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Cattaneo PM, Holm A, Yung AKC, Isidor S, Cornelis MA. A Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes in Growing Class II Patients after Functional Appliance Therapy: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1315. [PMID: 38592176 PMCID: PMC10932136 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim was to assess three-dimensionally mandibular and maxillary changes in growing Class II patients treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances. Methods: Twenty-four Class II patients (age range: 9 to 14, mean: 12.1 ± 1.1 years) treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances (functional appliance group-FAG) were retrospectively selected and compared to an age-matched control group (CG) treated with fixed appliances only. To be included in the study, pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans had to be available. The CBCTs were used to analyze, in 3D, the changes following treatment and growth. Results: Before treatment, overjet (FAG: 9 mm ± 2.8 (mean ± standard deviation); CG: 4 mm ± 1.7), ANB (FAG: 5.7° ± 2.0; CG: 3.2° ± 1.4), and effective mandibular length (FAG: 113.0 mm ± 4.1; CG: 116.6 mm ± 5.9) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. After treatment, overjet (FAG: -6.8 mm ± 2.8; CG: -1.8 mm ± 1.8) and effective mandibular length (FAG: 6.3 mm ± 2.6; CG: 3.9 mm ± 2.6) statistically significantly changed. There was a significant difference in the treatment effect between the FAG and the CG in overjet, ANB, and effective mandibular length. Conclusions: The results indicate that functional appliances are effective in correcting Class II malocclusions. The growth modification in the FAG resulted in an increase in mandibular length. Yet, the final length of the mandible in the FAG was smaller when compared to the CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M. Cattaneo
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | - Annemarie Holm
- Private Practice, Fisketorvet 4-6, 7.sal, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marie A. Cornelis
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia;
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Gillot M, Miranda F, Baquero B, Ruellas A, Gurgel M, Al Turkestani N, Anchling L, Hutin N, Biggs E, Yatabe M, Paniagua B, Fillion-Robin JC, Allemang D, Bianchi J, Cevidanes L, Prieto JC. Automatic landmark identification in cone-beam computed tomography. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:560-567. [PMID: 36811276 PMCID: PMC10440369 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present and validate an open-source fully automated landmark placement (ALICBCT) tool for cone-beam computed tomography scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-three large and medium field of view cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were used to train and test a novel approach, called ALICBCT that reformulates landmark detection as a classification problem through a virtual agent placed inside volumetric images. The landmark agents were trained to navigate in a multi-scale volumetric space to reach the estimated landmark position. The agent movements decision relies on a combination of DenseNet feature network and fully connected layers. For each CBCT, 32 ground truth landmark positions were identified by 2 clinician experts. After validation of the 32 landmarks, new models were trained to identify a total of 119 landmarks that are commonly used in clinical studies for the quantification of changes in bone morphology and tooth position. RESULTS Our method achieved a high accuracy with an average of 1.54 ± 0.87 mm error for the 32 landmark positions with rare failures, taking an average of 4.2 second computation time to identify each landmark in one large 3D-CBCT scan using a conventional GPU. CONCLUSION The ALICBCT algorithm is a robust automatic identification tool that has been deployed for clinical and research use as an extension in the 3D Slicer platform allowing continuous updates for increased precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gillot
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- CPE Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Felicia Miranda
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Baptiste Baquero
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- CPE Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio Ruellas
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gurgel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Najla Al Turkestani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luc Anchling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- CPE Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathan Hutin
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- CPE Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elizabeth Biggs
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Marilia Yatabe
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Bianchi
- Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Cevidanes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Romero-Tapiero N, Giraldo-Mejía A, Herrera-Rubio A, Aristizábal-Pérez JF. Concordance and reproducibility in the location of reference points for a volumetric craniofacial analysis: Cross-sectional study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:87-95. [PMID: 37649819 PMCID: PMC10462468 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.37025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the limitations of visualization that occur even with the use of radiographs, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) becomes more attractive to diagnose and propose an assertive treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate intra and interobserver reproducibility, and concordance of 31 reference points we described considering visualization tools and the three planes of space in a bimaxillary CBCT. Methods Three observers located in triplicate the 31 reference points in the CBCT of six healthy patients. Friedman test was used to compare intraobserver paired samples, and interobserver concordance was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with ranges>0.75 (excellent), between 0.60 and 0.74 (good), between 0.40 and 0.59 (sufficient) and<0.40 (poor). The P value was set at<0.05. Results A high ICC (>0.75%) was obtained by comparing the x, y, and z values at the location of landmark points. Excellent ICC>0.75 was for 81.7% and poor<0.40 was 7.5% in the interobserver evaluation. Data showed that 25 points had excellent concordance on the x-plane, 25 on the y-plane, and 26 on the z-plane (0.75%). Conclusion Intraobserver concordance analysis indicated that location of anatomical reference points on bimaxillary CBCT is performed with great reproducibility by interpreting their location with a clear description in the three planes of space. Complexity of achieving a good precision degree in the manual marking of reference points caused by convexities of the anatomical structures involved, might explain the variability found. The systematized location of the reference points would contribute to reduce such variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Romero-Tapiero
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Giraldo-Mejía
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Herrera-Rubio
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Feng B, Yu X, Wang Y, Ouyang W, Wu F, Yu M, Chen Q. Using the anterior cranial base to provide a reliable reference plane for patients with or without facial asymmetry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e230-e245. [PMID: 36055884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the midsagittal reference plane (MSP) reliability derived from the 3-dimensional characteristics of patients with or without facial asymmetry in the anterior cranial base (ACB). METHODS We divided the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 adult patients into maxillofacial symmetry and asymmetry groups. The ACB models were 3-dimensionally constructed, and then symmetrical characteristics were evaluated with surface asymmetry for each group. The reliability of the MSP derived from the symmetry of the anterior cranial base (MSPACB) was assessed in comparison with the true craniofacial symmetry plane determined using the morphometric method. RESULTS The ACB was symmetrical, as demonstrated by slight surface asymmetry. The MSPACB was reliable for maxillofacial asymmetrical analysis as the intraobserver and interobserver measurements using the MSPACB were of excellent agreement, and there was no significant difference between MSPACB and morphometric method in asymmetrical measurements in both groups. The MSPACB remained stable (maximum deviation <0.32 mm) when cranial landmark identification errors (1 mm and 4 mm) were simulated. CONCLUSIONS MSPACB is reliable for patients with or without facial asymmetry in maxillofacial asymmetry analysis, which is beneficial to patients with severe midfacial asymmetry or trauma when conventional landmarks are displaced or disappear. When using MSPACB for patients with cranial malformations or those whose ACBs differ from normal dimensions, caution should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, and State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Wangtao Ouyang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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