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Liu ZW, Zhang YM, Zhang LY, Zhou T, Li YY, Zhou GC, Miao ZM, Shang M, He JP, Ding N, Liu YQ. Duality of Interactions Between TGF-β and TNF-α During Tumor Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:810286. [PMID: 35069596 PMCID: PMC8766837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.810286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is essential for the formation and development of tumors. Cytokines in the microenvironment may affect the growth, metastasis and prognosis of tumors, and play different roles in different stages of tumors, of which transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are critical. The two have synergistic and antagonistic effect on tumor regulation. The inhibition of TGF-β can promote the formation rate of tumor, while TGF-β can promote the malignancy of tumor. TNF-α was initially determined to be a natural immune serum mediator that can induce tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, it has a wide range of biological activities and can be used clinically as a target to immune diseases as well as tumors. However, there are few reports on the interaction between the two in the tumor microenvironment. This paper combs the biological effect of the two in different aspects of different tumors. We summarized the changes and clinical medication rules of the two in different tissue cells, hoping to provide a new idea for the clinical application of the two cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gu-Cheng Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Miao
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Shang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan- Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation at Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Transcriptional analysis of cleft palate in TGFβ3 mutant mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14940. [PMID: 32913205 PMCID: PMC7483747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects, impacting about 1 in 800 births in the USA. Tgf-β3 plays a critical role in regulating murine palate development, and Tgf-β3 null mutants develop cleft palate with 100% penetrance. In this study, we compared global palatal transcriptomes of wild type (WT) and Tgf-β3 −/− homozygous (HM) mouse embryos at the crucial palatogenesis stages of E14.5, and E16.5, using RNA-seq data. We found 1,809 and 2,127 differentially expressed genes at E16.5 vs. E14.5 in the WT and HM groups, respectively (adjusted p < 0.05; |fold change|> 2.0). We focused on the genes that were uniquely up/downregulated in WT or HM at E16.5 vs. E14.5 to identify genes associated with CP. Systems biology analysis relating to cell behaviors and function of WT and HM specific genes identified functional non-Smad pathways and preference of apoptosis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identified 24 HM specific and 11 WT specific genes that are CP-related and/or involved in Tgf-β3 signaling. We validated the expression of 29 of the 35 genes using qRT-PCR and the trend of mRNA expression is similar to that of RNA-seq data . Our results enrich our understanding of genes associated with CP that are directly or indirectly regulated via TGF-β.
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Cohen-Solal KA, Kaufman HL, Lasfar A. Transcription factors as critical players in melanoma invasiveness, drug resistance, and opportunities for therapeutic drug development. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:241-252. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine A. Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research; Department of Surgery; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Howard L. Kaufman
- Department of Surgery; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Department of Medicine; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ USA
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CpG-based immunotherapy impairs antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitors in a B-cell-dependent manner. Oncogene 2017; 36:4081-4086. [PMID: 28263973 PMCID: PMC5509483 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Combining immunotherapy with targeted therapy has increasingly become an appealing therapeutic paradigm for cancer treatment due to its great potential for generating durable and synergistic antitumor response. In this study, however, we unexpectedly found that two types of CpG-based tumor peptide vaccine treatments consistently negated the antitumor activity of a selective BRAF inhibitor in tumors with BRAF mutation rather than showing a synergistic antitumor effect. Our further studies demonstrated that CpG alone was sufficient to dampen BRAF inhibitor-induced antitumor responses, suggesting that the impaired antitumor activity of the BRAF inhibitor observed in mice receiving CpG-based peptide vaccine is mainly dependent upon the use of CpG. Mechanistically, CpG increased the number of circulating B cells, which produced elevated amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) that contributed to the increased tumor resistance to BRAF inhibitors. More importantly, B-cell depletion or TNFα neutralization can restore the antitumor effect of BRAF inhibition in mice receiving CpG treatment, indicating that TNFα-secreting B cells play an indispensable role in BRAF inhibitor resistance induced by CpG. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that precautions must be implemented when designing combinatorial approaches for cancer treatment, because distinct regimens, despite their respective therapeutic benefit as monotherapy, may together provide antagonistic clinical outcomes.
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Faião-Flores F, Alves-Fernandes DK, Pennacchi PC, Sandri S, Vicente ALSA, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Vazquez VL, Reis RM, Chauhan J, Goding CR, Smalley KS, Maria-Engler SS. Targeting the hedgehog transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 restores sensitivity to vemurafenib-resistant human melanoma cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:1849-1861. [PMID: 27748762 PMCID: PMC5378933 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy for melanoma patients harboring the V600E mutation is initially highly effective, but almost all patients relapse within a few months. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning BRAFi-based therapy is therefore an important issue. Here we identified a previously unsuspected mechanism of BRAFi resistance driven by elevated Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation that is observed in a cohort of melanoma patients after vemurafenib treatment. Specifically, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines, with acquired in vitro-induced vemurafenib resistance, show increased levels of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 and 2 (GLI1/GLI2) compared with naïve cells. We also observed these findings in clinical melanoma specimens. Moreover, the increased expression of the transcription factors GLI1/GLI2 was independent of canonical Hh signaling and was instead correlated with the noncanonical Hh pathway, involving TGFβ/SMAD (transforming growth factor-β/Sma- and Mad-related family) signaling. Knockdown of GLI1 and GLI2 restored sensitivity to vemurafenib-resistant cells, an effect associated with both growth arrest and senescence. Treatment of vemurafenib-resistant cells with the GLI1/GLI2 inhibitor Gant61 led to decreased invasion of the melanoma cells in a three-dimensional skin reconstruct model and was associated with a decrease in metalloproteinase (MMP2/MMP9) expression and microphthalmia transcription factor upregulation. Gant61 monotherapy did not alter the drug sensitivity of naïve cells, but could reverse the resistance of melanoma cells chronically treated with vemurafenib. We further noted that alternating dosing schedules of Gant61 and vemurafenib prevented the onset of BRAFi resistance, suggesting that this could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of therapeutic escape. Our results suggest that targeting the Hh pathway in BRAFi-resistant melanoma may represent a viable therapeutic strategy to restore vemurafenib sensitivity, reducing or even inhibiting the acquired chemoresistance in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faião-Flores
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D K Alves-Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P C Pennacchi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Sandri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A L S A Vicente
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - C Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - V L Vazquez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Surgery Melanoma/Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - R M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - C R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - K S Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - S S Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Menon DR, Schaider H. Microenvironment-Driven Resistance to BRAF Inhibition Comes of Age. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2923-2925. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hölzel M, Landsberg J, Glodde N, Bald T, Rogava M, Riesenberg S, Becker A, Jönsson G, Tüting T. A Preclinical Model of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor-like Melanoma Is Characterized by Infiltrating Mast Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 76:251-63. [PMID: 26511633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human melanomas exhibit considerable genetic, pathologic, and microenvironmental heterogeneity. Genetically engineered mice have successfully been used to model the genomic aberrations contributing to melanoma pathogenesis, but their ability to recapitulate the phenotypic variability of human disease and the complex interactions with the immune system have not been addressed. Here, we report the unexpected finding that immune cell-poor pigmented and immune cell-rich amelanotic melanomas developed simultaneously in Cdk4R24C-mutant mice upon melanocyte-specific conditional activation of oncogenic BrafV600E and a single application of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Interestingly, amelanotic melanomas showed morphologic and molecular features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). A bioinformatic cross-species comparison using a gene expression signature of MPNST-like mouse melanomas identified a subset of human melanomas with a similar histomorphology. Furthermore, this subset of human melanomas was found to be highly associated with a mast cell gene signature, and accordingly, mouse MPNST-like melanomas were also extensively infiltrated by mast cells and expressed mast cell chemoattractants similar to human counterparts. A transplantable mouse MPNST-like melanoma cell line recapitulated mast cell recruitment in syngeneic mice, demonstrating that this cell state can directly reconstitute the histomorphologic and microenvironmental features of primary MPNST-like melanomas. Our study emphasizes the importance of reciprocal, phenotype-dependent melanoma-immune cell interactions and highlights a critical role for mast cells in a subset of melanomas. Moreover, our BrafV600E-Cdk4R24C model represents an attractive system for the development of therapeutic approaches that can target the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment characteristic of human melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Glodde
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Meri Rogava
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Riesenberg
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Becker
- Section of Translational Epileptology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Bertrand F, Rochotte J, Colacios C, Montfort A, Tilkin-Mariamé AF, Touriol C, Rochaix P, Lajoie-Mazenc I, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T, Benoist H, Ségui B. Blocking Tumor Necrosis Factor α Enhances CD8 T-cell–Dependent Immunity in Experimental Melanoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2619-28. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Westphal P, Mauch C, Florin A, Czerwitzki J, Olligschläger N, Wodtke C, Schüle R, Büttner R, Friedrichs N. Enhanced FHL2 and TGF-β1 Expression Is Associated With Invasive Growth and Poor Survival in Malignant Melanomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:248-56; quiz 307. [PMID: 25596251 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpxec6cit2txaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the expression and the role of four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in human malignant melanoma. It is determined whether both proteins influence melanoma survival time. METHODS We analyzed the immunohistochemical staining intensities of FHL2 and TGF-β1 in normal skin and in 50 malignant melanomas with different mutation status (BRAF-V600E, NRAS codon 61 mutation, and wild type). Survival data were available for 45 cases. RESULTS In melanocytes of nonneoplastic human skin, FHL2 expression was absent. In contrast, 38 (76%) of 50 melanomas showed strong cytoplasmic and partly nuclear FHL2 expression. At the invasion front, cytoplasmic TGF-β1 staining was observed in 32 (64%) of 50 melanomas, and a correlation of FHL2 and TGF-β1 staining intensities was detectable. In follow-up analyses, enhanced FHL2 and TGF-β1 staining intensities in the tumor invasion front were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced FHL2 and TGF-β1 expression is correlated with poor survival in human malignant melanoma. Protumorigenic effects of autocrine TGF-β1 secretion might be exerted by induction of FHL2 expression in melanoma cells. Since melanomas treated with targeted therapies often do not show sufficient response rates, inhibition of FHL2 and/or TGF-β1 might be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Westphal
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florin
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nina Olligschläger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Wodtke
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Friedrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
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