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Deng JL, Zhao L, Wei H, Ye HX, Yang L, Sun L, Zhao Z, Murray JD, Liu CW. A deeply conserved amino acid required for VAPYRIN localization and function during legume-rhizobial symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:14-22. [PMID: 38703001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Li Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hong Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Han-Xiao Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Li Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Linfeng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cheng-Wu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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2
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Deng S, Pan L, Ke T, Liang J, Zhang R, Chen H, Tang M, Hu W. Rhizophagus Irregularis regulates flavonoids metabolism in paper mulberry roots under cadmium stress. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01155-7. [PMID: 38836935 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is widely found in cadmium (Cd) contaminated areas, with an inherent enhanced flavonoids metabolism and inhibited lignin biosynthesis, colonized by lots of symbiotic fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which Rhizophagus irregularis, an AM fungus, regulates flavonoids and lignin in B. papyrifera under Cd stress remain unclear. Here, a pot experiment of B. papyrifera inoculated and non-inoculated with R. irregularis under Cd stress was carried out. We determined flavonoids and lignin concentrations in B. papyrifera roots by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively, and measured the transcriptional levels of flavonoids- or lignin-related genes in B. papyrifera roots, aiming to ascertain the key components of flavonoids or lignin, and key genes regulated by R. irregularis in response to Cd stress. Without R. irregularis, the concentrations of eriodictyol, quercetin and myricetin were significantly increased under Cd stress. The concentrations of eriodictyol and genistein were significantly increased by R. irregularis, while the concentration of rutin was significantly decreased. Total lignin and lignin monomer had no alteration under Cd stress or with R. irregularis inoculation. As for flavonoids- or lignin-related genes, 26 genes were co-regulated by Cd stress and R. irregularis. Among these genes, BpC4H2, BpCHS8 and BpCHI5 were strongly positively associated with eriodictyol, indicating that these three genes participate in eriodictyol biosynthesis and were involved in R. irregularis assisting B. papyrifera to cope with Cd stress. This lays a foundation for further research revealing molecular mechanisms by which R. irregularis regulates flavonoids synthesis to enhance tolerance of B. papyrifera to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Deng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Pan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Ke
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wentao Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Xia M, McCormack ML, Suseela V, Kennedy PG, Tharayil N. Formations of mycorrhizal symbiosis alter the phenolic heteropolymers in roots and leaves of four temperate woody species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1476-1485. [PMID: 38659127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60523, USA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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4
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Hornstein ED, Charles M, Franklin M, Edwards B, Vintila S, Kleiner M, Sederoff H. IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:21. [PMID: 38368585 PMCID: PMC10874911 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana. To explore if elements of this apparently beneficial trait are still present and could be reactivated we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3, a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4. Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state, which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli D Hornstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Melodi Charles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Megan Franklin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brianne Edwards
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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5
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Serrano-Mislata A, Brumós J. Clearing of Vascular Tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana for Reporter Analysis of Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:227-239. [PMID: 37897610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
To study the gene regulatory mechanisms modulating development is essential to visualize gene expression patterns at cellular resolution. However, this kind of analysis has been limited as a consequence of the plant tissues' opacity. In the last years, ClearSee has been increasingly used to obtain high-quality imaging of plant tissue anatomy combined with the visualization of gene expression patterns. ClearSee is established as a major tissue clearing technique due to its simplicity and versatility.In this chapter, we outline an easy-to-follow ClearSee protocol to analyze gene expression of reporters using either β-glucuronidase (GUS) or fluorescent protein (FP) tags, compatible with different dyes to stain cell walls. We detail materials, equipment, solutions, and procedures to easily implement ClearSee for the study of vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the protocol can be easily adapted to a variety of plant tissues in a wide range of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Brumós
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Wang X, Zhang J, Lu X, Bai Y, Wang G. Two diversities meet in the rhizosphere: root specialized metabolites and microbiome. J Genet Genomics 2023:S1673-8527(23)00212-6. [PMID: 37879496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites (SMs). These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes, including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful. Considering microbes as bioreactors, the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites (RSMs) and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere. Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health, incorporating the most up-to-date information available. Additionally, we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment. Finally, we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Wang T, Gasciolli V, Gaston M, Medioni L, Cumener M, Buendia L, Yang B, Bono JJ, He G, Lefebvre B. LysM receptor-like kinases involved in immunity perceive lipo-chitooligosaccharides in mycotrophic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1435-1448. [PMID: 36722175 PMCID: PMC10231384 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) produce both conserved microbial molecules that activate plant defense and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that modulate plant defense. Beside a well-established role of LCOs in the activation of a signaling pathway required for AMF penetration in roots, LCO perception and defense modulation during arbuscular mycorrhiza is not well understood. Here we show that members of the LYRIIIA phylogenetic group from the multigenic Lysin Motif Receptor-Like Kinase family have a conserved role in dicotyledons as modulators of plant defense and regulate AMF colonization in the Solanaceae species Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, these proteins have a high-affinity for LCOs in plant species able to form a symbiosis with AMF but have lost this property in species that have lost this ability. Our data support the hypothesis that LYRIIIA proteins modulate plant defense upon LCO perception to facilitate AMF colonization in mycotrophic plant species and that only their role in plant defense, but not their ability to be regulated by LCOs, has been conserved in non-mycotrophic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Virginie Gasciolli
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Mégane Gaston
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Lauréna Medioni
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Marie Cumener
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Luis Buendia
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jean Jacques Bono
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Guanghua He
- Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
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8
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Hornstein ED, Charles M, Franklin M, Edwards B, Vintila S, Kleiner M, Sederoff H. Re-engineering a lost trait: IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531368. [PMID: 36945518 PMCID: PMC10028889 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana. To explore why an apparently beneficial trait would be repeatedly lost, we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3, a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4. Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that despite the long interval since loss of AM and IPD3 in Arabidopsis, molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli D Hornstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Melodi Charles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Megan Franklin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brianne Edwards
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Simina Vintila
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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9
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German L, Yeshvekar R, Benitez‐Alfonso Y. Callose metabolism and the regulation of cell walls and plasmodesmata during plant mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:391-404. [PMID: 36478232 PMCID: PMC10107507 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall microdomains including around intercellular pores called plasmodesmata. Despite representing a small percentage of the cell wall (~0.3% in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana), callose accumulation regulates important biological processes such as phloem and pollen development, cell division, organ formation, responses to pathogenic invasion and to changes in nutrients and toxic metals in the soil. Callose accumulation modifies cell wall properties and restricts plasmodesmata aperture, affecting the transport of signaling proteins and RNA molecules that regulate plant developmental and environmental responses. Although the importance of callose, at and outside plasmodesmata cell walls, is widely recognized, the underlying mechanisms controlling changes in its synthesis and degradation are still unresolved. In this review, we explore the most recent literature addressing callose metabolism with a focus on the molecular factors affecting callose accumulation in response to mutualistic symbionts and pathogenic elicitors. We discuss commonalities in the signaling pathways, identify research gaps and highlight opportunities to target callose in the improvement of plant responses to beneficial versus pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam German
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Richa Yeshvekar
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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10
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Lindsay PL, Ivanov S, Pumplin N, Zhang X, Harrison MJ. Distinct ankyrin repeat subdomains control VAPYRIN locations and intracellular accommodation functions during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5228. [PMID: 36064777 PMCID: PMC9445082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 70% of vascular flowering plants engage in endosymbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. VAPYRIN (VPY) is a plant protein that is required for intracellular accommodation of AM fungi but how it functions is still unclear. VPY has a large ankyrin repeat domain with potential for interactions with multiple proteins. Here we show that overexpression of the ankyrin repeat domain results in a vpy-like phenotype, consistent with the sequestration of interacting proteins. We identify distinct ankyrin repeats that are essential for intracellular accommodation of arbuscules and reveal that VPY functions in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. VPY interacts with two kinases, including DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS3 (DMI3), a nuclear-localized symbiosis signaling kinase. Overexpression of VPY in a symbiosis-attenuated genetic background results in a dmi3 -like phenotype suggesting that VPY negatively influences DMI3 function. Overall, the data indicate a requirement for VPY in the nucleus and cytoplasm where it may coordinate signaling and cellular accommodation processes. VAPYRIN is a plant protein required for symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here the authors identify VAPYRIN domains that control subcellular targeting and protein-protein interactions and propose that VAPYRIN acts in the nucleus and cytoplasm to coordinate signaling and intracellular arbuscule accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope L Lindsay
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,PLL: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nathan Pumplin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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11
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Hériché M, Arnould C, Wipf D, Courty PE. Imaging plant tissues: advances and promising clearing practices. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:601-615. [PMID: 35339361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of the organ structure of plants and understanding their physiological complexity requires 3D imaging with subcellular resolution. Most plant organs are highly opaque to light, and their study under optical sectioning microscopes is therefore difficult. In animals, many protocols have been developed to make organs transparent to light using clearing protocols (CPs). By contrast, clearing plant tissues is challenging because of the presence of fibers and pigments. We describe progress in the development of plant CPs over the past 20 years through a modified taxonomy of CPs based on their physical and optical parameters that affect tissue properties. We also discuss successful approaches that combine CPs with new microscopy methods and their future applications in plant science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Arnould
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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12
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Venice F, Chialva M, Domingo G, Novero M, Carpentieri A, Salvioli di Fossalunga A, Ghignone S, Amoresano A, Vannini C, Lanfranco L, Bonfante P. Symbiotic responses of Lotus japonicus to two isogenic lines of a mycorrhizal fungus differing in the presence/absence of an endobacterium. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1547-1564. [PMID: 34767660 PMCID: PMC9300078 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As other arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Gigaspora margarita contains unculturable endobacteria in its cytoplasm. A cured fungal line has been obtained and showed it was capable of establishing a successful mycorrhizal colonization. However, previous OMICs and physiological analyses have demonstrated that the cured fungus is impaired in some functions during the pre-symbiotic phase, leading to a lower respiration activity, lower ATP, and antioxidant production. Here, by combining deep dual-mRNA sequencing and proteomics applied to Lotus japonicus roots colonized by the fungal line with bacteria (B+) and by the cured line (B-), we tested the hypothesis that L. japonicus (i) activates its symbiotic pathways irrespective of the presence or absence of the endobacterium, but (ii) perceives the two fungal lines as different physiological entities. Morphological observations confirmed the absence of clear endobacteria-dependent changes in the mycorrhizal phenotype of L. japonicus, while transcript and proteomic datasets revealed activation of the most important symbiotic pathways. They included the iconic nutrient transport and some less-investigated pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. However, significant differences between the mycorrhizal B+/B- plants emerged in the respiratory pathways and lipid biosynthesis. In both cases, the roots colonized by the cured line revealed a reduced capacity to activate genes involved in antioxidant metabolism, as well as the early biosynthetic steps of the symbiotic lipids, which are directed towards the fungus. Similar to its pre-symbiotic phase, the intraradical fungus revealed transcripts related to mitochondrial activity, which were downregulated in the cured line, as well as perturbation in lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Guido Domingo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | | | - Stefano Ghignone
- National Research Council (CNR)Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)TurinItaly
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Candida Vannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
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13
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Kurihara D, Mizuta Y, Nagahara S, Higashiyama T. ClearSeeAlpha: Advanced Optical Clearing for Whole-Plant Imaging. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1302-1310. [PMID: 33638989 PMCID: PMC8579160 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand how the body of plants is made, it is essential to observe the morphology, structure and arrangement of constituent cells. However, the opaque nature of the plant body makes it difficult to observe the internal structures directly under a microscope. To overcome this problem, we developed a reagent, ClearSee, that makes plants transparent, allowing direct observation of the inside of a plant body without inflicting damage on it, e.g. through physical cutting. However, because ClearSee is not effective in making some plant species and tissues transparent, in this study, we further improved its composition to prevent oxidation, and have developed ClearSeeAlpha, which can be applied to a broader range of plant species and tissues. Sodium sulfite, one of the reductants, prevented brown pigmentation due to oxidation during clearing treatment. Using ClearSeeAlpha, we show that it is possible to obtain clear chrysanthemum leaves, tobacco and Torenia pistils and fertilized Arabidopsis thaliana fruits-tissues that have hitherto been challenging to clear. Moreover, we show that the fluorescence intensity of purified fluorescent proteins emitting light of various colors was unaffected in the ClearSeeAlpha solution; only the fluorescence intensity of TagRFP was reduced by about half. ClearSeeAlpha should be useful in the discovery and analysis of biological phenomena occurring deep inside the plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Mizuta
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shiori Nagahara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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14
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Nouri E, Surve R, Bapaume L, Stumpe M, Chen M, Zhang Y, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H, Glauser G, Bruisson S, Reinhardt D. Phosphate Suppression of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Involves Gibberellic Acid Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:959-970. [PMID: 34037236 PMCID: PMC8504448 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants entertain a mutualistic symbiosis known as arbuscular mycorrhiza with fungi (Glomeromycota) that provide them with essential mineral nutrients, in particular phosphate (Pi), and protect them from biotic and abiotic stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis increases plant productivity and biodiversity and is therefore relevant for both natural plant communities and crop production. However, AM fungal populations suffer from intense farming practices in agricultural soils, in particular Pi fertilization. The dilemma between natural fertilization from AM symbiosis and chemical fertilization has raised major concern and emphasizes the need to better understand the mechanisms by which Pi suppresses AM symbiosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that Pi may interfere with AM symbiosis via the phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) in the Solanaceous model systems Petunia hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum. Indeed, we find that GA is inhibitory to AM symbiosis and that Pi may cause GA levels to increase in mycorrhizal roots. Consistent with a role of endogenous GA as an inhibitor of AM development, GA-defective N. tabacum lines expressing a GA-metabolizing enzyme (GA methyltransferase-GAMT) are colonized more quickly by the AM fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare, and exogenous Pi is less effective in inhibiting AM colonization in these lines. Systematic gene expression analysis of GA-related genes reveals a complex picture, in which GA degradation by GA2 oxidase plays a prominent role. These findings reveal potential targets for crop breeding that could reduce Pi suppression of AM symbiosis, thereby reconciling the advantages of Pi fertilization with the diverse benefits of AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nouri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rohini Surve
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laure Bapaume
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yunmeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Bruisson
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Gourion B, Ratet P. Avoidance of detrimental defense responses in beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:266-272. [PMID: 34252756 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the environment microbes interact with plants and provide them with benefits that include protection against biotic and abiotic stresses as well as improved nutrition. However, plants are also exposed to parasites and pathogens. To manage appropriate responses, evolution has resulted in improved tolerance of plants to beneficial microbes while keeping the ability to recognize detrimental ones and to develop defense responses. Here we review the mechanisms involved in these interactions. We also discuss how the interactions might be handled to improve crop resistance to pathogens without losing the ability to establish beneficial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gourion
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
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