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Boccia G, Brustio PR, Beratto L, Peluso I, Ferrara R, Munzi D, Toti E, Raguzzini A, Sciarra T, Rainoldi A. Upper-Limb Muscle Fatigability in Para-Athletes Quantified as the Rate of Force Development in Rapid Contractions of Submaximal Amplitude. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:108. [PMID: 38921644 PMCID: PMC11204935 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare neuromuscular fatigability of the elbow flexors and extensors between athletes with amputation (AMP) and athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) for maximum voluntary force (MVF) and rate of force development (RFD). We recruited 20 para-athletes among those participating at two training camps (2022) for Italian Paralympic veterans. Ten athletes with SCI (two with tetraplegia and eight with paraplegia) were compared to 10 athletes with amputation (above the knee, N = 3; below the knee, N = 6; forearm, N = 1). We quantified MVF, RFD at 50, 100, and 150 ms, and maximal RFD (RFDpeak) of elbow flexors and extensors before and after an incremental arm cranking to voluntary fatigue. We also measured the RFD scaling factor (RFD-SF), which is the linear relationship between peak force and peak RFD quantified in a series of ballistic contractions of submaximal amplitude. SCI showed lower levels of MVF and RFD in both muscle groups (all p values ≤ 0.045). Despite this, the decrease in MVF (Cohen's d = 0.425, p < 0.001) and RFDpeak (d = 0.424, p = 0.003) after the incremental test did not show any difference between pathological conditions. Overall, RFD at 50 ms showed the greatest decrease (d = 0.741, p < 0.001), RFD at 100 ms showed a small decrease (d = 0.382, p = 0.020), and RFD at 150 ms did not decrease (p = 0.272). The RFD-SF decreased more in SCI than AMP (p < 0.0001). Muscle fatigability impacted not only maximal force expressions but also the quickness of ballistic contractions of submaximal amplitude, particularly in SCI. This may affect various sports and daily living activities of wheelchair users. Early RFD (i.e., ≤50 ms) was notably affected by muscle fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Boccia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Neuromuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Neuromuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luca Beratto
- Neuromuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (I.P.); (E.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00143 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Diego Munzi
- Joint Veteran Defence Center, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (I.P.); (E.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (I.P.); (E.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00143 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (T.S.)
- Joint Veteran Defence Center, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (I.P.); (E.T.); (A.R.)
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Liu W, Jiang X, Yu Z, Pang K, Wang J, Peng Y. Effects of a Graphene Heating Device on Fatigue Recovery of Biceps Brachii. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030381. [PMID: 36978772 PMCID: PMC10044709 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Far-infrared (FIR) is considered to be an ideal method to promote fatigue recovery due to its high permeability and strong radiation. In this paper, we report a flexible and wearable graphene heating device to help fatigue recovery of human exercise by using its high FIR divergence property. This study compares two different fatigue recovery methods, graphene far-infrared heating device hot application and natural recovery, over a 20 min recovery time among the male colleges' exhaustion exercise. Experimental results show that the achieved graphene device holds excellent electro-thermal radiation conversion efficiency of 70% and normal total emissivity of 89%. Moreover, the graphene FIR therapy in our work is more energy-efficient, easy to use, and wearable than traditional fatigue recovery methods. Such an anti-fatigue strategy offers new opportunities for enlarging potential applications of graphene film in body science, athletic training recovery, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiran Yu
- The MOF Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Pang
- The MOF Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Connolly S, Peeling P, Binnie MJ, Goods PSR, Latella C, Taylor JL, Blazevich AJ, Timmerman WP, Abbiss CR. Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1215-1227. [PMID: 36763121 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A cyclist's rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/RTD in isometric knee extension, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and sprint cycling; and (ii) relationship among RFD/RTD and peak force/torque between protocols. METHODS Eighteen trained cyclists completed two familiarisation and two experimental sessions. Each session involved an isometric knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling protocol, where peak force/torque, average and peak RFD/RTD, and early (0-100 ms) and late (0-200 ms) RFD/RTD were measured. Additionally, measures of quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function were assessed during the knee extension. RESULTS Strong relationships were observed between quadriceps early EMG activity (EMG50/M) and knee extension RTD (r or ρ = 0.51-0.65) and IMTP late RFD (r = 0.51), and between cycling early or late RTD and peak twitch torque (r or ρ = 0.70-0.75). Strong-to-very strong relationships were observed between knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling for peak force/torque, early and late RFD/RTD, and peak RFD/RTD (r or ρ = 0.59-0.80). CONCLUSION In trained cyclists, knee extension RTD or IMTP late RFD are related to measures of quadriceps central neuromuscular function, while cycling RTD is related to measures of quadriceps peripheral neuromuscular function. Further, the strong associations among force/torque measures between tasks indicate a level of transferability across tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Connolly
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Peter Peeling
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn J Binnie
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Perth, WA, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Latella
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Janet L Taylor
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wouter P Timmerman
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Varesco G, Coratella G, Rozand V, Cuinet B, Lombardi G, Mourot L, Vernillo G. Downhill running affects the late but not the early phase of the rate of force development. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2049-2059. [PMID: 35790580 PMCID: PMC9381441 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the acute changes in the knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric contraction force (MVIC), rate of force development (RFD), and rate of EMG rise (RER) following a bout of downhill running. Methods MVIC and RFD at 0–50, 50–100, 100–200, and 0–200 ms were determined in thirteen men (22 ± 2 yr) before and after 30 min of downhill running (speed: 10 km h−1; slope: − 20%). Vastus lateralis maximum EMG (EMGmax) and RER at 0–30, 0–50, and 0–75 ms were also recorded. Results MVIC, RFD0–200, and EMGmax decreased by ~ 25% [Cohen’s d = − 1.09 (95% confidence interval: − 1.88/− 0.24)], ~ 15% [d = − 0.50 (− 1.26/0.30)], and ~ 22% [d = − 0.37 (− 1.13/0.42)] (all P < 0.05), respectively. RFD100–200 was also reduced [− 25%; d = − 0.70 (− 1.47/0.11); P < 0.001]. No change was observed at 0–50 ms and 50–100 ms (P ≥ 0.05). RER values were similar at each time interval (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Downhill running impairs the muscle capacity to produce maximum force and the overall ability to rapidly develop force. No change was observed for the early phase of the RFD and the absolute RER, suggesting no alterations in the neural mechanisms underlying RFD. RFD100–200 reduction suggests that impairments in the rapid force-generating capacity are located within the skeletal muscle, likely due to a reduction in muscle–tendon stiffness and/or impairments in the muscle contractile apparatus. These findings may help explain evidence of neuromuscular alterations in trail runners and following prolonged duration races wherein cumulative eccentric loading is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), UJM-Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Building 2, via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), UJM-Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benjamin Cuinet
- Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies (EA3920), Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Laurent Mourot
- Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies (EA3920), Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.,Division for Physical Education, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Oblast, 634050, Russia
| | - Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Building 2, via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Gorzi A, Rezapour N, Jabbari S, Youzbashi L, Salehi J, Gahreman D, Krause Neto W. Deceptive intensities: An exploratory strategy for overcoming early central fatigue in resistance training. Physiol Behav 2022; 255:113921. [PMID: 35872038 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological stress induced by misleading information can limit human performance, possibly by early central fatigue mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the impact caused by prescribing misleading intensities of resistance exercise on acute electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) responses and the total number of repetitions to exhaustion. Collegiate female students performed three sets of biceps curls to exhaustion. The actual intensity for all sets was set at 65% 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM). However, participants were deceptively informed that the intensities were 60%, 65%, or 70% 1-RM. The number of repetitions to fatigue and the magnitude of EEG and EMG signals were analyzed. The number of repetitions to exhaustion was significantly lower in greater announced intensities (18.11 ± 8.44) compared to lower (29.76 ± 16.28; p = 0.017) and correctly (27.82 ± 11.01; p = 0.001) announced intensity. The correlation between frontal and motor-cortex signals was significant in lower (r = 0.72, p = 0.001) and higher (r = 0.64, p = 0.005) announced intensities. The median and mean frequencies of EMG signal and Root Mean Square (RMS) did not show any significant difference between sets, but the peak-to-peak range (PPR) of biceps EMG signals was significantly higher in lower intensity (0.145 ± 0.042) when compared with higher (0.104 ± 0.044; p = 0.028) or correctly (0.126 ± 0.048; p = 0.037) announced intensity. It seems that deceptive information regarding the mass of an object could affect the number of repetitions to exhaustion and PPR to cover muscle capacity in endurance-type strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gorzi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Neda Rezapour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan. Iran
| | - Sepideh Jabbari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan. Iran
| | - Leila Youzbashi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Salehi
- Department of Psychology, University of Zanjan. Zanjan. Iran
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- Exercise and Sport Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin. Australia
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
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Efficacy of Different Cold-Water Immersion Temperatures on Neuromotor Performance in Young Athletes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050683. [PMID: 35629351 PMCID: PMC9147268 DOI: 10.3390/life12050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-Water-Immersion (CWI) has been frequently used to accelerate muscle recovery and to improve performance after fatigue onset. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the effects of different CWI temperatures on neuromuscular activity on quadriceps after acute fatigue protocol. Thirty-six young athletes (16.9 ± 1.4 years-old; 72.1 ± 13.8 kg; 178.4 ± 7.2 cm) were divided into three groups: passive recovery group (PRG); CWI at 5 °C group (5G); and CWI at 10 °C group (10G). All participants performed a fatigue exercise protocol; afterwards, PRG performed a passive recovery (rest), while 5G and 10G were submitted to CWI by means of 5 °C and 10 °C temperatures during 10 min, respectively. Fatigue protocol was performed by knee extension at 40% of isometric peak force from maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Electromyography was used to evaluate neuromuscular performance. The passive recovery and CWI at 5 °C were associated with normalized isometric force and quadriceps activation amplitude from 15 until 120 min after exercise-induced fatigue (F = 7.169, p < 0.001). CWI at 5 °C and 10 °C showed higher muscle activation (F = 6.850, p < 0.001) and lower median frequency (MF) than passive recovery after 15 and 30 min of fatigue (F = 5.386, p < 0.001). For neuromuscular efficiency (NME) recovery, while PRG normalized NME values after 15 min, 5G and 10G exhibited these responses after 60 and 30 min (F = 4.330, p < 0.01), respectively. Passive recovery and CWI at 5 °C and 10 °C revealed similar effects in terms of recovery of muscle strength and NME, but ice interventions resulted in higher quadriceps activation recovery.
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Cesanelli L, Eimantas N, Iovane A, Messina G, Satkunskiene D. The role of age on neuromuscular performance decay induced by a maximal intensity sprint session in a group of competitive endurance athletes. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35330561 PMCID: PMC8992664 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the neuromuscular system functions may affect profoundly high-level athletes' performance across their careers. The present study aimed to analyse the fatiguing effect of a maximal intensity sprint session (MISS) on competitive athletes of different ages. Thirty-one competitive endurance athletes completed a knee extensors and flexors' maximal-voluntary-isometric-contraction (MVC) test before and after a maximal-intensity-sprint-session (MISS) consisting of 4x15s Wingate-tests. The data have been stratified considering three age categories (18-28, n=11, 29-38; n=10; 39-43, n=10). Overall, both quadricep and hamstring muscles early and late rate of torque development (RTD) dropped significantly more than the maximal voluntary torque (MVT) (p<.05). Age had a significant effect on early RTD, with older athletes exhibiting greater RTD (p<.05). A significant effect of age also emerged for the changes in surface sEMG variables, in which the frequency spectrum variables dropped significantly more than the sEMG amplitude (RMS) (p<.05). The dynamics of changes in neuromuscular performance markers after a MISS suggested that getting older competitive athletes may potentially experience a greater loss in early explosive strength compared to maximal or late explosive strength.
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D'Emanuele S, Maffiuletti NA, Tarperi C, Rainoldi A, Schena F, Boccia G. Rate of Force Development as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue: A Scoping Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:701916. [PMID: 34305557 PMCID: PMC8301373 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.701916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because rate of force development (RFD) is an emerging outcome measure for the assessment of neuromuscular function in unfatigued conditions, and it represents a valid alternative/complement to the classical evaluation of pure maximal strength, this scoping review aimed to map the available evidence regarding RFD as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue. Thus, following a general overview of the main studies published on this topic, we arbitrarily compared the amount of neuromuscular fatigue between the “gold standard” measure (maximal voluntary force, MVF) and peak, early (≤100 ms) and late (>100 ms) RFD. Seventy full-text articles were included in the review. The most-common fatiguing exercises were resistance exercises (37% of the studies), endurance exercises/locomotor activities (23%), isokinetic contractions (17%), and simulated/real sport situations (13%). The most widely tested tasks were knee extension (60%) and plantar flexion (10%). The reason (i.e., rationale) for evaluating RFD was lacking in 36% of the studies. On average, the amount of fatigue for MVF (−19%) was comparable to late RFD (−19%) but lower compared to both peak RFD (−25%) and early RFD (−23%). Even if the rationale for evaluating RFD in the fatigued state was often lacking and the specificity between test task and fatiguing exercise characteristics was not always respected in the included studies, RFD seems to be a valid indicator of neuromuscular fatigue. Based on our arbitrary analyses, peak RFD and early phase RFD appear even to be more sensitive to quantify neuromuscular fatigue than MVF and late phase RFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D'Emanuele
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,NeuroMuscularFunction
- Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences (SUISM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,NeuroMuscularFunction
- Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences (SUISM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Watanabe K, Sakai T, Kato S, Hashizume N, Horii N, Yoshikawa M, Hasegawa N, Iemitsu K, Tsuji K, Uchida M, Kanamori M, Iemitsu M. Conduction Velocity of Muscle Action Potential of Knee Extensor Muscle During Evoked and Voluntary Contractions After Exhaustive Leg Pedaling Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:546. [PMID: 32536878 PMCID: PMC7267216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) has been developed to estimate neuromuscular fatigue and measured during voluntary (VC) and electrically evoked (EC) contractions. Since CV during VC and EC reflect different physiological phenomena, the two parameters would show inconsistent changes under the conditions of neuromuscular fatigue. We investigated the time-course changes of CV during EC and VC after fatiguing exercise. Methods In 14 young males, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extensor muscles, CV during electrical stimulation (CV-EC) and MVC (CV-VC) were measured before and immediately, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 24 h after exhaustive leg pedaling exercise. Results CV-EC significantly increased immediately after the fatiguing exercise (p < 0.05) and had a significant negative correlation with MVC in merged data from all time-periods (r = -0.511, p < 0.001). CV-VC significantly decreased 30, 60, and 120 min after the fatiguing exercise (p < 0.05) and did not show any correlations with MVC (p > 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that CV during EC and VC exhibits different time-course changes, and that CV during EC may be appropriate to estimate the degree of neuromuscular fatigue after fatiguing pedaling exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Sakai
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Natsuka Hashizume
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tsuji
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Masakata Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Masao Kanamori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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10
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Zoppirolli C, Bortolan L, Schena F, Pellegrini B. Double poling kinematic changes during the course of a long-distance race: effect of performance level. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:863-872. [PMID: 32138604 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1736246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the changes in double poling (DP) kinematics due to a long-distance cross-country skiing race in athletes with different performance levels. A total of 100 cross-country skiers, belonging to 10 different performance groups, were filmed on flat terrain 7 and 55 km after the start line, during a 58-km classical race. Cycle velocity, frequency and length decreased from the best to the lower-ranked group, while duty cycle increased (all P <.001). Between track sections, cycle velocity and length decreased, duty cycles increased (all P <.001) while frequency was unaltered (P =.782). Group*section interactions resulted for cycle velocity (P =.005). Considering all the participants together, % change in cycle velocity between sections correlated with % change in length and duty cycle (all P <.001). Thus i) skiers in better groups showed longer and more frequent cycles as well as shorter duty cycles than skiers in slower groups; ii) throughout the race all the groups maintained the same cycle frequency while decreasing cycle velocity and length; iii) better groups showed a lower reduction in cycle velocity. Individually, a low reduction in cycle velocity during the race related to the capacity to maintain long cycles and short duty cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zoppirolli
- CeRiSM, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bortolan
- CeRiSM, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- CeRiSM, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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11
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Boccia G, Dardanello D, Brustio PR, Tarperi C, Festa L, Zoppirolli C, Pellegrini B, Schena F, Rainoldi A. Neuromuscular Fatigue Does Not Impair the Rate of Force Development in Ballistic Contractions of Submaximal Amplitudes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1503. [PMID: 30405448 PMCID: PMC6207600 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of muscle fatigue on rate of force development (RFD) is usually assessed during tasks that require participants to reach as quickly as possible maximal or near-maximal force. However, endurance sports require athletes to quickly produce force of submaximal, rather than maximal, amplitudes. Thus, this study investigated the effect of muscle fatigue induced by long-distance running on the capacity to quickly produce submaximal levels of force. Twenty-one male amateur runners were evaluated before and shortly after a half-marathon race. Knee extensors force was recorded under maximal voluntary and electrically evoked contractions. Moreover, a series of ballistic contractions at different submaximal amplitudes (from 20 to 100% of maximal voluntary force) was obtained, by asking the participants to reach submaximal forces as fast as possible. The RFD was calculated for each contraction. After the race, maximal voluntary activation, resting doublet twitch, maximal force, and RFD during maximal contraction decreased (-12, -12, -21, and -19%, respectively, all P-values < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the RFD values measured during ballistic contractions up to 60% of maximal force were unaffected (all P-values > 0.4). Long-distance running impaired the capacity to quickly produce force in ballistic contractions of maximal, but not of submaximal, amplitudes. Overall, these findings suggest that central and peripheral fatigue do not affect the quickness to which muscle contracts across a wide range of submaximal forces. This is a relevant finding for running and other daily life activities that rely on the production of rapid submaximal contractions rather than maximal force levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Dardanello
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Festa
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zoppirolli
- CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Laaksonen MS, Finkenzeller T, Holmberg HC, Sattlecker G. The influence of physiobiomechanical parameters, technical aspects of shooting, and psychophysiological factors on biathlon performance: A review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:394-404. [PMID: 30450247 PMCID: PMC6234024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko S. Laaksonen
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund 83125, Sweden
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund 83125, Sweden
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Gerold Sattlecker
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
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13
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Zoppirolli C, Bortolan L, Stella F, Boccia G, Holmberg HC, Schena F, Pellegrini B. Following a Long-Distance Classical Race the Whole-Body Kinematics of Double Poling by Elite Cross-Country Skiers Are Altered. Front Physiol 2018; 9:978. [PMID: 30090070 PMCID: PMC6069450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although short-term (approximately 10-min) fatiguing DP has been reported not to alter the joint kinematics or displacement of the centre of mass (COM) of high-level skiers, we hypothesize that prolonged DP does change these kinematics, since muscular strength is impaired following endurance events lasting longer than 2 h. Methods: During the 58-km Marcialonga race in 2017, the fastest 15 male skiers were videofilmed (100 fps, FHD resolution in the sagittal plane) on two 20-m sections (inclines: 0.7 ± 0.1°) 48 km apart (i.e., 7 and 55 km from the start), approximating 50- km Olympic races. The cameras were positioned perpendicular to and about 40 m from the middle of each section and spatial dimensions adjusted for each individual track skied. Pole and joint kinematics, as well as displacement of the COM during two DP cycles were assessed. Results: The 10 skiers who fulfilled our inclusion criteria finished the race in 2 h 09 min 19 s ± 28 s. Displacements of the joints and COM were comparable to previous observations on skiers roller skiing on a flat treadmill at similar speeds in the laboratory. 55 km after the start, cycle velocity and length were lower (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and the angular range of elbow joint flexion during the initial part of the poling phase reduced, while shoulder angle was greater during the first 35% of the DP cycle (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the ankle angle was increased and forward displacement of the COM reduced during the first 80% of the cycle. Conclusion: Prolonged DP reduced the forward displacement of the COM and altered arm kinematics during the early poling phase. The inefficient utilization of COM observed after 2 h of competition together with potential impairment of the stretch-shortening of arm extensor muscles probably attenuated generation of poling force. To minimize these effects of fatigue, elite skiers should focus on maintaining optimal elbow and ankle kinematics and an effective forward lean during the propulsive phase of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zoppirolli
- CeRiSM (Research Center Sport Mountain and Health), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bortolan
- CeRiSM (Research Center Sport Mountain and Health), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Stella
- CeRiSM (Research Center Sport Mountain and Health), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Federico Schena
- CeRiSM (Research Center Sport Mountain and Health), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- CeRiSM (Research Center Sport Mountain and Health), Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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14
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A Comparative Study of EMG Indices in Muscle Fatigue Evaluation Based on Grey Relational Analysis during All-Out Cycling Exercise. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9341215. [PMID: 29850588 PMCID: PMC5926489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9341215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The increased popularization of cycling has brought an increase in cycling-related injuries, which has been suggested to be associated with muscle fatigue. However, it still remains unclear on the utility of different EMG indices in muscle fatigue evaluation induced by cycling exercise. In this study, ten cyclist volunteers performed a 30-second all-out cycling exercise after a warm-up period. Surface electromyography (sEMG) from vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and power output and cadence were recorded and EMG RMS, MF and MPF based on Fourier Transform, MDF and MNF based on wavelet packet transformation, and C(n) based on Lempel–Ziv complexity algorithm were calculated. Utility of the indices was compared based on the grey rational grade of sEMG indices and power output and cadence. The results suggested that MNF derived from wavelet packet transformation was significantly higher than other EMG indices, indicating the potential application for fatigue evaluation induced by all-out cycling exercise.
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Boccia G, Dardanello D, Tarperi C, Festa L, La Torre A, Pellegrini B, Schena F, Rainoldi A. Women show similar central and peripheral fatigue to men after half-marathon. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:695-704. [PMID: 29490592 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1442500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Women are known to be less fatigable than men in single-joint exercises, but fatigue induced by running has not been well understood. Here we investigated sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue and in rate of force development (RFD) in the knee extensors after a half-marathon run. Ten male and eight female amateur runners (aged 25-50 years) were evaluated before and immediately after a half-marathon race. Knee extensors forces were obtained under voluntary and electrically evoked isometric contractions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) force and peak RFD were recorded. Electrically doublet stimuli were delivered during the MVC and at rest to calculate the level of voluntary activation and the resting doublet twitch. After the race, decreases in MVC force (males: -11%, effect size [ES] 0.52; females: -11% ES 0.33), voluntary activation (males: -6%, ES 0.87; females: -4%, ES 0.72), and resting doublet twitch (males: -6%, ES 0.34; females: -8%, ES 0.30) were found to be similar between males and females. The decrease in peak RFD was found to be similar between males and females (males: -14%, ES 0.43; females: -15%, ES 0.14). Half-marathon run induced both central and peripheral fatigue, without any difference between men and women. The maximal and explosive strength loss was found similar between sexes. Together, these findings do not support the need of sex-specific training interventions to increase the tolerance to neuromuscular fatigue in half-marathoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Boccia
- a NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences,Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,b CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health , Rovereto , Italy
| | - Davide Dardanello
- a NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences,Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences , School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Luca Festa
- c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences , School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- d Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Barbara Pellegrini
- b CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health , Rovereto , Italy.,c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences , School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- b CeRiSM Research Center for Sport, Mountain, and Health , Rovereto , Italy.,c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences , School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- a NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences,Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
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16
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Boccia G, Dardanello D, Tarperi C, Festa L, La Torre A, Pellegrini B, Schena F, Rainoldi A. Fatigue-induced dissociation between rate of force development and maximal force across repeated rapid contractions. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 54:267-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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