1
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Yang M, McAllister G. 'Drawing out the Whole Picture': Positive and Gestalt Effects of Taking Sign-Based Notes on Listening Performance in Chinese ESL Classrooms. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050395. [PMID: 37232632 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effort to design a most ideal strategy for L2 learners to take notes in L2 (EFL/EMI/EAP) classrooms has received growing attention. However, note-taking has been repeatedly tested and reported diverging impacts on students' learning. This study investigates the effects of sign-based note-taking (SBN) with the traditional way of using pens and paper, and it features the cognitive processes of understanding and creating notes. SBN guides students to comprehend and draw a gestalt of notes using signs (i.e., icons, indices, and symbols). In a 16-week mixed study, three types of interventions-a traditional treatment, TOEFL's 'good-note guidance' (GNG), and SBN-were administered to three separate student groups, namely a control group (CG) and two experiment groups (EG1 and EG2). Pre-, post-, delayed tests, questionnaires, and post-intervention interviews were conducted and analyzed for the needs and the effects of interventions on listening performances. Findings are as follows: only EG2 achieved significantly higher performance regardless of instructor's influence, proving gestalt-based SBN an effective cognitive practice; GNG improved performance over time; students favored SBN, wanting longer-duration guidance. These results confirm that gestalt strengthens memory for L2 listening and yields pedagogical implications for L2 Listening classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- College of Foreign Languages, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
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2
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Meyer A. On the relationship between the error-related negativity and anxiety in children and adolescents: From a neural marker to a novel target for intervention. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14050. [PMID: 35324015 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on our work on the relationship between the error-related negativity (i.e., ERN) and anxiety in children and adolescents. The ERN is an event-related potential (ERP) that appears as a negative deflection in the ERP waveform when individuals make errors and has been found to be increased in anxious individuals. We, and others, have extended this work into developmental populations, finding that the ERN can be measured reliably in children and that the ERN is increased among clinically anxious youth. Furthermore, we have found that the ERN predicts risk for increases in anxiety across development, among healthy and clinically anxious children. We have done work to elucidate what psychological phenomena the increased ERN among anxious children may reflect by creating a self-report measure of error sensitivity (i.e., the Child Error Sensitivity Index) that relates to the ERN. Moreover, we review our work on parenting and the ERN, which suggests that harsh or critical parenting styles may potentiate the ERN in offspring. And, building on these findings, we discuss our recent work to develop novel, computerized intervention strategies to reduce the ERN and thereby risk for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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3
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Hakim N, Feldmann-Wüstefeld T, Awh E, Vogel EK. Controlling the Flow of Distracting Information in Working Memory. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3323-3337. [PMID: 33675357 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory (WM) must maintain relevant information, despite the constant influx of both relevant and irrelevant information. Attentional control mechanisms help determine which of this new information gets access to our capacity-limited WM system. Previous work has treated attentional control as a monolithic process-either distractors capture attention or they are suppressed. Here, we provide evidence that attentional capture may instead be broken down into at least two distinct subcomponent processes: (1) Spatial capture, which refers to when spatial attention shifts towards the location of irrelevant stimuli and (2) item-based capture, which refers to when item-based WM representations of irrelevant stimuli are formed. To dissociate these two subcomponent processes of attentional capture, we utilized a series of electroencephalography components that track WM maintenance (contralateral delay activity), suppression (distractor positivity), item individuation (N2pc), and spatial attention (lateralized alpha power). We show that new, relevant information (i.e., a task-relevant distractor) triggers both spatial and item-based capture. Irrelevant distractors, however, only trigger spatial capture from which ongoing WM representations can recover more easily. This fractionation of attentional capture into distinct subcomponent processes provides a refined framework for understanding how distracting stimuli affect attention and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hakim
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Edward Awh
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward K Vogel
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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Galigani M, Ronga I, Bruno V, Castellani N, Rossi Sebastiano A, Fossataro C, Garbarini F. Face-like configurations modulate electrophysiological mismatch responses. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1869-1884. [PMID: 33332658 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human face is one of the most salient stimuli in the environment. It has been suggested that even basic face-like configurations (three dots composing a downward pointing triangle) may convey salience. Interestingly, stimulus salience can be signaled by mismatch detection phenomena, characterized by greater amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to relevant novel stimulation as compared to non-relevant repeated events. Here, we investigate whether basic face-like stimuli are salient enough to modulate mismatch detection phenomena. ERPs are elicited by a pair of sequentially presented visual stimuli (S1-S2), delivered at a constant 1-s interval, representing either a face-like stimulus (Upright configuration) or three neutral configurations (Inverted, Leftwards, and Rightwards configurations), that are obtained by rotating the Upright configuration along the three different axes. In pairs including a canonical face-like stimulus, we observe a more effective mismatch detection mechanism, with significantly larger N270 and P300 components when S2 is different from S1 as compared to when S2 is identical to S1. This ERP modulation, not significant in pairs excluding face-like stimuli, reveals that mismatch detection phenomena are significantly affected by basic face-like configurations. Even though further experiments are needed to ascertain whether this effect is specifically elicited by face-like configuration rather than by particular orientation changes, our findings suggest that face essential, structural attributes are salient enough to affect change detection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Galigani
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,BIP Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolò Castellani
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Fossataro
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarini
- MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
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5
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Yao Y, Cui R, Li Y, Zeng L, Jiang J, Qiu N, Dong L, Gong D, Yan G, Ma W, Liu T. Action Real-Time Strategy Gaming Experience Related to Enhanced Capacity of Visual Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:333. [PMID: 33110407 PMCID: PMC7489035 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Action real-time strategy gaming (ARSG)—a major genre of action video gaming (AVG)—has both action and strategy elements. ARSG requires attention, visual working memory (VWM), sensorimotor skills, team cooperation, and strategy-making abilities, thus offering promising insights into the learning-induced plasticity. However, it is yet unknown whether the ARSG experience is related to the development of VWM capacity. Using both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measurements, this study tested whether ARSG experts had larger VWM capacity than non-experts in a change detection task. The behavioral results showed that ARSG experts had higher accuracy and larger VWM capacity than non-experts. In addition, the ERP results revealed that the difference wave of the contralateral delay activity (CDA) component (size 4–size 2) elicited by experts was significantly larger than that of non-experts, suggesting that the VWM capacity was higher in experts than in non-experts. Thus, the findings suggested that prolonged ARSG experience is correlative with the enhancement of VWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Ruifang Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Qiu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Diankun Gong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojian Yan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyi Ma
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Tiejun Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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6
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Meyer A, Hajcak G. A review examining the relationship between individual differences in the error-related negativity and cognitive control. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 144:7-13. [PMID: 31362030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, USA
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7
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Liesefeld HR, Liesefeld AM, Müller HJ. Two good reasons to say 'change!' - ensemble representations as well as item representations impact standard measures of VWM capacity. Br J Psychol 2018; 110:328-356. [PMID: 30506907 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a central bottleneck in human information processing. Its capacity is most often measured in terms of how many individual-item representations VWM can hold (k). In the standard task employed to estimate k, an array of highly discriminable colour patches is maintained and, after a short retention interval, compared to a test display (change detection). Recent research has shown that with more complex, structured displays, change-detection performance is, in addition to individual-item representations, supported by ensemble representations formed as a result of spatial subgroupings. Here, by asking participants to additionally localize the change, we reveal indication for an influence of ensemble representations even in the very simple, unstructured displays of the colour-patch change-detection task. Critically, pure-item models from which standard formulae of k are derived do not consider ensemble representations and, therefore, potentially overestimate k. To gauge this overestimation, we develop an item-plus-ensemble model of change detection and change localization. Estimates of k from this new model are about 1 item (~30%) lower than the estimates from traditional pure-item models, even if derived from the same data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich René Liesefeld
- Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Anna M Liesefeld
- Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Hermann J Müller
- Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
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8
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Kamienkowski JE, Varatharajah A, Sigman M, Ison MJ. Parsing a mental program: Fixation-related brain signatures of unitary operations and routines in natural visual search. Neuroimage 2018; 183:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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9
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Paoletti D, Braun C, Vargo EJ, van Zoest W. Spontaneous pre-stimulus oscillatory activity shapes the way we look: A concurrent imaging and eye-movement study. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:137-149. [PMID: 30472776 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous behavioural studies have accrued evidence that response time plays a critical role in determining whether selection is influenced by stimulus saliency or target template. In the present work, we investigated to what extent the variations in timing and consequent oculomotor controls are influenced by spontaneous variations in pre-stimulus alpha oscillations. We recorded simultaneously brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eye movements while participants performed a visual search task. Our results show that slower saccadic reaction times were predicted by an overall stronger alpha power in the 500 ms time window preceding the stimulus onset, while weaker alpha power was a signature of faster responses. When looking separately at performance for fast and slow responses, we found evidence for two specific sources of alpha activity predicting correct versus incorrect responses. When saccades were quickly elicited, errors were predicted by stronger alpha activity in posterior areas, comprising the angular gyrus in the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and possibly the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Instead, when participants were slower in responding, an increase of alpha power in frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF) and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC) predicted erroneous saccades. In other words, oculomotor accuracy in fast responses was predicted by alpha power differences in more posterior areas, while the accuracy in slow responses was predicted by alpha power differences in frontal areas, in line with the idea that these areas may be differentially related to stimulus-driven and goal-driven control of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Paoletti
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG-Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Wieske van Zoest
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Ye C, Xu Q, Liu Q, Cong F, Saariluoma P, Ristaniemi T, Astikainen P. The impact of visual working memory capacity on the filtering efficiency of emotional face distractors. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:63-72. [PMID: 30125615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional faces can serve as distractors for visual working memory (VWM) tasks. An event-related potential called contralateral delay activity (CDA) can measure the filtering efficiency of face distractors. Previous studies have investigated the influence of VWM capacity on filtering efficiency of simple neutral distractors but not of face distractors. We measured the CDA indicative of emotional face filtering during a VWM task related to facial identity. VWM capacity was measured in a separate colour change detection task, and participants were divided to high- and low-capacity groups. The high-capacity group was able to filter out distractors similarly irrespective of its facial emotion. In contrast, the low-capacity group failed in filtering the neutral and angry face distractors, while the filtering was efficient for the happy face distractors. The results indicate that potentially threatening faces are particularly difficult to filter if VWM capacity is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Ye
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Qianru Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Qiang Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Fengyu Cong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, China
| | - Pertti Saariluoma
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Tapani Ristaniemi
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
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