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Negi S, Tak H, Madari S, Bhakta S, Ganapathi TR. Functional characterization of 5'-regulatory region of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase-1 gene of banana plants. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:391-403. [PMID: 35727420 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Generation of crops with broad-spectrum tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress conditions depends upon availability of genetic elements suitable for varied situations and diverse genotypes. Here, we characterize the 5'-upstream regulatory region of flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase-1 (F3'5'H-1) gene from banana and analyzed its tissue-specific and stress-mediated activation in genetic background of tobacco plants. MusaF3'5'H-1 is a stress-responsive gene as its expression is induced in banana after application of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate while its transcript levels were drastically reduced in response to drought, high salinity and abscisic acid. PMusaF3'5'H-1 harbours cis-elements associated with stress conditions and those responsible for tissue-specific expression. Transgenic lines harbouring PMusaF3'5'H-1-GUS displays strong GUS expression in guard cells of stomata indicating guard cell preferred activity of PMusaF3'5'H-1 while its activity was undetectable in roots. Drought and high salinity induce strong expression of GUS in transgenic tobacco lines and exposure to abscisic acid, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate revealed distinct profiles of GUS expression in transgenic lines confirming involvement of F3'5'H-1 in plant stress responses. Fluorescent β-galactosidase assay revealed induction profiles of PMusaF3'5'H-1 at different time points in transgenic lines exposed to salicylic acid and abscisic acid while strong suppression in GUS expression was observed after application of methyl jasmonate. The guard cell preferred activity of PMusaF3'5'H-1 and stress-mediated expression profiles of MusaF3'5'H-1 indicated the suitability of PMusaF3'5'H-1 for generating stress-enduring crops and analyzing guard cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Steffi Madari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Subham Bhakta
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - T R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Negi S, Bhakta S, Ganapathi TR, Tak H. MusaNAC29-like transcription factor improves stress tolerance through modulation of phytohormone content and expression of stress responsive genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111507. [PMID: 36332768 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms governed by genes and cross-talks among stress signaling pathways is vital for generating a broad view on stress responses in plants. Here, we analysed the effects of MusaNAC29-like transcription factor of banana on stress responses and report the quantitative modulation of phytohormone and flavonoid content and analysed the growth parameters and yield trait in transgenic banana plants. Expression of MusaNAC29-like transcription factor was strongly altered in responses to stress conditions and application of signaling molecules. Under control conditions, PMusaNAC29-like-GUS is activated in cells bordering xylem vessel elements and is strongly triggered in other cells types after influence of salicylic acid and abscisic acid. Transgenic banana plants of cultivar Rasthali and Grand Naine overexpressing MusaNAC29-like transcription factor displayed superior tolerance towards drought and salinity stress. LC-MS analysis indicated elevated levels of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid while content of zeatin was significantly reduced in leaves of transgenic banana lines. Transgenic banana lines displayed increased levels of gallic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid while levels of vanillic acid and piperine were significantly reduced. Expression of stress related genes coding for antioxidants, thiol peptidase proteins, cold-regulated proteins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, bHLH proteins, jasmonate-zim-domain proteins and WRKY transcription factors were significantly induced in transgenic banana lines. Though MusaNAC29-like transcription factor improved stress tolerance, its overexpression resulted in retarded growth of transgenic lines resulting in reduced yield of banana fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India.
| | - Subham Bhakta
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Molecular Pathways of WRKY Genes in Regulating Plant Salinity Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810947. [PMID: 36142857 PMCID: PMC9502527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a natural and anthropogenic process that plants overcome using various responses. Salinity imposes a two-phase effect, simplified into the initial osmotic challenges and subsequent salinity-specific ion toxicities from continual exposure to sodium and chloride ions. Plant responses to salinity encompass a complex gene network involving osmotic balance, ion transport, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways typically mediated by transcription factors. One particular transcription factor mega family, WRKY, is a principal regulator of salinity responses. Here, we categorize a collection of known salinity-responding WRKYs and summarize their molecular pathways. WRKYs collectively play a part in regulating osmotic balance, ion transport response, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways in plants. Particular attention is given to the hormone signaling pathway to illuminate the relationship between WRKYs and abscisic acid signaling. Observed trends among WRKYs are highlighted, including group II WRKYs as major regulators of the salinity response. We recommend renaming existing WRKYs and adopting a naming system to a standardized format based on protein structure.
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Identification of the WRKY Gene Family and Characterization of Stress-Responsive Genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810270. [PMID: 36142183 PMCID: PMC9499643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors present unusual research value because of their critical roles in plant physiological processes and stress responses. Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) is a perennial herb of dandelion in the Asteraceae family. However, the research on TKS WRKY TFs is limited. In this study, 72 TKS WRKY TFs were identified and named. Further comparison of the core motifs and the structure of the WRKY motif was analyzed. These TFs were divided into three groups through phylogenetic analysis. Genes in the same group of TkWRKY usually exhibit a similar exon-intron structure and motif composition. In addition, virtually all the TKS WRKY genes contained several cis-elements related to stress response. Expression profiling of the TkWRKY genes was assessed using transcriptome data sets and Real-Time RT-PCR data in tissues during physiological development, under abiotic stress and hormonal treatments. For instance, the TkWRKY18, TkWRKY23, and TkWRKY38 genes were significantly upregulated during cold stress, whereas the TkWRKY21 gene was upregulated under heat-stress conditions. These results could provide a basis for further studies on the function of the TKS WRKY gene family and genetic amelioration of TKS germplasm.
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Infection by Pseudocercospora musae leads to an early reprogramming of the Musa paradisiaca defense transcriptome. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 35855477 PMCID: PMC9288577 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep sequencing technologies such as RNA sequencing can help unravel mechanisms governing defense or resistance responses in plant-pathogen interactions. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the transcriptomic changes in Musa germplasm against Yellow Sigatoka disease, but the defense response of Musa paradisiaca has not been investigated so far. We carried out transcriptome sequencing of M. paradisiaca var. Kachkal infected with the pathogen Pseudocercospora musae and found that a vast set of genes were upregulated while many genes were downregulated in the resistant cultivar as a result of infection. After transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis, 429 upregulated and 156 downregulated genes were filtered out (considering fold change ± 2, p < 0.01). Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched the upregulated genes into 49 gene ontology (GO) classes of biological processes (BP), 20 classes of molecular function (MF) and 9 classes of cellular component (CC). Similarly, the downregulated genes were classified into 35 GO classes of BP, 28 classes of MF and 6 classes of CC. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were most highly represented in 'metabolic' and 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites' pathways. Additionally, 'plant hormone signal transduction', 'plant-pathogen interaction' and 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' pathways were also significantly enriched indicating their involvement in resistance responses against the pathogen. The RNA-seq analysis also depicts that a range of important defense-related genes are modulated as a result of infection, all of which are responsible for either mediating or activating resistance responses in the host. We studied and validated the expression profiles of ten important defense-related genes potentially involved in conferring resistance to the pathogen through qRT-PCR. Almost all the selected defense-related genes were found to be highly and significantly upregulated within 24 h post inoculation (hpi) and for some genes, the expression remained consistently high till the later time point of 72 hpi. These results, thus, indicate that the infection by P. musae leads to a rapid reprogramming of the defense transcriptome of the resistant banana cultivar. The defense-related genes identified to be modulated in response to infection are important not only for pathogen recognition and perception but also for activation and persistence of defense in the host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03245-9.
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Identification and Characterization of WRKY41, a Gene Conferring Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wild Tomato ( Solanum habrochaites) LA1777. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031267. [PMID: 35163190 PMCID: PMC8836203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKYs, a large family of transcription factors, are involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the role of them in tomato resistance to Oidium neolycopersici is still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the role of WRKYs in powdery mildew-resistant wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites) LA1777 defense against O. neolycopersici strain lz (On-lz) using a combination of omics, classical plant pathology- and cell biology-based approaches. A total of 27 WRKYs, belonging to group I, II, and III, were identified as differentially expressed genes in LA1777 against On-lz. It was found that expression of ShWRKY41 was increased after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, On-lz and Botrytiscinerea B05 inoculation or ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatment. GUS staining of ShWRKY41 promoter indicated that the expression of ShWRKY41 could be induced by SA and ethylene. Furthermore, ShWRKY41 gene silencing reduced the resistance to On-lz infection by decreasing the generation of H2O2 and HR in LA1777 seedlings. Overall, our research suggests that ShWRKY41 plays a positive role in defense activation and host resistance to O. neolycopersici in wild tomato (S. habrochaites) LA1777.
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Kumar V, Kumar Srivastava A, Wani SH, Shriram V, Penna S. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1291-1294. [PMID: 34842287 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Negi S, Madari S, Tak H, Bhakta S, Ganapathi TR. Studies on the tissue specific nature and stress inducible activation of the CHI-1 gene from banana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:62-69. [PMID: 34619599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the 5'-regulatory region of chalcone isomerase gene (MusaCHI-1) of banana was functionally analysed for its tissue specific, stress mediated and strong guard cell preferred activity. Expression of MusaCHI-1 was altered in leaves of banana plants exposed to various stress conditions and signalling molecules. Transgenic lines of tobacco harbouring PMusaCHI-1-GUS displays prominent GUS staining in vascular region and guard cells of leaves which corroborates with array of Dof1 binding cis-elements in PMusaCHI-1 region. Multiple cis-elements associated with various stress conditions were detected in PMusaCHI-1 which directly correlates with alteration of MusaCHI-1 transcript level in banana exposed to stress conditions. GUS staining of transgenic tobacco plants harbouring PMusaCHI-1-GUS and exposed to drought, salinity, and applications of methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid indicated activation of PMusaCHI-1 under these conditions while exposure of salicylic acid strongly suppresses GUS expression from PMusaCHI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Steffi Madari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Subham Bhakta
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - T R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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