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Xiong H, Luo Y, Zhao H, Wang J, Hu B, Yan C, Yao T, Zhang Y, Shi X, Rennenberg H. Integrated proteome and physiological traits reveal interactive mechanisms of new leaf growth and storage protein degradation with mature leaves of evergreen citrus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae001. [PMID: 38195893 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The growth of fruit trees depends on the nitrogen (N) remobilization in mature tissues and N acquisition from the soil. However, in evergreen mature citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) leaves, proteins with N storage functions and hub molecules involved in driving N remobilization remain largely unknown. Here, we combined proteome and physiological analyses to characterize the spatiotemporal mechanisms of growth of new leaves and storage protein degradation in mature leaves of citrus trees exposed to low-N and high-N fertilization in the field. Results show that the growth of new leaves is driven by remobilization of stored reserves, rather than N uptake by the roots. In this context, proline and arginine in mature leaves acted as N sources supporting the growth of new leaves in spring. Time-series analyses with gel electrophoresis and proteome analysis indicated that the mature autumn shoot leaves are probably the sites of storage protein synthesis, while the aspartic endopeptidase protein is related to the degradation of storage proteins in mature citrus leaves. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis based on protein-protein interactions indicated that glutamate synthetase and ATP-citrate synthetase are hub proteins in N remobilization from mature citrus leaves. These results provide strong physiological data for seasonal optimization of N fertilizer application in citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yayin Luo
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chengquan Yan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei District, 400712 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tingshan Yao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei District, 400712 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Subramanian S, Mitkus E, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Lipo-chitooligosaccharide and thuricin 17 act as plant growth promoters and alleviate drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184158. [PMID: 37601342 PMCID: PMC10436337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (LCO-from Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and thuricin 17 (Th17-from Bacillus thuringiensis) are bacterial signal compounds from the rhizosphere of soybean that have been shown to enhance plant growth in a range of legumes and non-legumes. In this study, an attempt to quantify phytohormones involved in the initial hours after exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to these compounds was conducted using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A petri-plate assay was conducted to screen for drought stress tolerance to PEG 8000 infusion and plant growth was studied 21-days post-stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in trays with drought stress imposed by water withhold were used for free proline determination, elemental analysis, and untargeted proteomics using LC-MS/MS studies. At 24 h post-exposure to the signal compounds under optimal growth conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes varied in their responses to the two signals. While LCO-treated rosettes showed a decrease in total IAA, cytokinins, gibberellins, and jasmonic acid, increases in ABA and SA was very clear. Th17-treated rosettes, on the other hand, showed an increase in IAA and SA. Both treatments resulted in decreased JA levels. Under severe drought stress imposed by PEG 8000 infusion, LCO and Th17 treatments were found to significantly increase fresh and dry weight over drought-stressed control plates, indicating that the presence of the signaling compounds decreased the negative effects experienced by the plants. Free proline content increased in LCO- and Th17-treated plants after water-withhold drought stress. Elemental analysis showed a significant increase in carbon percentage at the lower concentration of Th17. Untargeted proteomics revealed changes in the levels of drought-specific ribosomal proteins, glutathione S-transferase, late embryogenesis proteins, vegetative storage proteins 1 and 2, thaumatin-like proteins, and those related to chloroplast and carbon metabolism. The roles of some of these significantly affected proteins detected under drought stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Mitkus
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alfred Souleimanov
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhu J, Wei X, Yin C, Zhou H, Yan J, He W, Yan J, Li H. ZmEREB57 regulates OPDA synthesis and enhances salt stress tolerance through two distinct signalling pathways in Zea mays. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37326336 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plant, APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF)-domain transcription factors are important in regulating abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, ZmEREB57 encoding a AP2/ERF transcription factor was identified and its function was investigated in maize. ZmEREB57 is a nuclear protein with transactivation activity induced by several abiotic stress types. Furthermore, two CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of ZmEREB57 showed enhanced sensitivity to saline conditions, whereas the overexpression of ZmEREB57 increased salt tolerance in maize and Arabidopsis. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis revealed that ZmEREB57 notably regulates target genes by binding to promoters containing an O-box-like motif (CCGGCC). ZmEREB57 directly binds to the promoter of ZmAOC2 involved in the synthesis of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes involved in regulating stress and redox homeostasis showed differential expression patterns in OPDA- and JA-treated maize seedlings exposed to salt stress compared to those treated with salt stress alone. Analysis of mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of OPDA and JA revealed that OPDA functions as a signalling molecule in the salt response. Our results indicate that ZmEREB57 involves in salt tolerance by regulating OPDA and JA signalling and confirm early observations that OPDA signalling functions independently of JA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xuening Wei
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoshu Yin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Singh S, Chaudhary C, Bharsakale RD, Gazal S, Verma L, Tarannum Z, Behere GT, Giri J, Germain H, Ghosh DK, Sharma AK, Chauhan H. PRpnp, a novel dual activity PNP family protein improves plant vigour and confers multiple stress tolerance in Citrus aurantifolia. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:726-741. [PMID: 36593511 PMCID: PMC10037160 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under field conditions, plants are often simultaneously exposed to several abiotic and biotic stresses resulting in significant reductions in growth and yield; thus, developing a multi-stress tolerant variety is imperative. Previously, we reported the neofunctionalization of a novel PNP family protein, Putranjiva roxburghii purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PRpnp) to trypsin inhibitor to cater to the needs of plant defence. However, to date, no study has revealed the potential role and mechanism of either member of this protein group in plant defence. Here, we overexpressed PRpnp in Citrus aurantifolia which showed nuclear-cytoplasmic localization, where it functions in maintaining the intracellular purine reservoir. Overexpression of PRpnp significantly enhanced tolerance to salt, oxidative stress, alkaline pH, drought and two pests, Papilio demoleus and Scirtothrips citri in transgenic plants. Global gene expression studies revealed that PRpnp overexpression up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ABA- and JA-biosynthesis and signalling, plant defence, growth and development. LC-MS/MS analysis validated higher endogenous ABA and JA accumulation in transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that PRpnp functions by enhancing the endogenous ABA and JA, which interact synergistically and it also inhibits trypsin proteases in the insect gut. Also, like other purine salvage genes, PRpnp also regulates CK metabolism and increases the levels of CK-free bases in transgenic Mexican lime. We also suggest that PRpnp can be used as a potential candidate to develop new varieties with improved plant vigour and enhanced multiple stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeIndia
| | - Chanderkant Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeIndia
| | | | - Snehi Gazal
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQuebecCanada
| | - Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Zeba Tarannum
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeIndia
| | | | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQuebecCanada
| | | | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeIndia
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeIndia
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Song Y, Feng L, Alyafei MAM, Jaleel A, Ren M. Function of Chloroplasts in Plant Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413464. [PMID: 34948261 PMCID: PMC8705820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast has a central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism. In addition to these functions, the chloroplast has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Chloroplasts have their own independent genomes and gene-expression machinery and synthesize phytohormones and a diverse range of secondary metabolites, a significant portion of which contribute the plant response to adverse conditions. Furthermore, chloroplasts communicate with the nucleus through retrograde signaling, for instance, reactive oxygen signaling. All of the above facilitate the chloroplast’s exquisite flexibility in responding to environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of chloroplasts in plant regulatory responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses including heat, chilling, salinity, drought, high light environmental stress conditions, and pathogen invasions. This review will enrich the better understanding of interactions between chloroplast and environmental stresses, and will lay the foundation for genetically enhancing plant-stress acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(13)-527313471
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