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Aviles-Noriega A, Serrato-Diaz LM, Giraldo-Zapata MC, Cuevas HE, Rivera-Vargas LI. The Sigatoka Disease Complex Caused by Pseudocercospora spp. and Other Fungal Pathogens Associated with Musa spp. in Puerto Rico. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS03230433RE. [PMID: 37966473 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0433-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the world's most economically important staple food crops. The most important fungal leaf diseases of Musa spp. worldwide are caused by the Sigatoka disease complex, which comprises black Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis), yellow Sigatoka (P. musae), and Eumusae leaf spot (P. eumusae). Considering the rapid spreading rate of black Sigatoka in Puerto Rico since its first observation in 2004, a disease survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the Sigatoka disease complex on the island. Sixty-one leaf samples showing Sigatoka-like symptoms were collected throughout the island for diagnosis by molecular approaches and fungal isolation. Molecular analysis using species-specific primers for P. fijiensis, P. musae, and P. eumusae detected the presence of P. fijiensis in 50 leaf samples. Thirty-eight fungal isolates were collected and identified by morphology and genomic sequencing from various nuclear genes. The analysis identified 24 isolates as P. fijiensis, while the rest of the isolates belonged to the genus Cladosporium spp. and Cladosporium-like spp. (n = 5), Neocordana musae (n = 2), Zasmidium spp. (n = 6), and Z. musigenum (n = 1). The high frequency of P. fijiensis found in leaf samples and collected isolates suggests that black Sigatoka has displaced the yellow Sigatoka (P. musae) in Puerto Rico. Accurate identification of fungal species causing foliar diseases in Musa spp. will allow the establishment of quarantine regulations and specific management approaches in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Aviles-Noriega
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Luz M Serrato-Diaz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, PR 00680
| | - Martha C Giraldo-Zapata
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Hugo E Cuevas
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayagüez, PR 00680
| | - Lydia I Rivera-Vargas
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Peng WW, Kuang M, Huang YT, Li MF, Zheng YT, Xu L, Tan JB, Kang FH, Tan HB, Zou ZX. Pseudocercones A-C, three new polyketide derivatives from the endophytic fungus Pseudocercospora sp. TSS-1. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1248-1255. [PMID: 36308293 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an EtOAc extract of the endophytic fungus Pseudocercospora sp. TSS-1 led to the isolation of three new polyketide derivatives, including one benzophenon derivative (1), two spirocyclic polyketides (4 and 5), along with four known compounds (2, 3, 6 and 7). Their structures and the absolute configurations were characterized by means of NMR, HRESIMS, 13C NMR and theoretical electronic circular dichroism calculations. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against four microbial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 displayed significant selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC values ranging from 3.9 to 7.8 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Min Kuang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Tao Huang
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Li
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bing Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hua Kang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
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Pseudocercospora rizhaoensis sp. nov. Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Ligustrum japonicum in China. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligustrum japonicum is a common ornamental tree species in China. However, leaf spot disease has emerged in Rizhao City, Shandong Province of China in recent years. Members of Pseudocercospora are usually known as plant pathogens, mainly causing leaf spots and blights. Species of this genus are distinguished mainly based on morphological differences on the host plants, as well as the molecular data. A new species named Pseudocercospora rizhaoensis on Ligustrum japonicum is introduced herein based on morphology and molecular data of combined ITS, LSU, act, tef1 and rpb2 sequences. Koch’s postulates were confirmed by a pathogenicity test, re-isolation and identification.
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Kimunye J, Were E, Swennen R, Viljoen A, Mahuku G. Sources of resistance to Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the cause of black Sigatoka in banana. PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 70:1651-1664. [PMID: 34588709 PMCID: PMC8453767 DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is one of the most devastating diseases of banana. In commercial banana-growing systems, black Sigatoka is primarily managed by fungicides. This mode of disease management is not feasible for resource-limited smallholder farmers. Therefore, bananas resistant to P. fijiensis provide a practical solution for managing the disease, especially under smallholder farming systems. Most banana and plantain hybrids with resistance to P. fijiensis were developed using few sources of resistance, which include Calcutta 4 and Pisang Lilin. To broaden the pool of resistance sources to P. fijiensis, 95 banana accessions were evaluated under field conditions in Sendusu, Uganda. Eleven accessions were resistant to P. fijiensis. Black Sigatoka symptoms did not progress past Stage 2 (narrow brown streaks) in the diploid accessions Pahang (AA), Pisang KRA (AA), Malaccensis 0074 (AA), Long Tavoy (AA), M.A. Truncata (AA), Tani (BB), and Balbisiana (BB), a response similar to the resistant control Calcutta 4. These accessions are potential sources of P. fijiensis resistance and banana breeding programmes can use them to broaden the genetic base for resistance to P. fijiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Kimunye
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureKampalaUganda
- Department of Plant PathologyPrivate Bag X1Stellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Evans Were
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg‐InstituteUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Rony Swennen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop ImprovementKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureArushaTanzania
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant PathologyPrivate Bag X1Stellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureKampalaUganda
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureDar es SalaamTanzania
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Kimunye JN, Muzhinji N, Mostert D, Viljoen A, Bester-van der Merwe AE, Mahuku G. Genetic Diversity and Mating Type Distribution of Pseudocercospora fijiensis on Banana in Uganda and Tanzania. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:741-750. [PMID: 32931393 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-20-0138-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is a major foliar disease of banana and plantain worldwide. There are few available data regarding the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen in East Africa, which are needed to design effective and durable disease management strategies. We genotyped 319 single-spore isolates of P. fijiensis collected from seven regions in Uganda and Tanzania and five isolates from Nigeria using 16 simple sequence repeat markers and mating type-specific primers. Isolates from each country and region within the country were treated as populations and subpopulations, respectively. A total of 296 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were recovered, representing a clonal fraction of 7%. Subpopulations had a moderate level of genetic diversity (Hexp = 0.12 to 0.31; mean, 0.29). Mating type distribution did not deviate from equilibrium (MAT1-1: MAT1-2, 1:1 ratio) in Uganda; however, in Tanzania the mating types were not in equilibrium (4:1 ratio). The index of association tests (IA and r̄d) showed that all populations were at linkage equilibrium (P > 0.05), thus supporting the hypothesis of random association of alleles. These findings are consistent with a pathogen that reproduces both clonally and sexually. Low and insignificant levels of population differentiation were detected, with 90% of the variation occurring among isolates within subpopulations. The high intrapopulation variation has implications in breeding for resistance to P. fijiensis because isolates differing in aggressiveness and virulence are likely to exist over small spatial scales. Diverse isolates will be required for resistance screening to ensure selection of banana cultivars with durable resistance to Sigatoka in East Africa.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet N Kimunye
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Plant Pathology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Norman Muzhinji
- Department of Applied and Natural Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Diane Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | | | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box, 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Gutierrez-Armijos R, Sussmann RAC, Silber AM, Cortez M, Hernandez A. Abnormal sterol-induced cell wall glucan deficiency in yeast is due to impaired glucan synthase transport to the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2020; 477:BCJ20200663. [PMID: 33094814 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal sterols disrupt cellular functions through yet unclear mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of Δ8-sterols, the same type of sterols observed in patients of Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome or in fungi after amine fungicide treatment, leads to cell wall weakness. We have studied the influence of Δ8-sterols on the activity of glucan synthase I, the protein synthetizing the main polymer in fungal cell walls, its regulation by the Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway, and its transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. We ascertained that the catalytic characteristics were mostly unaffected by the presence of abnormal sterols but the enzyme was partially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to glucan deficit at the cell wall. Furthermore, we observed that glucan synthase I traveled through an unconventional exocytic route to the plasma membrane that is associated with low density intracellular membranes. Also, we found out that the CWI pathway remained inactive despite low glucan levels at the cell wall. Taken together, these data suggest that Δ8-sterols affect cell walls by inhibiting unconventional secretion of proteins leading to retention and degradation of glucan synthase I, while the compensatory CWI pathway is unable to activate. These results could be instrumental to understand defects of bone development in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders and fungicide mechanisms of action.
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