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Palm D, Uzoni A, Kronenberg G, Thome J, Faltraco F. Human Derived Dermal Fibroblasts as in Vitro Research Tool to Study Circadian Rhythmicity in Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry 2023; 56:87-100. [PMID: 37187177 DOI: 10.1055/a-1147-1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychiatric disorders are defined by persistent or recurrent sleep-wake disturbances alongside disruptions in circadian rhythm and altered clock gene expression. Circadian rhythms are present not only in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus but also in peripheral tissues. In this respect, cultures of human derived dermal fibroblasts may serve as a promising new tool to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of mental illness. In this article, we discuss the advantages of fibroblast cultures to study psychiatric disease. More specifically, we provide an update on recent advances in modeling circadian rhythm disorders using human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Stefana A, D’Imperio D, Dakanalis A, Vieta E, Fusar-Poli P, Youngstrom E. Probing the impact of psychoanalytic therapy for bipolar disorders: A scoping review. International Forum of Psychoanalysis 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0803706x.2022.2097307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Katz TC, Bui TH, Worhach J, Bogut G, Tomczak KK. Tourettic OCD: Current understanding and treatment challenges of a unique endophenotype. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:929526. [PMID: 35966462 PMCID: PMC9363583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.929526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronic tic disorders (CTD) including Tourette Syndrome (TS) are often comorbid conditions. While some patients present with distinct symptoms of CTD and/or OCD, a subset of patients demonstrate a unique overlap of symptoms, known as Tourettic OCD (TOCD), in which tics, compulsions, and their preceding premonitory urges are overlapping and tightly intertwined. The specific behaviors seen in TOCD are typically complex tic-like behaviors although with a compulsive and partially anxious nature reminiscent of OCD. TOCD is not classified within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) as an independent diagnostic entity, but mounting evidence suggests that TOCD is an intermediate neuropsychiatric disorder distinct from either TS or OCD alone and as such represents a unique phenomenology. In this review of TOCD we discuss clinical, genetic, environmental, neurodevelopmental, and neurocircuit-based research to better characterize our current understanding of this disorder. TOCD is characterized by earlier age of onset, male predominance, and specific symptom clusters such as lower tendency toward compulsions related to checking, cleaning, and reassurance seeking and higher tendency toward compulsions such as rubbing, tapping, or touching associated with symmetry concerns or thoughts of exactness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) imaging suggests that TOCD symptoms may arise from involvement of an intermediate neurocircuitry distinct from classic OCD or classic CTD. Small cumulative contributions from multiple genetic loci have been implicated, as have environmental factors such as infection and perinatal trauma. In addition, this review addresses the treatment of TOCD which is especially complex and often treatment resistant and requires pharmacology and behavioral therapy in multiple modalities. Given the distressing impact of TOCD on patients' functioning, the goal of this review is to raise awareness of this distinct entity toward the goal of improving standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar C Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thanh Hoa Bui
- Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Worhach
- Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Bogut
- Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kinga K Tomczak
- Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Milanti A, Chan DNS, Li C, So WKW. Actigraphy-measured rest-activity circadian rhythm disruption in patients with advanced cancer: a scoping review. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7145-7169. [PMID: 34142279 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with later-stage cancer have been reported to demonstrate more disrupted rest-activity circadian rhythms (RACR) than those with earlier-stage cancer, but consolidated evidence of this is lacking. The aim of this review was to examine and map the existing evidence on actigraphy-measured RACR in terms of their (1) pattern, (2) prevalence, (3) related factors, and (4) outcomes in advanced cancer patients. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A literature search was performed using nine databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were included in the review. Compared with the healthy population, advanced cancer patients were more likely to display weaker RACR, manifesting as lower activity levels during the day, more frequent and longer daytime naps, and fragmented nighttime sleep. The prevalence of RACR disruption among advanced cancer patients ranged from 31.3 to 54.9%. It was found to be linked to the presence of physical and psychological symptoms (fatigue, appetite loss, pain, dyspnoea, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety), chemotherapy, male sex, and also predict the lower quality of life and survival. CONCLUSION Disruption of the RACR is prevalent in advanced cancer patients and is associated with a set of physical and psychological symptoms. It was also found to be a predictor of the quality of life and survival among these patients. These results indicate the importance of interventions to restabilise the disrupted RACR among advance cancer patients to improve their health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariesta Milanti
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Dorothy N S Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caixia Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie K W So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yi JS, Díaz NM, D'Souza S, Buhr ED. The molecular clockwork of mammalian cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:87-96. [PMID: 33810978 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms contain self-sustained circadian clocks. These clocks can be synchronized by environmental stimuli, but can also oscillate indefinitely in isolation. In mammals this is true at the molecular level for the majority of cell types that have been examined. A core set of "clock genes" form a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL) which repeats with a period of approximately 24 h. The exact mechanism of the TTFL differs slightly in various cell types, but all involve similar family members of the core cohort of clock genes. The clock has many outputs which are unique for different tissues. Cells in diverse tissues will convert the timing signals provided by the TTFL into uniquely orchestrated transcriptional oscillations of many clock-controlled genes and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Yi
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicolás M Díaz
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shane D'Souza
- Center for Chronobiology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is remarkable. Despite numbering only about 10,000 neurons on each side of the third ventricle, the SCN is our principal circadian clock, directing the daily cycles of behaviour and physiology that set the tempo of our lives. When this nucleus is isolated in organotypic culture, its autonomous timing mechanism can persist indefinitely, with precision and robustness. The discovery of the cell-autonomous transcriptional and post-translational feedback loops that drive circadian activity in the SCN provided a powerful exemplar of the genetic specification of complex mammalian behaviours. However, the analysis of circadian time-keeping is moving beyond single cells. Technical and conceptual advances, including intersectional genetics, multidimensional imaging and network theory, are beginning to uncover the circuit-level mechanisms and emergent properties that make the SCN a uniquely precise and robust clock. However, much remains unknown about the SCN, not least the intrinsic properties of SCN neurons, its circuit topology and the neuronal computations that these circuits support. Moreover, the convention that the SCN is a neuronal clock has been overturned by the discovery that astrocytes are an integral part of the timepiece. As a test bed for examining the relationships between genes, cells and circuits in sculpting complex behaviours, the SCN continues to offer powerful lessons and opportunities for contemporary neuroscience.
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Merikangas KR, Swendsen J, Hickie IB, Cui L, Shou H, Merikangas AK, Zhang J, Lamers F, Crainiceanu C, Volkow ND, Zipunnikov V. Real-time Mobile Monitoring of the Dynamic Associations Among Motor Activity, Energy, Mood, and Sleep in Adults With Bipolar Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:190-198. [PMID: 30540352 PMCID: PMC6439734 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Biologic systems involved in the regulation of motor activity are intricately linked with other homeostatic systems such as sleep, feeding behavior, energy, and mood. Mobile monitoring technology (eg, actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment devices) allows the assessment of these multiple systems in real time. However, most clinical studies of mental disorders that use mobile devices have not focused on the dynamic associations between these systems. OBJECTIVES To examine the directional associations among motor activity, energy, mood, and sleep using mobile monitoring in a community-identified sample, and to evaluate whether these within-day associations differ between people with a history of bipolar or other mood disorders and controls without mood disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used a nested case-control design of 242 adults, a subsample of a community-based sample of adults. Probands were recruited by mail from the greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area from January 2005 to June 2013. Enrichment of the sample for mood disorders was provided by volunteers or referrals from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center or by participants in the National Institute of Mental Health Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program. The inclusion criteria were the ability to speak English, availability to participate, and consent to contact at least 2 living first-degree relatives. Data analysis was performed from June 2013 through July 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Motor activity and sleep duration data were obtained from minute-to-minute activity counts from an actigraphy device worn on the nondominant wrist for 2 weeks. Mood and energy levels were assessed by subjective analogue ratings on the ecological momentary assessment (using a personal digital assistant) by participants 4 times per day for 2 weeks. RESULTS Of the total 242 participants, 92 (38.1%) were men and 150 (61.9%) were women, with a mean (SD) age of 48 (16.9) years. Among the participants, 54 (22.3%) had bipolar disorder (25 with bipolar I; 29 with bipolar II), 91 (37.6%) had major depressive disorder, and 97 (40.1%) were controls with no history of mood disorders. A unidirectional association was found between motor activity and subjective mood level (β = -0.018, P = .04). Bidirectional associations were observed between motor activity (β = 0.176; P = .03) and subjective energy level (β = 0.027; P = .03) as well as between motor activity (β = -0.027; P = .04) and sleep duration (β = -0.154; P = .04). Greater cross-domain reactivity was observed in bipolar disorder across all outcomes, including motor activity, sleep, mood, and energy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that interventions focused on motor activity and energy may have greater efficacy than current approaches that target depressed mood; both active and passive tracking of multiple regulatory systems are important in designing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ries Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel Swendsen
- University of Bordeaux, National Center for Scientific Research, Bordeaux, France,EPHE PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lihong Cui
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haochang Shou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alison K. Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland,Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
In the last years, glial cells have emerged as central players in the development and function of complex nervous systems. Therefore, the concept of glial cells has evolved from simple supporting cells to essential actors. The molecular mechanisms that govern glial functions are evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to mammals, highlighting genetic similarities between these groups, as well as the great potential of Drosophila research for the understanding of human CNS. These similarities would imply a common phylogenetic origin of glia, even though there is a controversy at this point. This review addresses the existing literature on the evolutionary origin of glia and discusses whether or not insect and mammalian glia are homologous or analogous. Besides, this manuscript summarizes the main glial functions in the CNS and underscores the evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms between Drosophila and mammals. Finally, I also consider the current nomenclature and classification of glial cells to highlight the need for a consensus agreement and I propose an alternative nomenclature based on function that unifies Drosophila and mammalian glial types.
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Shou H, Cui L, Hickie I, Lameira D, Lamers F, Zhang J, Crainiceanu C, Zipunnikov V, Merikangas KR. Dysregulation of objectively assessed 24-hour motor activity patterns as a potential marker for bipolar I disorder: results of a community-based family study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1211. [PMID: 28892068 PMCID: PMC5611716 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing number of studies that have employed actigraphy to investigate differences in motor activity in mood disorders. In general, these studies have shown that people with bipolar disorders (BPDs) tend to exhibit greater variability and less daytime motor activity than controls. The goal of this study was to examine whether patterns of motor activity differ in euthymic individuals across the full range of mood disorder subtypes (Bipolar I (BPI), Bipolar II (BPII) and major depression (MDD)) compared with unaffected controls in a community-based family study of mood spectrum disorders. Minute-to-minute activity counts derived from actigraphy were collected over a 2-week period for each participant. Prospective assessments of the level, timing and day-to-day variability of physical activity measures were compared across diagnostic groups after controlling for a comprehensive list of potential confounding factors. After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and medication use, the BPI group had lower median activity intensity levels across the second half of the day and greater variability in the afternoon compared with controls. Those with a history of BPII had increased variability during the night time compared with controls, indicating poorer sleep quality. No differences were found in the average intensity, variability or timing of activity in comparisons between other mood disorder subgroups and controls. Findings confirm evidence from previous studies that BPI may be a manifestation of a rhythm disturbance that is most prominent during the second half of the day. The present study is the largest study to date that included the full range of mood disorder subgroups in a nonclinical sample that increases the generalizability of our findings to the general community. The manifestations of activity patterns outside of acute episodes add to the accumulating evidence that dysregulation of patterns of activity may constitute a potential biomarker for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shou
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Cui
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I Hickie
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Lameira
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - F Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - C Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Zipunnikov
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, MSC#3720, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail:
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Fossion R, Rivera AL, Toledo-Roy JC, Ellis J, Angelova M. Multiscale adaptive analysis of circadian rhythms and intradaily variability: Application to actigraphy time series in acute insomnia subjects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181762. [PMID: 28753669 PMCID: PMC5533453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms become less dominant and less regular with chronic-degenerative disease, such that to accurately assess these pathological conditions it is important to quantify not only periodic characteristics but also more irregular aspects of the corresponding time series. Novel data-adaptive techniques, such as singular spectrum analysis (SSA), allow for the decomposition of experimental time series, in a model-free way, into a trend, quasiperiodic components and noise fluctuations. We compared SSA with the traditional techniques of cosinor analysis and intradaily variability using 1-week continuous actigraphy data in young adults with acute insomnia and healthy age-matched controls. The findings suggest a small but significant delay in circadian components in the subjects with acute insomnia, i.e. a larger acrophase, and alterations in the day-to-day variability of acrophase and amplitude. The power of the ultradian components follows a fractal 1/f power law for controls, whereas for those with acute insomnia this power law breaks down because of an increased variability at the 90min time scale, reminiscent of Kleitman’s basic rest-activity (BRAC) cycles. This suggests that for healthy sleepers attention and activity can be sustained at whatever time scale required by circumstances, whereas for those with acute insomnia this capacity may be impaired and these individuals need to rest or switch activities in order to stay focused. Traditional methods of circadian rhythm analysis are unable to detect the more subtle effects of day-to-day variability and ultradian rhythm fragmentation at the specific 90min time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Fossion
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Toledo-Roy
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jason Ellis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Maia Angelova
- School of Information Technology, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
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Herzog ED, Hermanstyne T, Smyllie NJ, Hastings MH. Regulating the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Circadian Clockwork: Interplay between Cell-Autonomous and Circuit-Level Mechanisms. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/1/a027706. [PMID: 28049647 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian clock of the brain, directing daily cycles of behavior and physiology. SCN neurons contain a cell-autonomous transcription-based clockwork but, in turn, circuit-level interactions synchronize the 20,000 or so SCN neurons into a robust and coherent daily timer. Synchronization requires neuropeptide signaling, regulated by a reciprocal interdependence between the molecular clockwork and rhythmic electrical activity, which in turn depends on a daytime Na+ drive and nighttime K+ drag. Recent studies exploiting intersectional genetics have started to identify the pacemaking roles of particular neuronal groups in the SCN. They support the idea that timekeeping involves nonlinear and hierarchical computations that create and incorporate timing information through the interactions between key groups of neurons within the SCN circuit. The field is now poised to elucidate these computations, their underlying cellular mechanisms, and how the SCN clock interacts with subordinate circadian clocks across the brain to determine the timing and efficiency of the sleep-wake cycle, and how perturbations of this coherence contribute to neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
| | - Tracey Hermanstyne
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
| | - Nicola J Smyllie
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Dim light at night (dLAN) disrupts circadian organization and influences adult behavior. We examined early dLAN exposure on adult affective responses. Beginning 3 (juvenile) or 5 weeks (adolescent) of age, mice were maintained in standard light-dark cycles or exposed to nightly dLAN (5 lx) for 5 weeks, then anxiety-like and fear responses were assessed. Hypothalami were collected around the clock to assess core clock genes. Exposure to dLAN at either age increased anxiety-like responses in adults. Clock and Rev-ERB expression were altered by exposure to dLAN. In contrast to adults, dLAN exposure during early life increases anxiety and fear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Cissé
- a Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Juan Peng
- b Center for Biostatistics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- a Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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