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Caruso S, Valenti C, Marinucci L, Di Pasquale F, Truppa C, Di Benedetto G, Caruso S, Pagano S. Systematic Review of Zinc's Benefits and Biological Effects on Oral Health. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:800. [PMID: 38399049 PMCID: PMC10890596 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review was based on the following question: "What is the state-of-the-art regarding the effect of zinc exposure in the oral cavity on a population of adults and children, compared to dental products containing materials other than zinc, considering in vivo (clinical trials and observational studies) and in vitro studies?" according to a PICOS strategy format. This study aims to analyze zinc application in dental materials, with different compositions and chemical formulations, considering how mechanical and biological properties may influence its clinical applicability. METHODS In vivo (clinical trials: controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); and observational studies: case control and cohort studies) trials or in vitro studies published in English or Italian during the last 10 years on children and adult patients with zinc exposure were included by three different reviewers using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. RESULTS Titles and abstracts were evaluated following the eligibility criteria. The full texts of eligible studies were then reviewed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Scientific and technical information of the 33 included studies were collected into evidence tables, reporting data on in vivo and in vitro studies. A narrative approach was adopted. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial activity was found to be the most studied property of zinc, but further investigations are needed to establish adjuvant zinc therapies in patients with oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Valenti
- CISAS “Giuseppe Colombo”, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Pasquale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudia Truppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Paediatric Dentistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (G.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.P.); (C.T.)
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Kim MJ, Kang JH, Kho HS. Effects of Zinc Compounds on Lysozyme, Peroxidase, and α-Amylase from the Perspective of Oral Health: a Scoping Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03972-x. [PMID: 38057484 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has been proposed as a topical therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of various oral diseases. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the effects of zinc on the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and α-amylase from the perspective of developing oral health care products and therapeutic agents for oral diseases. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was conducted on the direct interactions of zinc with lysozyme, peroxidase, and α-amylase from various sources. Most of the reports on the effects of zinc on the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and α-amylase involved enzymes derived from bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. Studies of human salivary enzymes were scarce. Zinc was found to inhibit the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and α-amylase under diverse experimental conditions. The suggested mechanism was ionic interactions between zinc and enzyme molecules. The possibility that zinc causes structural changes to enzyme molecules has also been suggested. In conclusion, for zinc to be used as an effective topical therapeutic agent for oral health, further studies on the activity of human salivary enzymes are warranted, and additional information regarding the type and concentration of effective zinc compounds is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, Gwanak Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kang
- Clinic of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seop Kho
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute on Ageing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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