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Fu A, Peng Y, Cheng P, Wu J, Zhu X, Yang Y, Huang L, Wang N, Wang J, Xu J, Wan Y, Cao Y, Wei J, Xiao Y, Meng F, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Zhang D. Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin Promotes Platelet Engraftment in Severe Aplastic Anemia Patients Following Treatment With Haploid Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation using Modified Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:500-509. [PMID: 38447750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) promotes platelet engraftment in patients after allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT). However, the effects of rhTPO on platelet recovery after Haplo-HSCT in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) have not been intensively studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rhTPO on platelet engraftment in patients with SAA who were treated with Haplo-HSCT using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). STUDY DESIGN SAA patients who received Haplo-HSCT plus PTCy regimen were divided into the rhTPO group (with subcutaneous injection of rhTPO, n = 28) and Control group (no rhTPO administration, n = 27). The engraftment of platelet/neutrophil, platelet infusion amount, and transplant-related complications between the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS All 55 patients showed successful hematopoietic reconstitution. The median time of platelet engraftment was 11 (9 to 29) days in the rhTPO group and 14 (9 to 28) days in the Control group (P = .003). The rhTPO group had a significantly reduced amount of infused platelets compared to the Control group (2 (1 to 11.5) versus 3 (1 to 14) therapeutic doses; P = .004). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding median time of neutrophil engraftment, incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), incidence of cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, 3-yr overall survival rate, and failure-free-survival rate. No obvious adverse reactions were observed in the rhTPO group. CONCLUSION rhTPO promoted platelet engraftment, reduced the amount of transfused platelets, and demonstrated good safety profiles without evidence of adverse reactions in patients with SAA who received Haplo-HSCT using PTCy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andie Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhou Peng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan First People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuling Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan First People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Y, He S. Inference on autoregulation in gene expression with variance-to-mean ratio. J Math Biol 2023; 86:87. [PMID: 37131095 PMCID: PMC10154285 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Some genes can promote or repress their own expressions, which is called autoregulation. Although gene regulation is a central topic in biology, autoregulation is much less studied. In general, it is extremely difficult to determine the existence of autoregulation with direct biochemical approaches. Nevertheless, some papers have observed that certain types of autoregulations are linked to noise levels in gene expression. We generalize these results by two propositions on discrete-state continuous-time Markov chains. These two propositions form a simple but robust method to infer the existence of autoregulation from gene expression data. This method only needs to compare the mean and variance of the gene expression level. Compared to other methods for inferring autoregulation, our method only requires non-interventional one-time data, and does not need to estimate parameters. Besides, our method has few restrictions on the model. We apply this method to four groups of experimental data and find some genes that might have autoregulation. Some inferred autoregulations have been verified by experiments or other theoretical works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), Bures-sur-Yvette, 91440, Essonne, France.
| | - Siqi He
- Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Gao LT, Yuan JQ, Zhang ZY, Zhao HM, Gao L. Hypermethylation of the Bmp4 promoter dampens binding of HIF-1α and impairs its cardiac protective effects from oxidative stress in prenatally GC-exposed offspring. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:58. [PMID: 36746787 PMCID: PMC9902418 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to an unhealthy environment in utero can lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. Glucocorticoids (GC) are essential for normal development and maturation of fetal organs and is a first-line treatment for pregnant women affected by autoimmune diseases. However, excess prenatal GC exposure might program the development of fetal organs and cause a number of chronic diseases in later life. Our previous studies indicated that cardiac functions were significantly compromised in rat offspring prenatally exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), only after ischemia-reperfusion. In the present study, we further observed that DNA hypermethylation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) promoter in cardiomyocytes caused by prenatal DEX exposure substantially dampened the binding activity of transcription factor HIF-1α induced by cardiac ischemia. Therefore, prenatal DEX exposure inhibits the induction of BMP4 upon I/R and attenuates the protective effects of BMP4 in cardiomyocytes, which eventually manifests as malfunction of the adult heart. Moreover, we employed two cardiac-specific Bmp4 knock-in mouse models and found that in vivo BMP4 overexpression could rescue the cardiac dysfunction caused by prenatal GC exposure. In depth mechanistic research revealed that BMP4 protects the cardiomyocytes from mitophagy and apoptosis by attenuating mitochondrial PGC-1α expression in a p-Smad and Parkin-dependent manner. These findings suggest that prenatal GC exposure increases the susceptibility of the offspring's heart to a "second strike" after birth, due to the failure of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transactivation of the hypermethylated Bmp4 promoter in cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, could be a potential therapeutic method for this programming effect of GC exposure during pregnancy on neonatal cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Tong Gao
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Ming Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Yang YY, Lin CJ, Wang CC, Chen CM, Kao WJ, Chen YH. Consecutive Hypoxia Decreases Expression of NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 Downregulation and Intermittent Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Increases Expression of BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC via HIF1A Upregulation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572276. [PMID: 33015064 PMCID: PMC7500169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the experimental models of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) mimics the physiological conditions of ischemia-reperfusion and induce oxidative stress and injury in various types of organs, tissues, and cells, both in vivo and in vitro, including human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Nonetheless, it had not been reported whether H/R affected proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of stem/progenitor cell markers in the bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated differential effects of consecutive hypoxia and intermittent 24/24-h cycles of H/R on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells derived from the same-race and age-matched healthy subjects (i.e., NHBE) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (i.e., DHBE). To analyze gene/protein expression during differentiation, both the NHBE and DHBE cells at the 2nd passage were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) in the differentiation medium under normoxia for 3 days, followed by either culturing under hypoxia (1% O2) for consecutively 9 days and then returning to normoxia for another 9 days, or culturing under 24/24-h cycles of H/R (i.e., 24 h of 1% O2 followed by 24 h of 21% O2, repetitively) for 18 days in total, so that all differentiating HBE cells were exposed to hypoxia for a total of 9 days. In both the normal and diseased HBE cells, intermittent H/R significantly increased HIF1A, BMP4, NOTCH1, MKI67, OCT4, and MUC5AC expression, while consecutive hypoxia significantly decreased NKX2-1, NOTCH3, HEY1, CC10, and FOXJ1 expression. Inhibition of HIF1A or NKX2-1 expression by siRNA transfection respectively decreased BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4/MUC5AC and NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10/FOXJ1 expression in the HBE cells cultured under intermittent H/R to the same levels under normoxia. Overexpression of NKX2-1 via cDNA transfection caused more than 2.8-fold increases in NOTCH3, HEY1, and FOXJ1 mRNA levels in the HBE cells cultured under consecutive hypoxia compared to the levels under normoxia. Taken together, our results show for the first time that consecutive hypoxia decreased expression of the co-regulated gene module NOTCH3/HEY1/CC10 and the ciliogenesis-inducing transcription factor gene FOXJ1 via NKX2-1 mRNA downregulation, while intermittent H/R increased expression of the co-regulated gene module BMP4/NOTCH1/MKI67/OCT4 and the predominant airway mucin gene MUC5AC via HIF1A mRNA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Respiratory Therapy, Rueifang Miner Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Kao
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis. Blood 2019; 134:1159-1175. [PMID: 31366618 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic transcription factor LIM domain only 2 (LMO2), a member of the TAL1 transcriptional complex, plays an essential role during early hematopoiesis and is frequently activated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. Here, we demonstrate that LMO2 is activated by deacetylation on lysine 74 and 78 via the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)/sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) pathway. LMO2 deacetylation enables LMO2 to interact with LIM domain binding 1 and activate the TAL1 complex. NAMPT/SIRT2-mediated activation of LMO2 by deacetylation appears to be important for hematopoietic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and blood formation in zebrafish embryos. In T-ALL, deacetylated LMO2 induces expression of TAL1 complex target genes HHEX and NKX3.1 as well as LMO2 autoregulation. Consistent with this, inhibition of NAMPT or SIRT2 suppressed the in vitro growth and in vivo engraftment of T-ALL cells via diminished LMO2 deacetylation. This new molecular mechanism may provide new therapeutic possibilities in T-ALL and may contribute to the development of new methods for in vitro generation of blood cells.
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Bhat FA, Advani J, Khan AA, Mohan S, Pal A, Gowda H, Chakrabarti P, Keshava Prasad TS, Chatterjee A. A network map of thrombopoietin signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:737-743. [PMID: 30039510 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO), also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF), is a cytokine involved in the production of platelets. THPO is a glycoprotein produced by liver and kidney. It regulates the production of platelets by stimulating the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocyte progenitors. It acts as a ligand for MPL receptor, a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor superfamily and is essential for megakaryocyte maturation. THPO binding induces homodimerization of the receptor which results in activation of JAKSTAT and MAPK signaling cascades that subsequently control cellular proliferation, differentiation and other signaling events. Despite the importance of THPO signaling in various diseases and biological processes, a detailed signaling network of THPO is not available in any publicly available database. Therefore, in this study, we present a resource of signaling events induced by THPO that was manually curated from published literature on THPO. Our manual curation of thrombopoietin pathway resulted in identification of 48 molecular associations, 66 catalytic reactions, 100 gene regulation events, 19 protein translocation events and 43 activation/inhibition reactions that occur upon activation of thrombopoietin receptor by THPO. THPO signaling pathway is made available on NetPath, a freely available human signaling pathway resource developed previously by our group. We believe this resource will provide a platform for scientific community to accelerate further research in this area on potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous A Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sonali Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - Prantar Chakrabarti
- Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India. .,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.
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Song Y, Zhou F, Song NX, Liu XM, Yu Z, Xie LN, Song XC, Li X. [Impact on platelet recovery of recombinant human thrombopoietin in severe aplastic anemia patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 39:207-211. [PMID: 29562465 PMCID: PMC7342989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and analyze the impact on PLT recovery of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: A retrospective analysis of Hematology Division of General Hospital of Jinan Military Command was conducted in the 85 SAA cases who treated with allo-HSCT from January 2010 to March 2017. According to the administration of medicines for platelets, 85 patients were divided into rhTPO group (n=29), rhIL-11 group (n=27) and blank group (n=29), respectively. The median time of PLT ≥20×109/L, PLT ≥50×109/L, and PLT ≥100×109/L, the numbers of megakaryocytes in marrow smear (25±5) days after transplantation and the quantities of platelet transfusion were analyzed retrospectively. The adverse events of rhTPO and rhIL-11 groups were observed. Results: There were no significant differences in the recovery of granulocytes and PLT ≥20×109/L among the three groups (P>0.05). The time of PLT ≥50×109/L in rhTPO group was shorter than that in blank group [16.5 (11-39) d vs 22 (14-66) d, P<0.05], as well as the time of PLT ≥100×109/L [rhTPO: 23 (12-51) d; rhIL-11: 28 (12-80) d; blank group: 35 (18-86) d, P<0.05]. Platelet transfusions were also less in rhTPO group than in rhIL-11 and blank groups [20 (10-30) U, 30 (10-50) U, 35 (10-70) U, P<0.05]. The counts of megakaryocyte in rhTPO group, rhIL-11 group and blank group were 31.5 (0-200), 12 (0-142) and 11(0-187) (P<0.05), respectively. The difference between rhTPO group and rhIL-11 group was statistically significant (P<0.05), but no difference between rhIL-11 group and blank group (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that rhTPO was an independent factor for platelet recovery [HR=4.01 (95%CI 1.81-9.97), P=0.010]. The rhTPO group had no obvious adverse events. Conclusion: rhTPO can promote platelet recovery of SAA patients after allo-HSCT, reduce platelet transfusion with safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan 250031, China
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Ampuja M, Rantapero T, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Palmroth M, Alarmo EL, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Integrated RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses identify phenotype-specific BMP4 signaling in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:68. [PMID: 28077088 PMCID: PMC5225521 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis. In breast cancer, it reduces proliferation and increases migration in a cell line-dependent manner. To characterize the transcriptional mediators of these phenotypes, we performed RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses after BMP4 treatment in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D breast cancer cells that respond to BMP4 with enhanced migration and decreased cell growth, respectively. Results The RNA-seq data revealed gene expression changes that were consistent with the in vitro phenotypes of the cell lines, particularly in MDA-MB-231, where migration-related processes were enriched. These results were confirmed when enrichment of BMP4-induced open chromatin regions was analyzed. Interestingly, the chromatin in transcription start sites of differentially expressed genes was already open in unstimulated cells, thus enabling rapid recruitment of transcription factors to the promoters as a response to stimulation. Further analysis and functional validation identified MBD2, CBFB, and HIF1A as downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling. Silencing of these transcription factors revealed that MBD2 was a consistent activator of target genes in both cell lines, CBFB an activator in cells with reduced proliferation phenotype, and HIF1A a repressor in cells with induced migration phenotype. Conclusions Integrating RNA-seq and DNase-seq data showed that the phenotypic responses to BMP4 in breast cancer cell lines are reflected in transcriptomic and chromatin levels. We identified and experimentally validated downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling that relate to the different in vitro phenotypes and thus demonstrate that the downstream BMP4 response is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ampuja
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T Rantapero
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Palmroth
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - E L Alarmo
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Nykter
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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