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Brooks SK, Patel D, Greenberg N. "Exceptionally challenging time for all of us": Qualitative study of the COVID-19 experiences of partners of diplomatic personnel. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293557. [PMID: 37917599 PMCID: PMC10621840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the romantic partners of diplomatic personnel frequently accompany their spouses to overseas postings and face the challenges of having to adjust to new cultures and separation from friends and family, they have rarely been the focus of academic research. This study explores the lived experiences of the partners/spouses of diplomatic personnel from the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Partners of FCDO staff took part in semi-structured interviews about how COVID-19 had affected their lives and their perceptions of the organisation's response to the pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Eleven partners of FCDO staff took part, who between them had lived in 14 different countries during the pandemic. The analysis identified six key themes: deployment-specific challenges such as travel restrictions, quarantine and evacuation; children; impacts of the pandemic including financial and psychological; perceptions of the organisational response to COVID-19; support and help-seeking; and suggestions for the future. Overall participants reported experiencing a number of challenges, many of which left them feeling powerless and not in control of their own lives. Participants frequently described a lack of clarity around policies and support. Social support appeared to be valuable, but many participants wanted more support from the organisation and from informal networks. CONCLUSIONS Diplomatic (and similar) organisations could enhance the wellbeing of the partners of their staff through improved communication and support. Keeping families informed about restrictions, requirements, policies and available help during a crisis, and reaching out to them to offer advice and support, would likely be beneficial. It is important that lessons are learned from the COVID-19 crisis in order for organisations to be able to support their employees and families if another prolonged crisis were to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipti Patel
- Overseas Health and Welfare, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Knobloch LK, Monk JK, MacDermid Wadsworth SM. Relationship Maintenance among Military Couples. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:734-772. [PMID: 37200941 PMCID: PMC10191153 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A burgeoning body of research on the relationship maintenance of military couples over the past two decades suggests the time is right to organize, assimilate, and critique the literature. We conducted a systematic review informed by the integrative model of relationship maintenance (Ogolsky et al., 2017) that considered issues of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991). Our literature search identified 81 relevant journal articles representing 62 unique samples. With respect to theory, 59.3% of the journal articles employed one or more formal theoretical frameworks. In terms of research design, 88.7% of the studies focused on the U.S. military, 83.9% of the studies recruited convenience samples, 54.8% of the studies utilized quantitative methods, and 30.6% of the studies collected longitudinal data. Among the studies reporting sample demographics, 96.8% of participants were married, 77.2% of participants identified as non-Hispanic White, and only one same-sex relationship was represented. Our narrative synthesis integrated findings about relationship maintenance from studies examining (a) relationship maintenance overtly, (b) communicating to stay connected across the deployment cycle, (c) disclosure and protective buffering, (d) support from a partner, (e) dyadic coping, and (f) caregiving and accommodating a partner's symptoms. We interpret our results with an eye toward advancing theory, research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Kale Monk
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri
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Alves-Costa F, Lane R, Gribble R, Taylor A, Fear NT, MacManus D. Help-seeking for Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse: Experiences of Civilian Partners of UK Military Personnel. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 38:509-525. [PMID: 35399200 PMCID: PMC8982908 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) is more prevalent among military populations compared with civilian populations. However, there has been limited research into the help-seeking experiences of civilian victim-survivors who have experienced IPVA within relationships with military personnel. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of, and barriers to, help-seeking for IPVA victimisation among civilian partners of military personnel in order to identify strategies to improve the management of IPVA both within the military and civilian sectors. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design and used qualitative research methods. One-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with civilian victim-survivors (n = 25) between January and August 2018. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Three superordinate themes were derived: (1) Drivers to help-seeking; (2) Barriers to help-seeking; and (3) Experiences of services. The findings indicate difficulties in help-seeking for IPVA among civilian partners of military personnel due to stigma, fear, dependency, poor understanding of IPVA, lack of appropriate and timely support, and a perceived lack of victim support. Difficulties in help-seeking were perceived by participants to be amplified by military culture, public perceptions of the military, military protection of personnel and the lack of coordination between civilian and military judicial services. This study reinforces the need for a military specific Domestic Abuse strategy, identifies vulnerable groups and highlights a need for both increased awareness and understanding of IPVA within civilian and military services in order to provide adequate victim protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Alves-Costa
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AB UK
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AB UK
| | - Rachael Gribble
- King‘s Centre for Military Health Research, King‘s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Anna Taylor
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- King‘s Centre for Military Health Research, King‘s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Deirdre MacManus
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AB UK
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Schuman DL, Highfill C, Johnson A, Henderson S, Ognyanova P. Scoping Review: Ethical Considerations in Online Ethnographic Research With Military Populations. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 16:374-388. [PMID: 34424786 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211038161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Researchers using online ethnographic methods to study military communities must employ higher standards of ethical practice. Military populations may face significant risk if reidentified in research. These requirements are especially salient for online data collection. This review questions how and to what extent military online ethnographers are addressing ethics considerations. We charted evidence from seven military studies using an online ethnographic method. Findings reveal that most online military ethnographers did not utilize sufficient ethical safeguards in their studies. Additionally, they did not document or transparently disclose the ethical steps they may have taken. This study argues implementing ethical safeguards is especially important for protecting vulnerable military populations. We present a strategy for evaluating ethics practices in online ethnographic research and provide best practices for military online ethnographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Schuman
- School of Social Work, 12329University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Christine Highfill
- School of Social Work, 12329University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Amy Johnson
- School of Education and the Arts, 6939Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
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Mailey EL, Irwin BC, Joyce JM, Hsu W. InDependent but not Alone: A Web‐Based Intervention to Promote Physical and Mental Health among Military Spouses. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 11:562-583. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gribble R, Goodwin L, Oram S, Fear NT. 'It's nice to just be you': The influence of the employment experiences of UK military spouses during accompanied postings on well-being. Health Psychol Open 2019; 6:2055102919838909. [PMID: 30967960 PMCID: PMC6445049 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919838909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated military relocations (accompanied postings) can have a detrimental
effect on employment and well-being among the spouses and partners of military
personnel. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 19 spouses
of British Army/Royal Air Force personnel with recent experience of accompanied
postings to explore this issue through the lens of self-determination theory;
all were married women with at least one child. Participants explained how
employment contributed to an independent identity, enabling social
connectedness, providing a sense of self-confidence and value but limiting
agency over employment decisions. Spouse employment, and therefore, well-being
could be improved by the provision of better childcare access or additional
support in finding employment and training opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gribble
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sian Oram
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Mailey EL, Mershon C, Joyce J, Irwin BC. "Everything else comes first": a mixed-methods analysis of barriers to health behaviors among military spouses. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1013. [PMID: 30111307 PMCID: PMC6094922 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Military spouses are integral to the health of their families, but have demonstrated elevated levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Participating in health behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating may have a positive impact on spouses’ physical and mental health, but emerging evidence suggests spouses’ participation in these behaviors is scarce. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the most frequently reported barriers to health behaviors among military spouses. Methods Military spouses were recruited to complete surveys (N = 230) or participate in focus group sessions (N = 22). On the surveys, participants indicated up to 3 of their most frequent barriers to physical activity, diet, social connection, and stress management. Responses were coded and summed to identify the most commonly reported barriers to each health behavior. Subsequently, focus group sessions were conducted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the challenges military spouses face when trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Focus group transcripts were coded using thematic data analysis to identify the most frequently discussed barriers for each behavior. Results On the surveys, lack of time was the most prevalent barrier for physical activity, social connection, and stress management, and the second most prevalent barrier for diet. Financial concerns were the most prevalent barrier to maintaining a healthy diet. Barriers related to parent/family responsibilities were commonly reported across all health behaviors. During the focus group sessions, the transient military lifestyle was reported to have a significant impact on all of the health behaviors. Other military-related stressors including deployments and the necessity to “do it all” alone were frequently discussed. Many participants exhibited rigid definitions of what “counts” as exercise or health eating. Overall, participants reported sacrificing participation in health behaviors to attend to other priorities. Conclusions Military spouses reported numerous barriers to health behaviors that made it difficult for them to prioritize their own health and well-being. Although some of the barriers reported were similar to barriers reported by civilians, unique stressors associated with military life further impeded participation in health behaviors. These findings can be used to inform future health promotion interventions for military spouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 8 Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Carrie Mershon
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 8 Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jillian Joyce
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, 213 Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Brandon C Irwin
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 8 Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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McNulty Y, Vance CM, Fisher K. Beyond corporate expatriation - global mobility in the sports, religious, education and non-profit sectors. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-04-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wong K, Patel P, Cohen MB, Levi JR. Breastfeeding Infants with Ankyloglossia: Insight into Mothers' Experiences. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:86-90. [PMID: 28061033 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding difficulty from ankyloglossia can affect both the mother and baby in a breastfeeding dyad. With renewed emphasis in today's culture on breast milk, mothers may feel increasing pressure to breastfeed, and the inability for some to do so may cause significant distress. Recently, online parenting forums have seen exponential growth; these forums allow mothers to connect with peers undergoing similar life transitions. The purpose of this study was to review online discussions regarding ankyloglossia to understand mothers' experiences with breastfeeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an ethnographic content analysis of 76 online threads and 501 posts regarding ankyloglossia based on six domains: (1) initial expectations, (2) breastfeeding complications, (3) questions, (4) diagnosis, (5) treatment, and (6) outcomes. RESULTS About one-fourth of women who participated in online forum discussions had initial expectations to breastfeed, however, many found it impossible due to poor latch or pain. Concerns were frequently exacerbated by healthcare providers who reportedly missed or overlooked ankyloglossia. Although these complications made breastfeeding a challenging experience, mothers often described both subjective and physical improvements after frenotomy. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding difficulty was a commonly voiced concern in online ankyloglossia forums. Forum analysis is an effective way to gain insight into patients' experiences, which allows providers to anticipate concerns and provides more effective counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wong
- 1 Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Punam Patel
- 1 Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Mitchell JT, Sweitzer MM, Tunno AM, Kollins SH, McClernon FJ. "I Use Weed for My ADHD": A Qualitative Analysis of Online Forum Discussions on Cannabis Use and ADHD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156614. [PMID: 27227537 PMCID: PMC4882033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for problematic cannabis use. However, clinical and anecdotal evidence suggest an increasingly popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD, including via online resources. Given that the Internet is increasingly utilized as a source of healthcare information and may influence perceptions, we conducted a qualitative analysis of online forum discussions, also referred to as threads, on the effects of cannabis on ADHD to systematically characterize the content patients and caregivers may encounter about ADHD and cannabis. Methods A total of 268 separate forum threads were identified. Twenty percent (20%) were randomly selected, which yielded 55 separate forum threads (mean number of individual posts per forum thread = 17.53) scored by three raters (Cohen’s kappa = 0.74). A final sample of 401 posts in these forum threads received at least one endorsement on predetermined topics following qualitative coding procedures. Results Twenty-five (25%) percent of individual posts indicated that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD, as opposed to 8% that it is harmful, 5% that it is both therapeutic and harmful, and 2% that it has no effect on ADHD. This pattern was generally consistent when the year of each post was considered. The greater endorsement of therapeutic versus harmful effects of cannabis did not generalize to mood, other (non-ADHD) psychiatric conditions, or overall domains of daily life. Additional themes emerged (e.g., cannabis being considered sanctioned by healthcare providers). Conclusions Despite that there are no clinical recommendations or systematic research supporting the beneficial effects of cannabis use for ADHD, online discussions indicate that cannabis is considered therapeutic for ADHD—this is the first study to identify such a trend. This type of online information could shape ADHD patient and caregiver perceptions, and influence cannabis use and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Addiction Science and Technology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maggie M. Sweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Addiction Science and Technology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Tunno
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Addiction Science and Technology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - F. Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Center for Addiction Science and Technology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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