894 ticks (298 tick pools) were collected from sheep in southern Xinjiang. Out of the 298 tick pools investigated in this study, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Rh. turanicus) and Hyalomma anatolicum (H. anatolicum) were identified through morphological and molecular sequencing. In the southern part of Xinjiang, 142 (47.65%), 86 (28.86%), and 60 (20.13%) tick pools were positive for Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp., respectively. Interestingly, the infection rate of Rickettsia spp. (73%, 35.10%, and 28.56-41.64%) was higher in Rh. turanicus pools than in H. anatolicum pools (4%, 4.44%, and 0.10-8.79%) in this study. Fifty-one tick pools were found to harbor two pathogens, while nineteen tick pools were detected to have the three pathogens. Our findings indicate the presence of Rickettsia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. potentially transmitted by H. anatolicum and Rh. turanicus in sheep in southern Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Li
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
| | - Jianlong Li
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Gulaimubaier Xieripu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adrian Miki C. Macalanda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
- Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Philippines
| | - Lu Gan
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Jichao Ren
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher–e–Bangla Agricultural University, Sher–e–Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Bayin Chahan
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (M.A.R.); (A.M.C.M.); (U.K.M.); (S.A.E.-S.E.-S.)
| | - Qingyong Guo
- Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (G.X.); (L.G.); (J.R.); (B.C.)
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D'Cruz S, Sreedevi K, Lynette C, Gunasekaran K, Prakash JAJ. Climate influences scrub typhus occurrence in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: analysis of a 15-year dataset. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1532. [PMID: 38233417 PMCID: PMC10794692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate is one of the major factors determining the prevalence and seasonality of vector borne diseases like scrub typhus (ST). We analyzed, the association of the meteorological factors like temperature, rainfall and humidity with scrub typhus using the 15 years scrub typhus data from a tertiary care hospital in Vellore, South India. Demographic data of permanent residents of Vellore, who had IgM ELISA results for scrub typhus for the time period of May 2005 to April 2020 were included. Meteorological data was correlated with the monthly scrub typhus cases; negative binomial regression model was used to predict the relation between scrub typhus occurrence and climate factors. Maximum number of ST cases were reported between the months August and February with October recording the highest number of cases. Elderly people, farmers, agricultural workers and housewives were at higher risk for scrub typhus. For an increase of 1 °C in mean temperature, the monthly ST cases reduced by 18.8% (95% CI - 24.1, - 13.2%). On the contrary, for 1 percent increase in mean relative humidity (RH), there is an increase of 7.6% (95% CI 5.4, 9.9%) of monthly ST cases. Similarly, an increase of 1 mm of rainfall contributed to 0.5 to 0.7% of monthly ST cases (after 2 months) depending on the variables included in the analysis. This study provides information that meteorological factors influence ST occurrence in Vellore. The rise of scrub typhus cases is maximal 2 months post rainfall. Whereas a rise in relative humidity, causes a rise in scrub typhus cases in same month, while rise in temperature has a negative impact on scrub typhus during the same month. These findings based on a retrospective analysis need validation by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon D'Cruz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Kotamreddy Sreedevi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Cheryl Lynette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Ragini G, Raju HK, Krishnamoorthi R, Elango A, Muthukumaravel S, Kumar A. The Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections of Public Health Importance in Hard Tick ( Ixodidae) Nymphs Collected from the Forest Fringes of Western Ghats in the Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra States of India. Microorganisms 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 38257879 PMCID: PMC10819270 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the human tick-borne bacterial infections in the nymphs which were collected from Western Ghats' fringe forest areas. Tick nymphs were collected using the flagging method from the villages where cases Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) were previously reported in the states of Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra. A total of 200 tick pools consisting of 4587 nymphs were tested by PCR for the detection of bacteria of public health importance, such as Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. Of these, four pools (4.8%) in Karnataka and three pools (4.4%) in Maharashtra were positive for Coxiella burnetii, while none of the samples from Goa state were positive. Rickettsia spp. were positively obtained from Maharashtra (51.5%), Goa (35.42%) and Karnataka (26.19%). The sequence results of Rickettsia spp. showed similarity to the spotted fever group Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii, Rickettsia conorii subsp. heilongjiangensis and Rickettsia spp. strain koreansis. Individuals are entering into the forest areas for various reasons are more likely to infect with Coxiella burnetii. and Rickettsia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnanasekar Ragini
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Hari Kishan Raju
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Ranganathan Krishnamoorthi
- Climate Change, GIS and VBD Stratification/Mapping, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India; (G.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Ayyanar Elango
- Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India;
| | - Subramanian Muthukumaravel
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605 006, India;
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 605102, India;
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