1
|
Weishorn J, Jaber A, Trefzer R, Zietzschmann S, Kern R, Spielmann J, Renkawitz T, Bangert Y. How Does Age Affect Injury Characteristics in Young Elite Footballers?-A Prospective Cohort Study of a German Youth Academy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6938. [PMID: 37959403 PMCID: PMC10649570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about age-related changes in injury characteristics and burden, and existing data are inconsistent, highlighting the need for new studies on this topic. This study aimed to describe age-related injury risk, severity and burden in a German elite youth football academy. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in the 2012/2013 season, reporting 109 time-loss injuries among 138 young athletes playing at an elite football academy in Germany. For the most severe injuries, the injury burden in the different age groups was considered separately. RESULTS Athletes missed a total of 2536 days of exposure, resulting in an overall incidence of 2.6 per 1000 h (1.7-3.0; 95% CI) and a burden of 60.6 days lost per 1000 h (40.8-80.3; 95% CI). The incidence and burden of joint sprains and muscle injuries were higher in the older age groups. Physeal injuries peaked in the U14 age group during the pubertal growth spurt. Bone injuries and contusions showed no age trend. CONCLUSION Injury characteristics vary with age. The overall incidence, severity and burden of injuries increased with the age of the athletes. To ensure the optimal development of young athletes, it is important to be aware of the differences in injury susceptibility between age groups in order to implement tailored prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Weishorn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ayham Jaber
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Trefzer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Zietzschmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Kern
- Ethianum Heidelberg, Fehrentzstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- TSG 1899 Hoffenheim Fußball-Spielbetriebs GmbH, Horrenberger Straße 58, 74939 Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Spielmann
- TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Horrenberger Straße 58, 74939 Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannic Bangert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- TSG 1899 Hoffenheim Fußball-Spielbetriebs GmbH, Horrenberger Straße 58, 74939 Zuzenhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kempe H, Rasmussen-Barr E, von Rosen P. Coaches' experiences of injury prevention in youth elite athletes: An interview study of 10 coaches. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 63:112-117. [PMID: 37549589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injury prevention is important to reduce the high injury risk in youth elite athletes studying at sports high schools. Coaches are considered important in youth elite sports and injury prevention. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate perceptions and experiences of injury prevention among coaches at sports high schools. METHODS A manifest qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used based on ten semi-structured interviews with coaches who work at sports high schools. RESULTS An overarching theme "Coaches of youth athletes value injury prevention but have limited knowledge and support" was identified and five main categories were formed. Coaches perceived themselves to play an important role in injury prevention, yet they described limited time for knowledge acquisition and highlighted the close collaboration with other professions as a key in injury prevention. CONCLUSION A coach's knowledge and support are critical factors in injury prevention of youth elite athletes. Evidence-based as well as non-evidence-based approaches are used, and the biopsychosocial perspective was not always taken into consideration. A need for more interprofessional collaboration and knowledge acquisition regarding injury prevention is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Kempe
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eva Rasmussen-Barr
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Philip von Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jacobsson J, Kowalski J, Timpka T, Hansson PO, Spreco A, Dahlstrom O. Universal prevention through a digital health platform reduces injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:364-370. [PMID: 36564148 PMCID: PMC9985750 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether universal prevention via a digital health platform can reduce the injury incidence in athletics athletes aged 12-15 years and if club size had an influence on the effect of the intervention. METHODS This was a cluster randomised trial where young athletics athletes were randomised through their club following stratification by club size into intervention (11 clubs; 56 athletes) and control (10 clubs; 79 athletes) groups. The primary endpoint was time from baseline to the first self-reported injury. Intervention group parents and coaches were given access to a website with health information adapted to adolescent athletes and were encouraged to log in and explore its content during 16 weeks. The control group continued training as normal. Training exposure and injury data were self-reported by youths/parents every second week, that is, eight times. The primary endpoint data were analysed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the second study aim with intervention status and club size included in the explanatory models. RESULTS The proportion of completed training reports was 85% (n=382) in the intervention group and 86% (n=545) in the control group. The injury incidence was significantly lower (HR=0.62; χ2=3.865; p=0.049) in the intervention group. The median time to first injury was 16 weeks in the intervention group and 8 weeks in the control group. An interaction effect between the intervention and stratification factor was observed with a difference in injury risk between athletes in the large clubs in the intervention group versus their peers in the control group (HR 0.491 (95% CI 0.242 to 0.998); p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS A protective effect against injury through universal access to health information adapted for adolescent athletes was observed in youth athletics athletes. The efficacy of the intervention was stronger in large clubs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03459313.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | | | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Medical Committee, Swedish Athletics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Orjan Dahlstrom
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jacobsson J, Mirkovic D, Hansson PO, Lundqvist C, Mann RH, Tranaeus U. Youth athletes at Swedish sports high schools with an athletics specialism emphasise environmental support for injury risk management: a focus group study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001527. [PMID: 37200774 PMCID: PMC10186414 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined knowledge and understanding of sport-related injuries among youth athletics (track and field) athletes and assessed their needs in managing any health problems. Qualitative data were collected via 12 focus groups with youth athletes (16-19 years) studying at Swedish sports high schools with an athletics specialism. All focus group discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed before being analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Four researchers independently reviewed the transcripts, generated codes and developed themes. Three overarching themes related to the athletes' knowledge and understanding of sport-related injury were developed: (1) awareness of injuries, (2) perception of injuries, and (3) factors contributing to injuries. The youth athletes were typically uncertain about how to acknowledge a sport-related injury. They expressed that knowledge about injuries was obtained in part by reflecting on the lived experiences of their peers. It was also demonstrated that there appears to be a 'culture of acceptance' regarding injury occurrence. In contrast, causes of injuries were viewed as dependent on multiple factors (eg, lack of context-specific knowledge about training practices). Regarding athletes' needs in managing injuries, an additional three themes were developed: (1) creating functioning elite sports environments, (2) application of knowledge and (3) fostering athletes. An apparent lack of structure and organisation related to the school environment was identified as an important issue to review to create opportunities for sustainable athletic development. The study identified areas that can be improved in Swedish sports high schools with an athletic specialism and could be applied in other youth sports contexts. The results of this study guide school stakeholders, alongside the sport governing bodies who have the mandate to influence activities in youth sports contexts, whereby special attention should be directed towards improving the social environment for youth athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Federation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per-Olof Hansson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Carolina Lundqvist
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Henry Mann
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ulrika Tranaeus
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sport Performance and Exercise Research & Innovation Center - Stockholm, SPERIC-S, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fagher K, Kunorozva L, Badenhorst M, Derman W, Kissick J, Verhagen E, Ahmed OH, Jederström M, Heron N, Khoshnood AM, Silva A, Kenttä G, Lexell J. Safe and Healthy Para sport project (SHAPE): a study protocol of a complex intervention within Para sport. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001392. [PMID: 36101569 PMCID: PMC9422828 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health education. Therefore, the overarching aim of this project is to evaluate an accessible health promotion web platform as part of a complex intervention that aims to improve knowledge of athlete health in Para sport. In this protocol, the development, future implementation and evaluation of the intervention are described. To inform the implementation and use of such interventions, it is recommended to involve end users in the development and implementation process. Therefore, a participatory design process, including athletes and the sports organisation, was used to develop an accessible health promotion web platform. To evaluate this complex intervention, a process evaluation combining quantitative evaluation assessing causal pathways with qualitative methods assessing multifaceted pathways will be used. The primary outcomes are injury/illness incidence, athlete health parameters, health literacy and user behaviour. A cohort of elite Para athletes (n=150) from Sweden and South Africa will be invited to participate. This project will be the first that aims to improve athlete health in Para sport through pragmatic and accessible health promotion. It is a boundary-crossing project that will be conducted in a real-world sport setting, including athletes with different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lovemore Kunorozva
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James Kissick
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- The FA Centre for Disability Football Research, The Football Association, Burton Upon Trent, UK
| | - Moa Jederström
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, School of Medicine, Keele University, Belfast, UK
| | - Ardavan M Khoshnood
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andressa Silva
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Göran Kenttä
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonell Monsonís O, Verhagen E, Kaux JF, Bolling C. 'I always considered I needed injury prevention to become an elite athlete': the road to the Olympics from the athlete and staff perspective. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001217. [PMID: 34950504 PMCID: PMC8650470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the perspectives about sports injury prevention of Belgium Olympic level athletes, coaches, managers and healthcare providers from various Olympic sports. We conducted a qualitative study, including 17 semistructured interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by two independent coders through constant comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory principles. Our findings overview the athlete's journey to becoming an elite athlete, and how an elite sports context influences and modulates injury prevention practice at this level. Participants described an elite athletic career as a continuous and adaptive evolving process. According to athletes and all stakeholders, sports injury prevention is a learning process shaped by individual experiences. This embodiment provides athletes with insight into the importance of ownership of their bodies and self-awareness. Thus, experience, communication, empowerment, knowledge, education, the elite athlete context and sports culture, all play a fundamental role in sports injury prevention. Our findings support the importance of contextual factors in sports injury prevention in an elite sports context. These results also bring practical implications on how we should approach injury prevention differently along an athlete's journey to becoming an elite athlete. Considering specific contextual factors and influencing the process through awareness, communication and a shared responsibility is essential to develop a healthy and successful athlete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bonell Monsonís
- Department of Movement Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Francois Kaux
- Physical Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, SportS2, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, French-speaking Research Network for Athlete Health Protection & Performance (ReFORM), Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ek A, Kowalski J, Jacobsson J. Training in spikes and number of training hours correlate to injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): A prospective 52-week study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:122-128. [PMID: 34654650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe the annual incidence and types of musculoskeletal injuries, and to examine factors associated with injury risk. DESIGN A 52-week prospective study in Swedish youth athletics aged 12-15 years. METHODS Data on exposure to training and injury were collected from parents/caregivers and youth athletes using a web-survey system. RESULTS A total of 101 (86%) youth athletes participated. Fifty-four (53%) of the athletes reported one new injury. Girls were at higher risk of sustaining an injury than boys (p = 0.048). Ninety-one percent of the new injuries were non-traumatic and 85% occurred in the lower extremities. Injuries to the front thigh represented 20% of the injuries. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed a six-fold increased risk for a first injury for athletes reporting use of spikes and training <6 h every two weeks (hazard ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-31.3) compared to athletes training <6 h using no spikes. Athletes training 6 h or more reporting use or no use of spikes had an eight-fold increase injury risk (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Almost half of the youth athletes experienced a new injury and girls had a higher risk compared to boys. Nine out of ten injuries were related to overuse. An interesting observation was the high incidence of injuries to the quadriceps muscle complex. The study identified a correlation with training hours and an interaction with track spikes and risk of injury that needs further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ek
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Jan Kowalski
- Swedish Athletics Association, Sweden; JK Biostatistics AB, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Swedish Athletics Association, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Osta L, El Helou A, Hatem HA, El Osta N. Injury patterns among national-level athletes in Lebanon: a retrospective study. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:641-658. [PMID: 34037504 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1929222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:This study aims to assess the annual prevalence, associated factors, and characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders among Lebanese national-level athletes.Methods: Lebanese athletes aged 18 and over and who competed in a top-level national championship during an entire athletics season were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through questionnaire assessing self-reported injury during the past year. Injury, dependent variable of the study, was defined as a musculoskeletal condition that made the athlete partially or completely abstains from training or competition for a 1-week minimum injury period.Results: Among the 250 eligible athletes, 210 (84.0%) (25.5±6.7 years) completed the questionnaire. The 1-year retrospective injury prevalence was 51.9% (95% confidence interval, 45.1%-58.7%). Injured athletes reported 150 injuries: 128 (85.3%) affected the lower extremities, and 111 (74.0%) occurred during training. The most common type was muscle cramps/spasm (n=53; 35.3%); and overuse (n=121; 80.7%) was the predominant cause. Athletes who mainly practiced endurance disciplines (-p-value=0.042), who participated in international athletics championships (-p-value=0.047), and who were taking chronic medications (-p-value=0.049) had more injuries in the past year.Conclusion: These findings may help inform potential injury prevention programs, which should target injuries affecting the lower extremities, and consider the factors associated with injury risk among Lebanese athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana El Osta
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdo El Helou
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habib Aimé Hatem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Equipe D'accueil EA 4847, Centre De Recherche En Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire De Recherche Cranio-Faciale, Unité De Santé Orale, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assessing parents, youth athletes and coaches subjective health literacy: A cross-sectional study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:627-634. [PMID: 33637410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe levels of subjective Health Literacy (HL), and to examine possible differences in prevalence proportions between sexes, age groups and level of educations among youth athletes and their mentors (coaches, parents/caregivers) in Swedish Athletics. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Data on subjective HL were collected using the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (S-CCHL) instrument for mentors and for youth the School-Aged Children (HLSAC) instrument. Questions assessing mentors' literacy on sports injury and return to play were also included. RESULTS The surveys were completed by 159 (91%) mentors and 143 youth athletes (87%). The level of S-CCHL was sufficient in 53% of the mentors. Of youth athletes, 28% reported a high level of HL and the item with least perceived high HL (21%) was critical thinking. Ninety-four percent of the mentors believed that it is quite possible to prevent injuries in athletics and 53% perceived having a very good knowledge about how to prevent injuries. Forty-six percent of the mentors perceived having a very good knowledge of return to sport criteria. CONCLUSIONS The level of health literacy was low with about half of the mentors and one out of three youth athletes having adequate HL levels. Only half of the mentors stated having a good knowledge of various injury prevention strategies. To reduce health consequences in youth sport and enable talent development more work is needed to understand the facilitators and barriers for the uptake of various health promotion and injury prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hausken-Sutter SE, Pringle R, Schubring A, Grau S, Barker-Ruchti N. Youth sport injury research: a narrative review and the potential of interdisciplinarity. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000933. [PMID: 33489308 PMCID: PMC7805357 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent sports injuries, researchers have aimed to understand injury aetiology from both the natural and social sciences and through applying different methodologies. This research has produced strong disciplinary knowledge and a number of injury prevention programmes. Yet, the injury rate continues to be high, especially in youth sport and youth football. A key reason for the continued high injury rate is the development of injury prevention programmes based on monodisciplinary knowledge that does not account for the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. The purpose of this paper is to consider and outline an interdisciplinary research process to research the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. To support our proposition, we first present a narrative review of existing youth football and youth sport injury research demonstrating an absence of paradigmatic integration across the research areas’ main disciplines of biomedicine, psychology and sociology. We then demonstrate how interdisciplinary research can address the complexity of youth sport injury aetiology. Finally, we introduce the interdisciplinary process we have recently followed in a youth football injury research project. While further research is necessary, particularly regarding the integration of qualitative and quantitative sport injury data, we propose that the pragmatic interdisciplinary research process can be useful for researchers who aim to work across disciplines and paradigms and aim to employ methodological pluralism in their research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Pringle
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Astrid Schubring
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Barker-Ruchti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boccia G, Cardinale M, Brustio PR. Performance progression of elite jumpers: Early performances do not predict later success. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:132-139. [PMID: 32881090 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed (a) to estimate the transition rate for top 50 ranked track and field jumpers, (b) to compare the performance progression of top 50 ranked senior jumpers (top50 senior) to those who failed to be top 50 ranked in the senior category despite being top 50 ranked in the under 18 category (only U18), and (c) to verify whether relative age effect may at least partially explain the differences in the two above-mentioned subgroups. The career performance trajectories of 5981 athletes (2837 females) competing in jump events from 2000 to 2019 were extracted from the World Athletics database. The all-time top 50 ranked athletes for each age from 16 years to senior category were identified. Performance progression characteristics were compared using linear mixed-effects model. Only 8% of males and 16% of females top 50 ranked at the age of 16 years managed to be included among the top50 senior. Only U18subgroup made the first appearance in the database (at 15-16 years) and reached the peak performance (at 20 years) earlier than top50 senior (17-18 and 26-27 years, respectively). The relative age effect was largely present in Only U18 but not in top50 senior subgroups. Most of the early-successful U18 world-class jumpers did not manage to maintain the same level of competitiveness in adulthood since they experienced a plateau in performance from 20 years of age. Conversely, top 50 ranked senior jumpers continued to produce consistent performance improvement up to 26-27 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscularFunction, Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinale
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Plymouth, UK.,Department of Computer Science and Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- NeuroMuscularFunction, Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stölzel F, Wolff M, Fieber V, Glausch M, Wachs C, Breitbart E, Bornhäuser M, Seidel N. UV protection for young athletes: using participatory program planning to develop a sports schools program. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:39. [PMID: 32778053 PMCID: PMC7418192 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma increased rapidly throughout the last decades, with overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation being an established risk factor. Due to their intensive sun exposure, many student athletes (SAs) have an increased risk for skin cancer. The Clever in Sun and Shade Program (CSSP) aims at enforcing positive attitudes toward UV protection (UVP) and at supporting sports schools in establishing UVP strategies. METHODS CSSP was developed in 2019 using participatory program planning (PPP) as well as following WHO recommendations for UVP at schools. After drafting first material, within a PPP groups were conducted at a partner school (convenience sample 1) with students (n = 20), teachers (n = 5), school administration (n = 2), and coaches (n = 5). Materials were then adapted. Program acceptance and feasibility were tested at two further schools (convenience sample 2) with PPP groups of students (n = 95) and school administration (n = 2). Content analyses and descriptive statistics were conducted. RESULTS Less than 50% of SAs and coaches of sample 1 expressed positive attitudes toward UVP, less than 10% reported appropriate UVP behavior. By using PPP, program material was adapted to the target groups' needs, i.e., by including specific barriers and solutions. Only the most accepted video drafts were produced. The majority of SAs of sample 2 (80-86%) used predominantly positive adjectives such as "important" and "positive" to describe the completed videos and the behavior self-check poster. CONCLUSIONS PPP process has greatly influenced concept and materials of CSSP for sports schools. Integration of future program participants has proven to be an important component in creating a fitting and feasible program. CSSP for sports schools is a program free of charge that enables sports schools to integrate UVP into their daily routine. It will be disseminated in cooperation with German Olympic Sports Confederation and German Cancer Aid in 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stölzel
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michaela Wolff
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Fieber
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Glausch
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Wachs
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eckhard Breitbart
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Prävention (ADP), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Seidel
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jacobsson J, Ekberg J, Timpka T, Haggren Råsberg L, Sjöberg M, Mirkovic D, Nilsson S. Developing web-based health guidance for coaches and parents in child athletics (track and field). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1248-1255. [PMID: 32201975 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop athletics health guidance (AHG) aimed at supporting coaches and parents involved in organized child athletics by providing practical advice and tools for the management of the most common health problems experienced in athletics by the 12- to 15-year olds. The study used participatory action research (PAR) and an established health service guideline development procedure modified to fit AHG development in child athletics. A sequential process consisting of four steps with associated subgoals was employed. The collected data were structured according to the AHG development steps and analyzed using qualitative methods. The most common health concern identified was injuries related to growth and overuse. No randomized controlled studies investigating injury prevention programs or any existing concepts/guidelines in child athletics were found that could be used in the development of the AHG. A requirements document was instead defined in a nominal group process and used for the AHG development. The areas included in the final AHG were as follows: training youth athletes, growth and puberty, recovery, injury prevention, injuries and illnesses, mental illness, safe sport, and anti-doping. The evidence regarding health issues in child athletics is limited, indicating that actions to support good health in the sport are currently based essentially on best practice. The long-term aim of the AHG and associated website is to systematically create and introduce conditions that can bridge the "know-do gap" and provide coaches and parents with easy-to-access and up-to-date knowledge in the field of child athlete health in athletics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Swedish Athletics Association, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ekberg
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wik EH, Martínez-Silván D, Farooq A, Cardinale M, Johnson A, Bahr R. Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:894-903. [PMID: 32034797 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injuries are common in elite adolescent athletics, but few studies have addressed risk factors for injury. Growth and maturation are potential risk factors in this population; however, the current body of literature is both inconclusive and considered at high risk of bias. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether growth rate, maturity status, and maturity tempo are associated with injury risk in an elite sports academy. Anthropometric, skeletal maturity and injury data collected prospectively over four seasons (117 athlete-seasons) were included in the analyses. Growth rate for stature was associated with greater risk of bone (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.5 per one standard deviation increase above the mean; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and growth plate injuries (IRR: 2.1; 1.5-3.1). Growth rate for leg length was associated with greater overall injury risk (IRR: 1.3; 1.0-1.7) as well as the risk of bone (IRR: 1.4; 1.0-1.9) and growth plate injuries (IRR: 2.1; 1.4-3.0). Athletes with greater skeletal maturity, expressed as skeletal age (IRR: 0.6 per year; 0.5-0.9) and percentage of predicted mature height (IRR: 0.8 per percent increase; 0.7-1.0), were less prone to growth plate injuries. Rate of change in skeletal age was associated with an increased risk of bone injuries (IRR: 1.5; 1.0-2.3). The results of this study suggest that rapid growth in stature and leg length, skeletal maturity status, and maturity tempo represent risk factors for certain injury types in adolescent athletics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Halvorsen Wik
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Martínez-Silván
- Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marco Cardinale
- Department of Sports Science, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Computer Science and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Aspire Academy Sports Medicine Center, National Sports Medicine Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carragher P, Rankin A, Edouard P. A One-Season Prospective Study of Illnesses, Acute, and Overuse Injuries in Elite Youth and Junior Track and Field Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:13. [PMID: 33344937 PMCID: PMC7739821 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In high-level adult athletes, injury incidences and characteristics have been reported during international championships and during one season. Youth track and field athletes are also exposed to injury risk, although less information is available on this specific population, as well as on illness risk. Aim: To determine the prevalence of health problems (i.e., illnesses, acute, and overuse injuries) in high level Youth and Junior Track & Field athletes. Method: During the 2015–16 athletics season (30 weeks from December 2015 to July 2016), we conducted a prospective cohort study on a population of Youth and Junior Irish national level athletes, during which athletes were asked to complete a weekly web-based questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems) regarding their health problems. Results: A total of 70 athletes participated (37 male and 33 female athletes), with an average weekly response rate of 71%. The average weekly prevalence for all athletes was 27% (95%CI 17 to 38%) for all health problems, and 11% (95%CI 3 to 18%) for substantial health problems. Average prevalence varied significantly between endurance and explosive disciplines: a higher prevalence of all and substantial health problems and all and substantial overuse injuries was found in endurance disciplines. A higher prevalence of acute injuries was found in explosive disciplines. Characteristics of acute and overuse injuries differed according to sex and discipline: hamstring strain/cramps/spasms was the main injuries in explosive disciplines, and knee tendinopathy and lower leg strain/cramp/spasms in endurance disciplines, trunk cramps/spasms being frequent in both disciplines. Upper respiratory tract problems were the most commonly reported illnesses regardless of sex and disciplines. Conclusion: This study provides important information regarding the extent of health problem in Youth and Junior track and field athletes. This could help orient injury prevention measures. For injuries, it should be focused on muscle injuries, especially located on the hamstring, calf, and trunk. For illness, prevention measures could include: screening tests for airway problems, but also general illness prevention measures (e.g., drinking regularly, eating “safe” food, regular hand washing, decreasing contact with sick people, avoiding dehydration).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Carragher
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Rankin
- SportNI Sports Institute, Jordanstown, United Kingdom.,Sports Medicine NI, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France.,Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France.,Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Centre de Médecine du Sport, Division de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,European Athletics Medical and Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bolling C, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR, Verhagen E. Context Matters: Revisiting the First Step of the 'Sequence of Prevention' of Sports Injuries. Sports Med 2019; 48:2227-2234. [PMID: 29956077 PMCID: PMC6132444 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to prevent sports injuries. Unfortunately, the demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness of injury prevention approaches are not translated into lasting real-world effects. Contemporary views in sports medicine and injury prevention suggest that sports injuries are ‘complex’ phenomena. If the problem we aim to prevent is complex, then the first step in the ‘sequence of prevention’ that defines the ‘injury problem’ already needs to have considered this. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the first step of the ‘sequence of prevention’, and to explore new perspectives that acknowledge the complexity of the sports injury problem. First, this paper provides a retrospective of the ‘sequence of prevention’, acknowledging contemporary views on sports injuries and their prevention. Thereafter, from the perspective of the socioecological model, we demonstrate the need for taking into account the complex nature of sports injuries in the first step. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to explore and understand injury context through qualitative research methods. A better understanding of the injury problem in context will guide more context-sensitive studies, thus providing a new perspective for sports injury prevention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H Roeline Pasman
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|