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Mateus NS, Florentino AL, Moreira GLLS, Nogueira ML, Ferreira MEP, Rossi ML, Linhares FS, Lavres J. Disguised Blessings: A Mechanistic Understanding of the Beneficial Outcomes Triggered by Partial K Replacement With Na in Two Eucalyptus Species Under Drought Stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2025; 48:2963-2985. [PMID: 39660820 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
While not essential for most plants, sodium (Na+) can partially substitute for potassium (K+) in some metabolic functions. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying K+ and Na+ uptake, transport, utilization, and ion replacement is crucial to sustain forest production. A pot experiment was designed with 6 K/Na ratios (100/0, 85/15, 70/30, 55/45, 40/60, and 0/0%) and two water conditions (well-watered, W+; and water-stressed, W-) on two Eucalyptus species with contrasting drought tolerance. In a multi-level analysis, we measured morphological, nutritional, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and anatomical traits. Low to moderate K replacement with Na (85/15%-55/45%) provided partial and faster stomatal closure (lower δ13C), thereby enhancing plants' water status (WUE, RLWC, ΨPD, ΨMD), photosynthetic capacity (gs, E, A, Ci/Ca), photoprotection (NPQ, qP, ETR, Fv/FM, ΦPSII), and growth (height, collar diameter, LA, TDM) relative to exclusive K supply. The 70/30% K/Na replacement was defined as the ideal ratio, upregulating K+ and water uptake (overexpression of AKT1, PIP2;5, PIP2;7 and TIP1;3), maximizing enzymatic antioxidant performance and biomass production, and reducing oxidative stress. High K replacement with Na (40/60%) and K deficiency (0/0%) led to incomplete stomatal closure reduced water status, photosynthetic capacity, photoprotection, and growth, especially in the species with low drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Souza Mateus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Lima Nogueira
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Lu Z, Ren T, Li Y, Cakmak I, Lu J. Nutrient limitations on photosynthesis: from individual to combinational stresses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025:S1360-1385(25)00066-4. [PMID: 40221269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2025.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Liebig's law of the minimum states that increasing photosynthetic productivity on nutrient-impoverished soils depends on addressing the most limiting nutrient. Research has identified the roles of different mineral nutrients in photosynthetic processes. However, diffusional and biochemical regulation of photosynthesis both feature patterns of cumulative effects that jointly determine photosynthetic capacity. More importantly, responses to multiple nutrient stresses are not simply additive and require a comprehensive understanding of how these stresses interact and impact photosynthetic performance. In this review we highlight key macroelements for photosynthesis - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium - focusing on their unique functions and interactions in regulating carbon fixation under multiple nutrient deficiencies, with the goal of enhancing crop productivity through balanced nutrient applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Liang G, Sun P, Waring BG, Fu Z, Reich PB. Alleviating Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation Does Not Amplify Potassium-Induced Increase in Terrestrial Biomass. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2025; 31:e70193. [PMID: 40269476 PMCID: PMC12018727 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the second most abundant nutrient element in plants after nitrogen (N), and has been shown to limit aboveground production in some contexts. However, the role of N and phosphorus (P) availability in mediating K limitation in terrestrial production remains poorly understood; and it is unknown whether K also limits belowground carbon (C) stocks, which contain at least three times more C than those aboveground stocks. By synthesizing 779 global paired observations (528, 125, and 126 for aboveground productivity, root biomass, and soil organic C [SOC], respectively), we found that K addition significantly increased aboveground production and SOC by 8% and 5%, respectively, but did not significantly affect root biomass (+9%). Moreover, enhanced N and/or P availability (through N and P addition) did not further amplify the positive effect of K on aboveground productivity. In other words, K had a positive effect on aboveground productivity only when N and/or P were limiting, indicating that K could somehow substitute for N or P when they were limiting. Climate variables mostly explained the variations in K effects; specifically, stronger positive responses of aboveground productivity and SOC to K were found in regions with high mean annual temperature and wetness. Our results suggest that K addition enhances C sequestration by increasing both aboveground productivity and SOC, contributing to climate mitigation, but the positive effects of K on terrestrial C stocks are not further amplified when N and P limitations are alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Liang
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Pengyan Sun
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of StatisticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Bonnie G. Waring
- Grantham Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Georgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
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Gu H, He Z, Lu Z, Liao S, Zhang Y, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Growth and survival strategies of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves under potassium deficiency stress: trade-offs in potassium ion distribution between vacuoles and chloroplasts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 121:e70009. [PMID: 39993150 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is a prevalent limiting factor in terrestrial ecosystems, with approximately one-eighth of the world's soils undergoing K+ deficiency stress. Upon encountering K+ deficiency stress, leaf area (LA) declines before the net photosynthetic rate (An). The sequential alterations fundamentally represent the adaptive trade-off between survival and growth in plants subjected to K+ deficiency stress. This trade-off is hypothesized to be linked to the differences in the subcellular distribution of limited K+ resources. Thus, the K+ distribution and apparent concentration in subcellular compartments, along with the LA and An characteristics of rapeseed leaves at various developmental stages and K+ supply conditions were quantified to elucidate the mechanisms by which subcellular K+ regulates leaf growth and survival. The results revealed that during the early stages of K+ deficiency, leaves actively downregulate growth to sustain normal physiological functions. This is primarily accomplished by lowering the K+ distribution and apparent concentration in vacuoles, restricting LA expansion, and enhancing K+ distribution to chloroplasts to ensure An. Prolonged K+ deficiency decreased the apparent K+ concentration in chloroplasts below the critical threshold (37.8 mm), disrupting chloroplast structure and function, impairing An, and ultimately threatening the survival of rapeseed. Hence, sustaining an adequate concentration of K+ within chloroplasts is crucial for preserving leaf photosynthetic efficiency and ensuring survival under K+ deficiency stress. In conclusion, under K+ deficiency stress, leaves regulate LA and An by trade-offs in the K+ distribution between vacuoles and chloroplasts to coordinate growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyao He
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shipeng Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhu L, Sun Y, Wang R, Zeng J, Li J, Huang M, Wang M, Shen Q, Guo S. Applied potassium negates osmotic stress impacts on plant physiological processes: a meta-analysis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2025; 12:uhae318. [PMID: 39949879 PMCID: PMC11825146 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
Potassium (K) availability in plant cells is critical for maintaining plant productivity across many terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, there is no comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms by which plants respond to potassium application in such conditions, despite the global challenge of escalating osmotic stress. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 2381 paired observations to investigate plant responses to potassium application across various morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters under both osmotic and nonosmotic stress. Globally, our results showed the significant effectiveness of potassium application in promoting plant productivity (e.g. +12%~30% in total dry weight), elevating photosynthesis (+12%~30%), and alleviating osmotic damage (e.g. -19%~26% in malonaldehyde), particularly under osmotic stress. Moreover, we found evidence of interactive effects between osmotic stress and potassium on plant traits, which were more pronounced under drought than salt stress, and more evident in C3 than C4 plants. Our synthesis verifies a global potassium control over osmotic stress, and further offers valuable insights into its management and utilization in agriculture and restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jixing Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengting Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers Of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Pang Y, Tian J, Liu Q, Wang D. Whole-tree harvesting improves the ecosystem N, P and K cycling functions in secondary forests in the Qinling Mountains, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1394112. [PMID: 39759242 PMCID: PMC11699539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1394112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem nutrient cycling functions are the basis for the survival and development of organisms, and play an important role in maintaining the forest structural and functional stability. However, the response of forest nutrient cycling functions at the ecosystem level to whole-tree harvesting remains unclear. Herein, we calculated the ecosystem nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) absorption, utilization, retention, cycle, surplus, accumulation, productivity, turnover and return parameters and constructed N, P, and K cycling function indexes to identify the changes in ecosystem N, P, and K cycling functions in a secondary forest in the Qinling Mountains after 5 years of five different thinning intensities (0% (CK), 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%). We showed that the ecosystem's N, P, and K cycling parameters varied significantly and responded differently to thinning treatments. As the thinning intensity increased, the N, P, and K cycling function indexes increased by 5%~232%, 32%~195%, and 104%~233% compared with CK. Whole-tree harvesting promoted ecosystem N and P cycling functions through two pathways: (a) directly regulated litter biomass, indirectly affected soil nutrient characteristics, and then regulated ecosystem N and P cycling functions; (b) directly regulated plant productivity, indirectly affected plant and soil nutrient characteristics, and then regulated ecosystem N and P cycling functions. In contrast, whole-tree harvesting mainly indirectly affected the plant and soil nutrient characteristics by directly adjusting the plant productivity, and promoting the ecosystem K cycling function. Furthermore, N and P cycling functions were mainly regulated by understory plant productivity while tree and herb nutrient characteristics were key driving factors for K cycling functions. These findings indicated that whole-tree harvesting significantly improved the ecosystem N, P and K cycling functions, and reveals varied regulatory mechanisms, which may aid in formulating effective measures for sustainable forest ecosystem nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dexiang Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Liu JY, Zhang XL, Jin XY, Wang MT, Zhang YY, Wang XY. Nutrient allocation patterns in different aboveground organs at different reproductive stages of four introduced Calligonum species in a common garden in northwestern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1504216. [PMID: 39726422 PMCID: PMC11670320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1504216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The Calligonum species is a typical shrub with assimilative branches (ABs) in arid regions in Central Asia. The nutrient distribution patterns at different reproductive stages are of great significance for further understanding the ecological adaptation and survival strategies of plants. Methods In the present study, a common garden experiment was employed to avoid interference by environmental heterogeneity. Furthermore, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) allocation characteristics in the supporting organs (mature branches), photosynthetic organs (ABs), and reproductive organs (flowers and fruits) of Calligonum caput-medusae (CC), Calligonum arborescens (CA), Calligonum rubicundum (CR), and Calligonum klementzii (CK) during the flowering, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit phases were systematically analyzed. Results Aboveground organs were the main factors affecting the variation of N, P, and K concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios, and the reproductive stages were secondary factors affecting N, P, and the P:K ratio and species were secondary factors affecting K and the N:P and N:K ratios. Meanwhile, significant interactions were found for all three of the aforementioned factors. The N and P concentrations in the ABs of the four species were highest during the flowering phase, while the N:P ratio was lowest, which then gradually decreased and increased, respectively, during plant growth. This result supported the growth rate hypothesis, i.e., that the growth rate is highest during the early growth stage. In the growth period, the N, P, and K concentrations in each organ of the four Calligonum species followed the power law, with the allocation rates of N and P being generally higher than K. There were differences among the species as the N-P scaling exponent in the ABs of CR was only 0.256; according to the scaling exponent law, this species was the least stressed and had the strongest environmental adaptability. Overall, the adaptability of the four species could be ranked as CR > CA > CC > CK. In conclusion, there were significant differences in nutrient traits among different aboveground organs, species, and reproductive stages. Discussion The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the nutrient allocation strategies of different Calligonum species and provide scientific evidence for the ex-situ conservation and fixation application of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Yue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Turpan Desert Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, Xinjiang, China
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Du W, Wang S, Yang Y, Xu C, Hu F, Ding W, Lv J. Carbonate weakens the interactions between potassium and calcareous soil. RSC Adv 2024; 14:35275-35285. [PMID: 39502184 PMCID: PMC11536059 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05988c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The ion interfacial transport driven by ion-surface interactions in calcareous soil has a profound impact on the nutrient storage and environmental buffer capacity of the main agricultural soils in dry and semi-arid areas. The roles that carbonate plays in preserving the soil's inorganic carbon pool and soil structure stability have been widely investigated, but its significance in the aforementioned microscopic processes, especially the influence of carbonate on the interfacial reaction kinetics of nutrient elements, is yet to be determined. In this study, potassium (K) was used as an indicator ion to investigate its affinity in carbonate-removed (CREM) and carbonate-reserved (CRES) calcareous soil using the general theory of ion diffusion in an external electric field. We discovered that (1) at a given initial K concentration, the carbonate in CRES soil retards the adsorption rate and diminishes the adsorption amount of K in calcareous soil, reducing the interfacial transport properties of nutrient ions at the solid-liquid interface of calcareous soils compared with CREM soil; and (2) this weakening of the interfacial transport effect on nutrient K originates from the soil carbonate, which prefers to weaken the electrostatic interaction intensity between K and the calcareous soil surface. Furthermore, this is due to the carbonate shielding effect on the surface adsorption sites of other soil components and the competitive relationship between K+ and cations released by carbonate dissolution. The influence of carbonate on the nutrient ion transport at the solid-liquid interface of calcareous soil has been investigated by soil electrochemistry theory-based ion adsorption kinetics, and the links between kinetic features and ion-surface binding energy have been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China +86-29-87080051 +86-29-87080051
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yongdeng County Lanzhou Gansu Province 730300 China
| | - Yizhe Yang
- Cultivated Land Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Workstation Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710000 China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China +86-29-87080051 +86-29-87080051
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China
| | - Feinan Hu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Wuquan Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Science Chongqing 402168 China
| | - Jialong Lv
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China +86-29-87080051 +86-29-87080051
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China
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Yang C, Lu J, Xiong Z, Wang B, Ren T, Cong R, Lu Z, Li X. Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14360. [PMID: 38797869 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.45 and 0 g K2O per pot (3 kg soil per pot) and two watering conditions (well-watered and water-deficit) was conducted to explore the effects of K deficiency on canopy transpiration characteristics, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and hydraulic traits in two rice genotypes with contrasting resistance to drought. The results showed that K deficiency reduced canopy transpiration rate by decreasing stomatal conductance, which led to higher canopy temperatures, resulting in limited water deficit tolerance in rice. In addition, K deficiency led to further substantial reductions in leaf relative water content and water potential under water deficit, which increased the imbalance in leaf water relations under water deficit. Notably, K deficiency limited leaf gas exchange by reducing leaf hydraulic conductance, but decreased the intrinsic water use efficiency under water deficit, especially for the drought-resistant cultivar. Further analysis of the underlying process of leaf hydraulic resistance revealed that the key limiting factor of leaf hydraulic conductance under K deficiency was the outside-xylem hydraulic conductance rather than the xylem hydraulic conductance. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive perspective for assessing leaf water relations under K deficiency, water deficit, and their combined stresses, which will be useful for optimal rice fertilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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