1
|
Ramirez-Suarez KI, Schoeman S, Otero HJ, Smith CL, Biko DM. State-of-the-art imaging for children with central lymphatic disorders. Semin Pediatr Surg 2024; 33:151417. [PMID: 38824737 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2024.151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic imaging plays a crucial role in novel lymphatic interventions, offering valuable insights into central lymphatic drainage. Lymphatic system abnormalities may appear in various pediatric disorders, and accurate imaging is crucial for effective diagnosis and tailored therapeutic interventions. Traditional imaging modalities have offered valuable insights, but the demand for non-invasive, high-resolution techniques has fueled the development of innovative lymphatic imaging methods. In this review, we explore the state of the art in lymphatic imaging specifically within the context of pediatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Ramirez-Suarez
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sean Schoeman
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammer V, Schaeffer T, Staehler H, Heinisch PP, Burri M, Piber N, Lemmer J, Hager A, Ewert P, Hörer J, Ono M. Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Plastic Bronchitis Following the Total Cavopulmonary Connections. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2023; 14:691-698. [PMID: 37551120 DOI: 10.1177/21501351231185111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate incidence, outcomes, and predictors of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB) in a cohort of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). METHODS We included 620 consecutive patients undergoing TCPC between 1994 and 2021. Prevalence and predictors for onset of PLE/PB were evaluated. Death and heart transplantation after onset of PLE/PB were examined. RESULTS A total of 41 patients presented with PLE/PB (31 with PLE, 15 with PB, and 5 developed both PLE and PB). Their median age at TCPC was 2.2 (interquartile ranges [IQRs], 1.7-3.7) years, and time period to onset for PLE was 2.6 (IQR: 1.0-6.6) years and for PB was 1.1 (IQR: 0.3-4.1) years after TCPC. Independent factors for developing PLE/PB were dominant right ventricle (RV, hazard ratio [HR], 2.243; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.129-4.458, P = .021) and prolonged pleural effusion after TCPC (HR, 2.101; 95% CI, 1.090-4.049, P = .027). In PLE/PB population, freedom from death or transplantation after PLE/PB diagnosis at 5 and 10 years were 88.7% and 76.4%, respectively. Eleven surgical interventions were performed in 10 patients, comprising atrioventricular valve repairs (n = 4), Fontan pathway revisions (n = 2), pacemaker implantation (n = 2), secondary fenestration (n = 1), diaphragm plication (n = 1), and ventricular assist device implantation (n = 1). In nine patients, a recovery from PLE with the resolution of PLE symptoms and normal protein levels was achieved. Eight patients died and the remaining continued to have challenging protein loss. CONCLUSIONS Protein-losing enteropathy and PB remain severe complications in the cohort of TCPC. Patients with dominant RV, and prolonged pleural effusions, were at risk for PLE/PB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hammer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibault Schaeffer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Staehler
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Philipp Heinisch
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Melchior Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Piber
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Lemmer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfred Hager
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Masamichi Ono
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trocchia C, Mauer T, Mitchell S, Collard M, Asante-Korang A, Wilsey M. Lymphatic Leakage in Pediatric Heart Transplantation: Early Recognition and Timely Management with Interventional Radiologic and Endoscopic Therapy. JPGN REPORTS 2023; 4:e381. [PMID: 38034460 PMCID: PMC10684213 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a severe complication of the Fontan procedure that leads to systemic complications owing to enteric protein loss. Hepatoduodenal lymphatic leakage resulting from increased lymphatic pressure is one such complication. We present the case of a pediatric heart transplant patient who experienced refractory PLE symptoms requiring serial albumin infusions and exhibited lymphatic leakage into the duodenum. Using diagnostic lymphangiography and endoscopy, we identified the affected area and treated it successfully with endoscopic sclerotherapy using ethanolamine injection. This treatment allowed for the cessation of lymphatic fluid and may serve as a potential intervention for PLE-associated hepatoduodenal lymphatic leakage. The present case highlights the importance of early recognition and timely intervention with radiology and endoscopic therapy to manage PLE and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolena Trocchia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL
| | - Tian Mauer
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL
| | - Sally Mitchell
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL
| | - Michael Collard
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL
| | - Alfred Asante-Korang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Wilsey
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramirez-Suarez KI, Tierradentro-García LO, Biko DM, Otero HJ, White AM, Dori Y, Smith CL, Vatsky S, Rapp JB. Lymphatic anomalies in congenital heart disease. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1862-1876. [PMID: 35840695 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease can lead to various lymphatic complications including traumatic leaks, lymphatic overproduction, conduction abnormalities or lymphedema. Advancements in the imaging of central lymphatics and guided interventions have improved outcomes in these children. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography allows for the assessment of abnormal lymphatic drainage. This technique is preferred for evaluating lymphatic conditions such as plastic bronchitis, chylothorax, chyloptysis, chylopericardium, protein-losing enteropathy and chylous ascites, among other lymphatic disorders. In this review, we discuss lymphatic abnormalities encountered on MRI in children with congenital heart disease. We also briefly review treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Ramirez-Suarez
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ammie M White
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yoav Dori
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth Vatsky
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan B Rapp
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|