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Sarris J, Halman A, Urokohara A, Lehrner M, Perkins D. Artificial intelligence and psychedelic medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1540:5-12. [PMID: 39308441 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and psychedelic medicines are among the most high-profile evolving disruptive innovations within mental healthcare in recent years. Although AI and psychedelics may not have historically shared any common ground, there exists the potential for these subjects to combine in generating innovative mental health treatment approaches. In order to inform our perspective, we conducted a scoping review of relevant literature up to late August 2024 via PubMed intersecting AI with psychomedical use of psychedelics. Our perspective covers the potential application of AI in psychedelic medicine for: drug discovery and clinical trial optimization (including pharmacodynamics); study design; understanding psychedelic experiences; personalization of treatments; clinical screening, delivery, and follow-up (potentially delivered via chatbots/apps); application of psychological preparation, integration, and general mental health support; its role in enhancing treatment via brain modulatory devices (including virtual reality and haptic suits); and the consideration of ethical and security safeguards. Challenges include the need for sufficient data protection and security, and a range of necessary ethical protections. Future avenues of exploration could involve directly administering psychedelics (or providing algorithm-generated effects) to inorganic AI-interfaced neural networks that may exceed human brain activity (i.e., cognitive capacity) and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Psychae Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Halman
- Psychae Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Urokohara
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychae Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew Lehrner
- Psychae Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Perkins
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychae Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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IsHak WW, Meyer A, Freire L, Totlani J, Murphy N, Renteria S, Salem M, Chang T, Abdelsalam R, Khan R, Chandy T, Parrish T, Hirsch D, Patel B, Steiner AJ, Kim S, Hedrick R, Pechnick RN, Danovitch I. Overview of Psychiatric Medications in the Pipeline in Phase III Trials as of June 1, 2024: A Systematic Review. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 21:27-47. [PMID: 39329027 PMCID: PMC11424068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective This systematic review provides an overview of psychiatric medications in the late stages of development (Phase III clinical trials) as of June 1, 2024. It details the mechanisms of action, efficacy, dosing, and adverse effects of these medications. Methods We searched the PubMed database for Phase III studies of psychiatric medications published until June 1, 2024, using the keywords "psychiatric" OR "psychopharm*" AND "medic*" OR "pharm*". Our review encompassed medications currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials and those that have completed Phase III but are awaiting approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We independently analyzed the identified studies and reached a consensus on the medications to be included in this systematic review. Results As of June 1, 2024, a total of 89 pipeline drug trials were identified, including nine for schizophrenia, five for bipolar disorders, 25 for depressive disorders, 11 for anxiety disorders, five for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), two for eating disorders, two for sleep-wake disorders, three for sexual dysfunctions, one for substance-related and addictive disorders, 22 for neurocognitive disorders, and three for neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Conclusion The psychiatric medications in the pipeline as of June 1, 2024, demonstrate significant promise in treating psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waguih William IsHak
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
- Dr. IsHak is also with David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley Meyer
- Ms. Meyer is with University of California Irvine, School of Medicine in Irvine, California
| | - Luiza Freire
- Dr. Freire is with Faculdade Pernambucana de Saude in Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jayant Totlani
- Drs. Totlani and Pechnick and Ms. Patel are with Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California
| | - Nathalie Murphy
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Sabrina Renteria
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiffany Chang
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Rasha Abdelsalam
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Rida Khan
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Chandy
- Dr. Chandy is with Loma Linda University in Loma Lina, California
| | - Thomas Parrish
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Drew Hirsch
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Drs. Totlani and Pechnick and Ms. Patel are with Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California
| | | | - Sarah Kim
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca Hedrick
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert N. Pechnick
- Drs. Totlani and Pechnick and Ms. Patel are with Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California
| | - Itai Danovitch
- Drs. IsHak, Murphy, Renteria, Abdelsalam, Khan, Kim, Hedrick, and Danovitch; Mr. Salem; Ms. Chang; Mr. Parrish; and Mr. Hirsch are with Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles, California
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