1
|
Marder MA, Miller GA. The future of psychophysiology, then and now. Biol Psychol 2024; 189:108792. [PMID: 38588815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Since its founding in 1973, Biological Psychology has showcased and provided invaluable support to psychophysiology, a field that has grown and changed enormously. This article discusses some constancies that have remained fundamental to the journal and to the field as well as some important trends. Some aspects of our science have not received due consideration, affecting not only the generalizability of our findings but the way we develop and evaluate our research questions and the potential of our field to contribute to the common good. The article offers a number of predictions and recommendations for the next period of growth of psychophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory A Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leota J, Simpson D, Mazidi D, Nash K. Purity, politics, and polarization: Political ideology moderates threat‐induced shifts in moral purity beliefs. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 62:806-824. [PMID: 36344880 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable research showing that economic threat influences people's social and political views. There are two prevailing perspectives on threat and political attitudes, broadly defined as the Conservative Shift Hypothesis and the Entrenching Hypothesis. The former predicts that threat induces change in the conservative direction (for both conservatives and liberals), whereas the latter predicts that threat causes people to adhere more strongly to their prexisting political perspective. In two experimental studies (one pre-registered replication), we find evidence in support of the Entrenching Hypothesis. Conservatives responded to Economic Threat with increased endorsement of the conservative moral foundation Purity, whereas liberals responded to Economic Threat with decreased endorsement of the Purity foundation. Economic Threat appears to increase commitment to one's pre-existing political ideology and not conservatism specifically. Implications for psychological theory and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Melbourne Australia
- University of Alberta Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | | | | | - Kyle Nash
- University of Alberta Alberta Edmonton Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pavlov YG, Adamian N, Appelhoff S, Arvaneh M, Benwell CSY, Beste C, Bland AR, Bradford DE, Bublatzky F, Busch NA, Clayson PE, Cruse D, Czeszumski A, Dreber A, Dumas G, Ehinger B, Ganis G, He X, Hinojosa JA, Huber-Huber C, Inzlicht M, Jack BN, Johannesson M, Jones R, Kalenkovich E, Kaltwasser L, Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Keil A, König P, Kouara L, Kulke L, Ladouceur CD, Langer N, Liesefeld HR, Luque D, MacNamara A, Mudrik L, Muthuraman M, Neal LB, Nilsonne G, Niso G, Ocklenburg S, Oostenveld R, Pernet CR, Pourtois G, Ruzzoli M, Sass SM, Schaefer A, Senderecka M, Snyder JS, Tamnes CK, Tognoli E, van Vugt MK, Verona E, Vloeberghs R, Welke D, Wessel JR, Zakharov I, Mushtaq F. #EEGManyLabs: Investigating the replicability of influential EEG experiments. Cortex 2021; 144:213-229. [PMID: 33965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri G Pavlov
- University of Tuebingen, Germany; Ural Federal University, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Dreber
- Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden; University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Xun He
- Bournemouth University, UK
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nebrija, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Kaltwasser
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter König
- University Osnabrück, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Louisa Kulke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Langer
- University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David Luque
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Liad Mudrik
- School of Psychological Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Guiomar Niso
- Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominik Welke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Germany
| | - Jan R Wessel
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA; University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garrett-Ruffin S, Hindash AC, Kaczkurkin AN, Mears RP, Morales S, Paul K, Pavlov YG, Keil A. Open science in psychophysiology: An overview of challenges and emerging solutions. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 162:69-78. [PMID: 33556468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review is the result of a one-day workshop on open science, held at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research in Washington, DC, September 2019. The contributors represent psychophysiological researchers at different career stages and from a wide spectrum of institutions. The state of open science in psychophysiology is discussed from different perspectives, highlighting key challenges, potential benefits, and emerging solutions that are intended to facilitate open science practices. Three domains are emphasized: data sharing, preregistration, and multi-site studies. In the context of these broader domains, we present potential implementations of specific open science procedures such as data format harmonization, power analysis, data, presentation code and analysis pipeline sharing, suitable for psychophysiological research. Practical steps are discussed that may be taken to facilitate the adoption of open science practices in psychophysiology. These steps include (1) promoting broad and accessible training in the skills needed to implement open science practices, such as collaborative research and computational reproducibility initiatives, (2) establishing mechanisms that provide practical assistance in sharing of processing pipelines, presentation code, and data in an efficient way, and (3) improving the incentive structure for open science approaches. Throughout the manuscript, we provide references and links to available resources for those interested in adopting open science practices in their research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherona Garrett-Ruffin
- Affective Neuroscience and Mental Health Counseling, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Alexandra Cowden Hindash
- VHA Advanced Fellow in Women's Health Research, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Ryan P Mears
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katharina Paul
- Department of Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University Hamburg, Von Melle Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuri G Pavlov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Andreas Keil
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schupp HT, Kirmse UM. Case-by-case: Emotional stimulus significance and the modulation of the EPN and LPP. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13766. [PMID: 33483988 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli encountered in the environment are continuously evaluated according to their affective stimulus significance. Numerous event-related potential studies have shown that the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) are larger for pictures high in emotional arousal compared to low arousing images. Here, we used a case-by-case approach to determine the emotional modulation of the EPN and LPP at the level of the individual case. We probed the effect in three studies regarding behavior systems of predator fear, disease avoidance, and sexual reproduction. In each study, high and low arousing pictures from the respective behavior system were presented and event-related brain potentials measured. At the group level, previous findings regarding an enhanced EPN and LPP for high compared to low arousing stimuli were replicated. Novel findings were observed when analyzing each case individually. The majority of participants showed significantly larger EPN and LPP amplitudes to pictures showing threatening compared to harmless animals (15 and 16 out of 16 tests, respectively), images of disease and mutilation compared to neutral people (15 and 17 out of 18 tests, respectively), and high-arousing erotic compared to romantic pictures (17 and 17 out of 17 tests, respectively). Further analyses exploring the tradeoff between specificity and sensitivity suggest reliance on picture categories of sexual reproduction and disease avoidance. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that the case-by-case approach can be useful for revealing a general principle of emotional stimulus processing common-to-all. Implications for the reproducibility of the findings and biomarker development are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald T Schupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ursula M Kirmse
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Risk perceptions are a prerequisite for protective action. Both scientists and practitioners need to understand the multifaceted nature of health risk perception and risk communication. This article reviews insights from psychophysiological research, with a focus on neuroscientific approaches that examine the biological basis of risk perception in the brain and capture the brain response to health and risk messages. Specifically, we discuss the key role of intuitive processes for personal risk perception and the difference between absolute and comparative risk. We then describe the relationship between risk perception and health behavior change and present recent work that measures responses to health prevention messages. Finally, we discuss implications for translation to public health policy and point to needs for future research. A better understanding of the biological roots of personal risk perception and how these can be addressed via risk communication informs policymakers in designing effective public health interventions.
Collapse
|
9
|
McGill S, Buckley J, Elliffe D, Corballis PM. Choice predicts the feedback negativity. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1800-1811. [PMID: 28752549 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Choosing the appropriate response given the circumstance is integral to all aspects of human behavior. One way of elucidating the mechanisms of choice is to relate behavior to neural correlates. Electrophysiological evidence implicates the ERP feedback-negativity (FN) and the P300 as promising neural correlates of reward processing, an integral component of learning. However, prior research has not adequately addressed how the development of a preference to select one option over another (choice preference) relates to the FN and the P300. We assessed whether variation in choice preference predicted the FN and P300 amplitude within subjects. We used a discrete-trials two-alternative choice procedure, where the reinforcer rate for each option was dependently scheduled by a concurrent variable interval. The reinforcer ratio for selecting each option was varied between sessions. Choice was quantified using both the generalized matching law sensitivity and the log odds of staying on the same versus switching to the other alternative (stay preference). The relationship between stay preference, FN, and P300 amplitudes was assessed using the innovative application of hierarchical Bayesian linear regression. The results demonstrate that stay preference was controlled by the reinforcer ratios and credibly predicted the FN amplitude but not P300 amplitude. The findings are consistent with the view that reinforcers may guide behavior by what they signal about future reinforcement, with the FN related to such a process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart McGill
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jude Buckley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Douglas Elliffe
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul M Corballis
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kappenman ES, Keil A. Introduction to the special issue on recentering science: Replication, robustness, and reproducibility in psychophysiology. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:3-5. [PMID: 28000258 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the psychological and behavioral sciences have increased efforts to strengthen methodological practices and publication standards, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the value and reproducibility of published reports. These issues are especially important in the multidisciplinary field of psychophysiology, which yields rich and complex data sets with a large number of observations. In addition, the technological tools and analysis methods available in the field of psychophysiology are continually evolving, widening the array of techniques and approaches available to researchers. This special issue presents articles detailing rigorous and systematic evaluations of tasks, measures, materials, analysis approaches, and statistical practices in a variety of subdisciplines of psychophysiology. These articles highlight challenges in conducting and interpreting psychophysiological research and provide data-driven, evidence-based recommendations for overcoming those challenges to produce robust, reproducible results in the field of psychophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andreas Keil
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|