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Warnakulasuriya S, Sunavala-Dossabhoy G, Petti S, Lodi G. Oral Cancer in Asia. Oral Dis 2025; 31:1395-1397. [PMID: 39777955 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Menon A, Mutalik VS, Chen Y, Ponamgi SPD, Peela S, Schroth RJ, Ghavami S, Chelikani P. Beyond Genetics: Exploring Lifestyle, Microbiome, and Social Determinants in Oral Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1094. [PMID: 40227635 PMCID: PMC11988157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2025] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer refers to cancers originating in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal regions. It is the 16th most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms of its progression are still being understood, and interventions to provide early diagnosis need to be improved. More studies have recently been conducted on oral cancer, and many reviews have summarized the findings in this field, focusing on individual factors. However, few review articles have evaluated the combinational impacts of different factors on oral cancer. This review aimed to provide an overview of the combinational effects of three extracellular factors, including lifestyle habits, oral microbiome, and socioeconomic factors, on oral cancer progression. Oral cancer is differentially affected by lifestyle habits; high-sugar diets, processed foods, alcohol, smoking, and possibly sleep disorders benefit its progression, whereas eating natural diets, such as fruits, vegetables, fish, and garlic, drinking tea or coffee, and physical exercise can combat it. The oral microbiome could suppress or promote oral cancer progression. Low socioeconomic status can impact oral cancer development. Furthermore, crosstalk among these three factors affects oral cancer progression. This review has limitations in not including all oral cancer-affecting factors and all important publications. More focus should be placed on the combinational effects of multiple factors on oral cancer progression and treatment. The findings in this study could update researchers on the landscape of oral cancer progression and help formulate approaches to promote oral cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Menon
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; (A.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Vimi S. Mutalik
- Department of Dental Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| | - SPD. Ponamgi
- Department of Biotechnology, Andhra University College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R Ambedkar University, Srikakulam 532410, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; (A.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
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Bandyopadhyay D, Tran ET, Patel RA, Luetzen MA, Cho K, Shriver LP, Patti GJ, Varvares MA, Ford DA, McCommis KS, Ray RB. Momordicine-I suppresses head and neck cancer growth by modulating key metabolic pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:597. [PMID: 39696286 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming which controls cellular homeostasis and therapy resistance. Here, we investigated the effect of momordicine-I (M-I), a key bioactive compound from Momordica charantia (bitter melon), on metabolic pathways in human head and neck cancer (HNC) cells and a mouse HNC tumorigenicity model. We found that M-I treatment on HNC cells significantly reduced the expression of key glycolytic molecules, SLC2A1 (GLUT-1), HK1, PFKP, PDK3, PKM, and LDHA at the mRNA and protein levels. We further observed reduced lactate accumulation, suggesting glycolysis was perturbed in M-I treated HNC cells. Metabolomic analyses confirmed a marked reduction in glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolites in M-I-treated cells. M-I treatment significantly downregulated mRNA and protein expression of essential enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, including ACLY, ACC1, FASN, SREBP1, and SCD1. Using shotgun lipidomics, we found a significant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine loss in M-I treated cells. Subsequently, we observed dysregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and significant reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consumption after M-I treatment. We further observed M-I treatment induced autophagy, activated AMPK and inhibited mTOR and Akt signaling pathways and leading to apoptosis. However, blocking autophagy did not rescue the M-I-mediated alterations in lipogenesis, suggesting an independent mechanism of action. M-I treated mouse HNC MOC2 cell tumors displayed reduced Hk1, Pdk3, Fasn, and Acly expression. In conclusion, our study revealed that M-I inhibits glycolysis, lipid metabolism, induces autophagy in HNC cells and reduces tumor volume in mice. Therefore, M-I-mediated metabolic reprogramming of HNC has the potential for important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoty Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ellen T Tran
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ruchi A Patel
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Matthew A Luetzen
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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