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Wang Y, Hu Y, Ren H, Zhao X, Yuan Z. Integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic, and functional analyses unravel the mechanism of bagging delaying fruit cracking of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2024; 451:139384. [PMID: 38692235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The economic impact of fruit cracking in pomegranate products is substantial. In this study, we present the inaugural comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome in the outermost pericarp of pomegranate fruit in bagging conditions. Our investigation revealed a notable upregulation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the calcium signaling pathway (76.92%) and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) genes (87.50%) in the fruit peel of non-cracking fruit under bagging. Metabolomic analysis revealed that multiple phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were identified in pomegranate. Among these, calmodulin-like 23 (PgCML23) exhibited a significant correlation with triterpenoids and demonstrated a marked upregulation under bagging treatment. The transgenic tomatoes overexpressing PgCML23 exhibited significantly higher cellulose content and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) enzyme activity in the pericarp at the red ripening stage compared to the wild type. Conversely, water-soluble pectin content, polygalacturonase (PG), and β-galactosidase (β-GAL) enzyme activities were significantly lower in the transgenic tomatoes. Importantly, the heterologous expression of PgCML23 led to a substantial reduction in the fruit cracking rate in tomatoes. Our findings highlight the reduction of fruit cracking in bagging conditions through the manipulation of PgCML23 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yaping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Subtropical Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Hongfang Ren
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Zhang S, Yu X, Chen M, Chang C, Zhu J, Zhao H. Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveal Mechanisms of Red Leaf Color Fading in Populus × euramericana cv. 'Zhonghuahongye'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3511. [PMID: 37836251 PMCID: PMC10575148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the flavonoids that serve as the principal pigments affecting the color of plants. During leaf growth, the leaf color of 'Zhonghuahongye' gradually changes from copper-brown to yellow-green. At present, the mechanism of color change at different stages has not yet been discovered. To find this, we compared the color phenotype, metabolome, and transcriptome of the three leaf stages. The results showed that the anthocyanin content of leaves decreased by 62.5% and the chlorophyll content increased by 204.35%, 69.23%, 155.56% and 60%, respectively. Differential metabolites and genes were enriched in the pathway related to the synthesis of 'Zhonghuahongye' flavonoids and anthocyanins and to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, 273 flavonoid metabolites were detected, with a total of eight classes. DFR, FLS and ANS downstream of anthocyanin synthesis may be the key structural genes in reducing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the green leaf of 'Zhonghuahongye'. The results of multi-omics analysis showed that the formation of color was primarily affected by anthocyanin regulation and its related synthesis-affected genes. This study preliminarily analyzed the green regression gene and metabolic changes in 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves and constitutes a reference for the molecular breeding of 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Zhang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
- College of Rural Revitalization, The Open University of Henan, 36 Longzi Lake North Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xinran Yu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan 1st Road, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Cuifang Chang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and the Arts, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
| | - Han Zhao
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 3 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
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Kumar S, Swamy N, Tuli HS, Rani S, Garg A, Mishra D, Abdulabbas HS, Sandhu SS. Myricetin: a potential plant-derived anticancer bioactive compound-an updated overview. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2179-2196. [PMID: 37083713 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The globe is currently confronting a global fight against the deadliest cancer sickness. Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are among cancer treatment options. Still, these treatments can induce patient side effects, including recurrence, multidrug resistance, fever, and weakness. As a result, the scientific community is always working on natural phytochemical substances. Numerous phytochemical compounds, including taxol analogues, vinca alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin analogues, are currently undergoing testing and have shown promising results against a number of the deadliest diseases, as well as considerable advantages due to their safety and low cost. According to research, secondary plant metabolites such as myricetin, a flavonoid in berries, herbs, and walnuts, have emerged as valuable bio-agents for cancer prevention. Myricetin and its derivatives have antiinflammatory, anticancer, apoptosis-inducing, and anticarcinogenic properties and can prevent cancer cell proliferation. Multiple studies have found that myricetin has anticancer characteristics in various malignancies, including colon, breast, prostate, bladder, and pancreatic cancers. Current knowledge of the anticancer effects of myricetin reveals its promise as a potentially bioactive chemical produced from plants for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review aimed to study the numerous bioactivities, mode of action, and modification of several cellular processes that myricetin possesses to impede the spread of cancer cells. This review also addresses the challenges and future prospects of using myricetin as a anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Girls College Khargone, 451001, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Swamy
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Government M. H. College of Home Science & Science for Women, Autonomous, Jabalpur, 482002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Garg
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepa Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri Mahila Mahavidyalaya Jabalpur, 482001, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas
- Continuous Education Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Sardul Singh Sandhu
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Kumar P, Kaplan Y, Endelman JB, Ginzberg I. Epigenetic Modifications Related to Potato Skin Russeting. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2057. [PMID: 37653974 PMCID: PMC10222780 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Potato tuber skin is a protective corky tissue consisting of suberized phellem cells. Smooth-skinned varieties are characterized by a clean, shiny appearance compared to the darker hue of russeted potatoes. The rough skin of russeted cultivars is a desired, genetically inherited characteristic; however, unwanted russeting of smooth-skinned cultivars often occurs under suboptimal growth conditions. The involvement of epigenetic modifiers in regulating the smooth skin russeting disorder was tested. We used smooth-skin commercial cultivars with and without the russeting disorder and three lines from a breeding population segregating for russeting. Anatomically, the russet skin showed similar characteristics, whether the cause was environmentally triggered or genetically determined. The old outer layers of the corky phellem remain attached to the newly formed phellem layers instead of being sloughed off. Global DNA methylation analysis indicated a significant reduction in the percentage of 5-methylcytosine in mature vs. immature skin and russet vs. smooth skin. This was true for both the smooth-skin commercial cultivars and the russeted lines. The expression level of selected DNA methyltransferases was reduced in accordance. DNA demethylase expression did not change between the skin types and age. Hence, the reduced DNA methylation in mature and russet skin is more likely to be achieved through passive DNA demethylation and loss of methyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yulia Kaplan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Endelman
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, 68 HaMacabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (Y.K.)
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Kumar P, Ginzberg I. Potato Periderm Development and Tuber Skin Quality. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162099. [PMID: 36015402 PMCID: PMC9415511 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The periderm is a corky tissue that replaces the epidermis when the latter is damaged, and is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and water loss. The periderm is formed through the meristematic activity of phellogen cells (cork cambium). The potato skin (phellem cells) composes the outer layers of the tuber periderm and is a model for studying cork development. Early in tuber development and following tuber expansion, the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. New skin layers are continuously added by division of the phellogen cells until tuber maturation. Some physiological disorders of the potato tuber are related to abnormal development of the skin, including skinning injuries and russeting of smooth-skinned potatoes. Thus, characterizing the potato periderm contributes to modeling cork development in plants and helps to resolve critical agricultural problems. Here, we summarize the data available on potato periderm formation, highlighting tissue characteristics rather than the suberization processes.
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Ahn JY, Kim J, Yang JY, Lee HJ, Kim S, Cho KS, Lee SH, Kim JH, Lee TH, Hur Y, Shim D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Two Potato Cultivars in Tuber Induction to Reveal Associated Genes with Anthocyanin Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073681. [PMID: 35409041 PMCID: PMC8998591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are generally accumulated within a few layers, including the epidermal cells of leaves and stems in plants. Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Jayoung’ (hereafter, JY) is known to accumulate anthocyanin both in inner tissues and skins. We discovered that anthocyanin accumulation in the inner tissues of JY was almost diminished (more than 95% was decreased) in tuber induction condition. To investigate the transcriptomic mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in JY flesh, which can be modulated by growth condition, we performed mRNA sequencing with white-colored flesh tissue of Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Atlantic’ (hereafter, ‘Daeseo’, DS) grown under canonical growth conditions, a JY flesh sample grown under canonical growth conditions, and a JY flesh sample grown under tuber induction conditions. We could identify 36 common DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in JY flesh from canonical growth conditions that showed JY-specifically increased or decreased expression level. These genes were enriched with flavonoid biosynthetic process terms in GO analysis, as well as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis. Further in silico analysis on expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including rate-limiting genes such as StCHS and StCHI followed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed a strong positive correlation with the observed phenotypes. Finally, we identified StWRKY44 from 36 common DEGs as a possible regulator of anthocyanin accumulation, which was further supported by network analysis. In conclusion, we identified StWRKY44 as a putative regulator of tuber-induction-dependent anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Ju Yeon Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Soyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Kwang-Soo Cho
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Admin-istration, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyun Kim
- Division of Genomics, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Division of Genomics, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (H.J.L.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (D.S.)
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Wu S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Wang Y. How does Malus crabapple resist ozone? Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110832. [PMID: 32563158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3), an oxidizing toxic air pollutant, is ubiquitous in industrialized and developing countries. To understand the effects of O3 exposure on apple (Malus) and to explore its defense mechanisms, we exposed 'Hongjiu' crabapple to O3 and monitored its responses using physiological, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses. Exposure to 300 nL L-1 O3 for 3 h caused obvious damage to the leaves of Malus crabapple, affected chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and activated antioxidant enzymes. The gene encoding phospholipase A was highly responsive to O3 in Malus crabapple. McWRKY75 is a key transcription factor in the response to O3 stress, and its transcript levels were positively correlated with those of flavonoid-related structural genes (McC4H, McDFR, and McANR). The ethylene response factors McERF019 and McERF109-like were also up-regulated by O3. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) decreased the damaging effects of O3 on crabapple and was most effective at 200 μmol L -1. Treatments with MeJA altered the metabolic pathways of crabapple under O3 stress. In particular, MeJA activated the flavonoid metabolic pathway in Malus, which improved its resistance to O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai-An, 271000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai-An, 271000, China
| | - Junkang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai-An, 271000, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai-An, 271000, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China.
| | - Yanling Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271000, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai-An, 271000, China.
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Bong SJ, Jeon J, Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification and analysis of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and phenylpropanoid accumulation in watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32477847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a cruciferous plant consumed by people worldwide. This vegetable contains numerous health-benefiting compounds; however, gene information and metabolomic profiling of individual parts for this plant species are scarce. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phenylpropanoids in different parts of watercress. We identified 11 genes encoding enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of watercress. The result showed that most of the genes were expressed at the highest levels in the flowers. HPLC analysis performed in samples from these same parts revealed the presence of seven phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The content of total phenylpropanoids was the highest in flowers, followed by that in the leaves, whereas the lowest level was generally detected in the stems. Rutin was the most abundant phenylpropanoid in all plant segments, while quercetin was detected only in the flowers and roots. This study provides useful information for further molecular and functional research involving N. officinale and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Bong
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- 2Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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Keren-Keiserman A, Baghel RS, Fogelman E, Faingold I, Zig U, Yermiyahu U, Ginzberg I. Effects of Polyhalite Fertilization on Skin Quality of Potato Tuber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1379. [PMID: 31737008 PMCID: PMC6831613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protective peel of potato tuber consists of periderm tissue, the outmost cell layers of which contain corky cell walls and are termed "skin". The skin protects the tuber from water loss and pathogen invasion, and its visual appearance is a highly important marketing factor. Physiological skin blemishes are of great concern, mainly russeting disorder and skinning injuries. We previously showed that application of calcium (Ca) reduces the rate and severity of skin russeting. Here, polyhalite fertilization was tested as an alternative source of Ca. The polyhalite mineral is a hydrated sulfate of potassium (K), Ca, and magnesium (Mg), and thus contains additional important nutrients that may contribute to skin quality. Furthermore, in view of the direct interaction of soil mineral elements with the tuber skin, we tested application of polyhalite at the end of the growth period, assuming that providing the mineral at the last stages of skin development may enhance its quality. Accordingly, polyhalite was applied at three time points: preplanting, in-season at around 3-4 weeks prior to haulm desiccation, and 2 days post-haulm desiccation. The experiments included several cultivars and locations. Data indicated that late application of polyhalite, after haulm desiccation, results in reduced concentrations of Ca and Mg and increased concentration of K in the tuber peel of fertilized plants compared to controls. Tuber appearance was improved, and the expression of FHT and CYP86A33, indicator genes for skin suberization, was significantly upregulated. Earlier applications of the polyhalite mineral did not alter mineral elements concentrations in the tuber peel compared to control plants. Overall, polyhalite fertilization positively affected tuber skin appearance and skin-related gene expression. However, the effect was moderate, and the mineral did not fully mitigate skin imperfections. The effect of polyhalite may be dependent on local conditions and cultivar type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Keren-Keiserman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ravi Singh Baghel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Inna Faingold
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel
| | - Uri Zig
- Hevel Maon Enterprises, Negev, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Vulavala VKR, Fogelman E, Faigenboim A, Shoseyov O, Ginzberg I. The transcriptome of potato tuber phellogen reveals cellular functions of cork cambium and genes involved in periderm formation and maturation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10216. [PMID: 31308437 PMCID: PMC6629697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The periderm is a protective corky tissue that is formed through the cambial activity of phellogen cells, when the outer epidermis is damaged. Timely periderm formation is critical to prevent pathogen invasion and water loss. The outer layers of the potato periderm, the tuber skin, serves as a model to study cork development. Early in tuber development the phellogen becomes active and produces the skin. During tuber maturation it becomes inactive and the skin adheres to the tuber flesh. The characterization of potato phellogen may contribute to the management of costly agricultural problems related to incomplete skin-set and the resulting skinning injuries, and provide us with new knowledge regarding cork development in planta. A transcriptome of potato tuber phellogen isolated by laser capture microdissection indicated similarity to vascular cambium and the cork from trees. Highly expressed genes and transcription factors indicated that phellogen activation involves cytokinesis and gene reprograming for the establishment of a dedifferentiation state; whereas inactivation is characterized by activity of genes that direct organ identity in meristem and cell-wall modifications. The expression of selected genes was analyzed using qPCR in native and wound periderm at distinct developmental stages. This allowed the identification of genes involved in periderm formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya K R Vulavala
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P. O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.,The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P. O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P. O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P. O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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Fogelman E, Oren-Shamir M, Hirschberg J, Mandolino G, Parisi B, Ovadia R, Tanami Z, Faigenboim A, Ginzberg I. Nutritional value of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in hot climates: anthocyanins, carotenoids, and steroidal glycoalkaloids. PLANTA 2019; 249:1143-1155. [PMID: 30603793 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth in hot climates selectively alters potato tuber secondary metabolism-such as the anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glycoalkaloids-changing its nutritive value and the composition of health-promoting components. Potato breeding for improved nutritional value focuses mainly on increasing the health-promoting carotenoids and anthocyanins, and controlling toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Metabolite levels are genetically determined, but developmental, tissue-specific, and environmental cues affect their final content. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were applied to monitor carotenoid, anthocyanin, and SGA metabolite levels and their biosynthetic genes' expression under heat stress. The studied cultivars differed in tuber flesh carotenoid concentration and peel anthocyanin concentration. Gene expression studies showed heat-induced downregulation of specific genes for SGA, anthocyanin, and carotenoid biosynthesis. KEGG database mapping of the heat transcriptome indicated reduced gene expression for specific metabolic pathways rather than a global heat response. Targeted metabolomics indicated reduced SGA concentration, but anthocyanin pigments concentration remained unchanged, probably due to their stabilization in the vacuole. Total carotenoid level did not change significantly in potato tuber flesh, but their composition did. Results suggest that growth in hot climates selectively alters tuber secondary metabolism, changing its nutritive value and composition of health-promoting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Fogelman
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Mandolino
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Via di Corticella, 133-40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Parisi
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Via di Corticella, 133-40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rinat Ovadia
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zachariah Tanami
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Chaves-Silva S, Santos ALD, Chalfun-Júnior A, Zhao J, Peres LEP, Benedito VA. Understanding the genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants - Tools for breeding purple varieties of fruits and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 153:11-27. [PMID: 29803860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. There is increasing evidence of the preventative and protective roles of anthocyanins against a broad range of pathologies, including different cancer types and metabolic diseases. However, most of the fresh produce available to consumers typically contains only small amounts of anthocyanins, mostly limited to the epidermis of plant organs. Therefore, transgenic and non-transgenic approaches have been proposed to enhance the levels of this phytonutrient in vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Here, were review the current literature on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in model and crop species, including the structural and regulatory genes involved in the differential pigmentation patterns of plant structures. Furthermore, we explore the genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the reasons why it is strongly repressed in specific cell types, in order to create more efficient breeding strategies to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fresh fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chaves-Silva
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Luís Dos Santos
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Júnior
- Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA.
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A comparative transcriptome analysis of a wild purple potato and its red mutant provides insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191406. [PMID: 29360842 PMCID: PMC5779664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a red mutant was obtained through in vitro regeneration of a wild purple potato. High-performance liquid chromatography and Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside were main anthocyanins in the mutant and wild type tubers, respectively. In order to thoroughly understand the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation in two materials, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant and wild type was carried out through high-throughput RNA sequencing, and 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of DEGs was consistent with the transcriptome date. The DEGs mainly influenced biological and metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and translation, and biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the analysis of structural genes expressions showed that three genes, one encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, one encoding 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and one encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylasem were significantly down-regulated in the mutant; one gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the transcription factors, such as bZIP family, MYB family, LOB family, MADS family, zf-HD family and C2H2 family, were significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. Response proteins of hormone, such as gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid, were also significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. The information contributes to discovering the candidate genes in anthocyanin transformation, which can serve as a comprehensive resource for molecular mechanism research of anthocyanin transformation in potatoes.
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Lu Y, Chen Q, Bu Y, Luo R, Hao S, Zhang J, Tian J, Yao Y. Flavonoid Accumulation Plays an Important Role in the Rust Resistance of Malus Plant Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1286. [PMID: 28769974 PMCID: PMC5514348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium yamadai Miyabe) is a fungal disease that causes substantial injury to apple trees and results in fruit with reduced size and quality and a lower commercial value. The molecular mechanisms underlying the primary and secondary metabolic effects of rust spots on the leaves of Malus apple cultivars are poorly understood. Using HPLC, we found that the contents of flavonoid compounds, especially anthocyanin and catechin, were significantly increased in rust-infected symptomatic tissue (RIT). The expression levels of structural genes and MYB transcription factors related to flavonoid biosynthesis were one- to seven-fold higher in the RIT. Among these genes, CHS, DFR, ANS, FLS and MYB10 showed more than a 10-fold increase, suggesting that these genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in the RIT. Hormone concentration assays showed that the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were higher in the RIT and were consistent with the expression levels of McNCED, McACS, McLOX and McNPR1, respectively. Our study explored the complicated crosstalk of the signal transduction pathways of ABA, ETH, JA and SA; the primary metabolism of glucose, sucrose, fructose and sorbitol; and the secondary metabolism of flavonoids involved in the rust resistance of Malus crabapple leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Lu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
| | - Yufen Bu
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
| | - Rui Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Suxiao Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Applications and New TechniquesBeijing, China
- Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Yao,
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CCD-Based Skinning Injury Recognition on Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Comparison between Visible and Biospeckle Imaging. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101734. [PMID: 27763555 PMCID: PMC5087519 DOI: 10.3390/s16101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Skinning injury on potato tubers is a kind of superficial wound that is generally inflicted by mechanical forces during harvest and postharvest handling operations. Though skinning injury is pervasive and obstructive, its detection is very limited. This study attempted to identify injured skin using two CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor-based machine vision technologies, i.e., visible imaging and biospeckle imaging. The identification of skinning injury was realized via exploiting features extracted from varied ROIs (Region of Interests). The features extracted from visible images were pixel-wise color and texture features, while region-wise BA (Biospeckle Activity) was calculated from biospeckle imaging. In addition, the calculation of BA using varied numbers of speckle patterns were compared. Finally, extracted features were implemented into classifiers of LS-SVM (Least Square Support Vector Machine) and BLR (Binary Logistic Regression), respectively. Results showed that color features performed better than texture features in classifying sound skin and injured skin, especially for injured skin stored no less than 1 day, with the average classification accuracy of 90%. Image capturing and processing efficiency can be speeded up in biospeckle imaging, with captured 512 frames reduced to 125 frames. Classification results obtained based on the feature of BA were acceptable for early skinning injury stored within 1 day, with the accuracy of 88.10%. It is concluded that skinning injury can be recognized by visible and biospeckle imaging during different stages. Visible imaging has the aptitude in recognizing stale skinning injury, while fresh injury can be discriminated by biospeckle imaging.
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