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Mo PC, Lin CF, Li Y, Hernandez ME, Liao JC, Hung IYJ, Jan YK. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to assess the effect of the cupping size on the spatial hemodynamic response from the area inside and outside the cup of the biceps. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302828. [PMID: 38722930 PMCID: PMC11081366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cupping therapy is a popular intervention for improving muscle recovery after exercise although clinical evidence is weak. Previous studies demonstrated that cupping therapy may improve microcirculation of the soft tissue to accelerate tissue healing. However, it is unclear whether the cupping size could affect the spatial hemodynamic response of the treated muscle. The objective of this study was to use 8-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to assess this clinical question by assessing the effect of 3 cupping sizes (35, 40, and 45 mm in inner diameter of the circular cup) under -300 mmHg for 5 min on the muscle hemodynamic response from the area inside and outside the cup, including oxyhemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin in 18 healthy adults. Two-way factorial design was used to assess the interaction between the cupping size (35, 40, and 45 mm) and the location (inside and outside the cup) and the main effects of the cupping size and the location. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated an interaction between the cupping size and the location in deoxy-hemoglobin (P = 0.039) but no interaction in oxyhemoglobin (P = 0.100), and a main effect of the cup size (P = 0.001) and location (P = 0.023) factors in oxyhemoglobin. For the cupping size factor, the 45-mm cup resulted in a significant increase in oxyhemoglobin (5.738±0.760 μM) compared to the 40-mm (2.095±0.312 μM, P<0.001) and 35-mm (3.134±0.515 μM, P<0.01) cup. Our findings demonstrate that the cupping size and location factors affect the muscle hemodynamic response, and the use of multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy may help understand benefits of cupping therapy on managing musculoskeletal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Chun Mo
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yameng Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Manuel E. Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi Mei Hospital Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Isabella Yu-Ju Hung
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Li Y, Mo PC, Peng F, Guo J, Sheng Z, Lyu S, Jan YK. Using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to assess the effect of cupping therapy on the spatial hemodynamic response of the biceps muscle: A preliminary study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:459-471. [PMID: 37899055 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local hemodynamic response after cupping therapy has been considered as a contributing factor for improving muscle tissue health; however, the effects of cupping pressure and duration on the spatial hemodynamic response have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic response inside and outside the cupping cup under various pressures and durations of cupping therapy. METHODS A 3-way factorial design with repeated measures was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of the location (areas inside and outside the cup), pressure (-225 and -300 mmHg) and duration (5 and 10 min) on the hemodynamic response of the biceps muscle. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess hemodynamic changes in 18 participants. RESULTS A significant three-way interaction of the location, pressure, and duration factors was observed in oxyhemoglobin (p= 0.023), deoxy-hemoglobin (p= 0.013), and blood volume (p= 0.013). A significant increase was observed in oxyhemoglobin, blood volume, and oxygenation compared to pre-cupping (p< 0.05) in the area outside the cup. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that an appropriate combination of cupping pressure and duration can effectively affect the spatial hemodynamic response of the biceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu-Chun Mo
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhongzhen Sheng
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shaojun Lyu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Liau BY, Lung CW, Hernandez ME, Mo PC, Li Y, Guo J, Jan YK. Using cross-correlation analysis of multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy to assess the hemodynamic response to cupping therapy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4455-4467. [PMID: 37791272 PMCID: PMC10545202 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cupping therapy is a common intervention for the management of musculoskeletal impairment. Previous studies have demonstrated that cupping therapy can improve muscle hemodynamic responses using single-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, the effects of cupping therapy on spatial hemodynamic responses as well as the correlation between oxyhemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin are largely unknown. The cross-correlation function (CCF) algorithm was used to determine the correlation between time-series NIRS signals from inside and outside the cup as well as time-series oxyhemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin under 4 cupping intensities, including -225 and -300 mmHg for 5 and 10 min. The main finding was that the maximum CCF values of oxyhemoglobin was significantly higher than those in deoxy-hemoglobin (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was found that there was a correlation between deoxy-hemoglobin with a longer duration and a larger magnitude of negative pressure. This is the first study investigating time-series hemodynamic responses after cupping therapy using cross-correlation function analysis of multi-channel NIRS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Yi Liau
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Lung
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Manuel E. Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pu-Chun Mo
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yameng Li
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Pinzone AG, Erb EK, Humm SM, Kearney SG, Kingsley JD. Cannabis use for exercise recovery in trained individuals: a survey study. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:32. [PMID: 37542349 PMCID: PMC10403841 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use, be it either cannabidiol (CBD) use and/or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use, shows promise to enhance exercise recovery. The present study aimed to determine if individuals are using CBD and/or THC as a means of recovery from aerobic and/or resistance exercise, as well as additional modalities that might be used to aid in recovery. METHODS Following consent, 111 participants (Mean ± SD: Age: 31 ± 13 years) completed an anonymous survey. All participants were regularly using cannabis (CBD and/or THC) as well as were currently exercising. Questions pertained to level of cannabis use, methods used for consumption of cannabis, exercise habits, exercise recovery strategies, and demographics. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of participants reported participating in aerobic training. In addition, 85% of participants also reported regular participation in resistance exercise. Seventy-two percent of participants participated in both aerobic and resistance exercise. Ninety-three percent of participants felt that CBD use assisted them with recovery from exercise, while 87% of participants felt the same regarding THC use. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who habitually use cannabis, CBD or THC, and regularly engage in exercise do feel that cannabis assists them with exercise recovery. More data are necessary to understand the role of cannabis in exercise recovery as well as perceived ergogenic benefits of cannabis by individuals who both regularly participate in exercise and habitually use cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Pinzone
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Emily K Erb
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Stacie M Humm
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | | | - J Derek Kingsley
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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Li Y, Mo PC, Lin CF, Pauly S, Kundal N, Hernandez ME, Jan YK. Using near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the effects of pressures and durations of cupping therapy on muscle blood volume and oxygenation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202200342. [PMID: 37002817 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cupping therapy has been widely used to manage musculoskeletal impairment. However, the effects of pressure and duration of cupping therapy on the hemodynamic activity of the muscle have not been investigated. A 2 × 2 repeated measures factorial design was used to examine the main effect and interaction of pressure (-225 and -300 mmHg) and duration (5 and 10 min) on biceps muscle blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy in 18 participants. The results showed that a significant interaction is between pressure and duration on deoxy-hemoglobin (p = 0.045). A significant main effect of pressure is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005) and a significant main effect of duration is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005). Cupping therapy at -300 mmHg for 10 min results in a higher oxyhemoglobin (6.75 ± 2.08 μM) and deoxy-hemoglobin (1.71 ± 0.78 μM) compared to other three combinations. Our study provides first evidence that the pressure and duration factors of cupping therapy can significantly affect muscle blood volume and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Li
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu-Chun Mo
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheng-Feng Lin
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Serah Pauly
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikeeta Kundal
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Manuel E Hernandez
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Li Y, Mo PC, Jain S, Elliott J, Bleakney A, Lyu S, Jan YK. Effect of durations and pressures of cupping therapy on muscle stiffness of triceps. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:996589. [PMID: 36466351 PMCID: PMC9712727 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.996589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupping therapy has been used for the alleviation of muscle soreness in athletes. However, clinical studies of cupping therapy show conflicting results. Lack of standardized guidelines of the dose-response relationship of cupping therapy, such as appropriate cupping duration and negative pressure, limits the adoption of cupping therapy in clinical practice. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of various pressures and durations of cupping therapy on reducing muscle stiffness. The 2 × 2 factorial design with the repeated measures and counterbalanced design was used to test four cupping protocols, including two negative pressures at -225 and -300 mmHg and two durations at 5 and 10 min, in 12 healthy young people. B-mode and elastographic ultrasound was used to assess muscle stiffness of the triceps before and after cupping therapy. The region of interest of elastographic image was divided into the superficial and deep layers for assessing the effect of cupping therapy on stiffness of various depths of the triceps. Normalized stiffness was calculated as a ratio of pre-cupping stiffness divided by post-cupping stiffness of each participant. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the main effects of the pressure and duration factors and the interaction effect between the pressure and duration factors. The results showed that there were no interactions between the pressure and duration factors (overall layer p = 0.149, superficial layer p = 0.632, and deep layer p = 0.491). The main effects of duration of the overall, superficial and deep layers were p = 0.538, p = 0.097 and p = 0.018, respectively. The results showed that 10-min cupping at -300 mmHg is more effective on reducing stiffness of the deep layer of the triceps compared to 5-min cupping (p = 0.031). This study provides the first evidence that the dose of cupping therapy could significantly affect changes of triceps stiffness and the deep layer of the muscle is more sensitive to cupping therapy compared to the superficial and overall layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu-Chun Mo
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv Jain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jeannette Elliott
- Disability Resources and Educational Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Adam Bleakney
- Disability Resources and Educational Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Shaojun Lyu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Disability Resources and Educational Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Liu X, Wang Y, Wu Z. Infrared thermal imaging-based skin temperature response during cupping at two different negative pressures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15506. [PMID: 36109563 PMCID: PMC9477883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cupping therapy can relieve muscle fatigue and pain after exercise by increasing blood flow at the treatment site, which may lead to dynamic changes of the local skin temperature. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cupping on local skin temperature under two different negative pressures using infrared thermography (IRT). Cupping therapy was performed on the forearms of 22 healthy subjects using the negative pressures of − 0.03 and − 0.04 MPa. IRT was used to record the dynamic changes in skin temperature before, during, and after cupping. Both cupping pressures induced a non-linear skin temperature response: temperature decreased first and then increased during cupping, while it first increased and then decreased after cupping. A significant difference was noted between the two negative pressure groups in the maximum temperature increment after cupping (P < 0.001). Compared with the basal temperature before cupping, the maximum increase in skin temperature after cupping in the − 0.03 and − 0.04 MPa groups was 0.92 and 1.42 °C, respectively. The findings of this study can lay the foundation evaluating the curative effect of cupping based on IRT and provide an objective reference for selecting the cupping negative pressure.
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Xiang T, Zhang X, Wei Y, Feng D, Gong Z, Liu X, Yuan J, Jiang W, Nie M, Fan Y, Chen Y, Feng J, Dong S, Gao C, Huang J, Jiang R. Possible mechanism and Atorvastatin-based treatment in cupping therapy-related subdural hematoma: A case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:900145. [PMID: 35937065 PMCID: PMC9354981 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subdural hematoma (SDH) is one of the most lethal types of traumatic brain injury. SDH caused by Intracranial Pressure Reduction (ICPR) is rare, and the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report three cases of SDH that occurred after substandard cupping therapy and are conjected to be associated with ICPR. All of them had undergone cupping treatments. On the last cupping procedure, they experienced a severe headache after the cup placed on the occipital-neck junction (ONJ) was suddenly removed and were diagnosed with SDH the next day. In standard cupping therapy, the cups are not usually placed on the ONJ. We speculate that removing these cups on the soft tissue over the cisterna magna repeatedly created localized negative pressure, caused temporary but repeated ICPR, and eventually led to SDH development. The Monro-Kellie Doctrine can explain the mechanism behind this - it states that the intracranial pressure is regulated by a fixed system, with any change in one component causing a compensatory change in the other. The repeated ICPR promoted brain displacement, tearing of the bridging veins, and development of SDH. The literature was reviewed to illustrate the common etiologies and therapies of secondary ICPR-associated SDH. Despite the popularity of cupping therapy, its side effects are rarely mentioned. This case is reported to remind professional technicians to fully assess a patient's condition before cupping therapy and ensure that the cups are not placed at the ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangtang Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingsheng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyi Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangyuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiancheng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiying Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Rongcai Jiang
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Yu S, Hsu CY, Chuang HY, Yang CC, Lai CL, Yu HS. Abnormalities in Cutaneous Microcirculation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Chronic Insomnia Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245718. [PMID: 34945014 PMCID: PMC8703751 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired sympathetic response is frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On the other hand, chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is also often accompanied by activation of sympathetic nerves. Considering that cutaneous microcirculation reflects sympathetic tone, we hypothesized that baseline cutaneous microcirculation in fingers, as detected by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), differs among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and CID. As light therapy is one of the adjunctive treatments for AD and CID, we designed a randomized controlled cross-over trial of light therapy through eyes for 12 weeks with red light as treatment and green light as control limb, and examined if light therapy has an impact on cutaneous microcirculation. Before light therapy, patients with AD had significantly lower baseline cutaneous perfusion than those with CID in left and right first to fourth fingers. After red light therapy, however, cutaneous perfusion of fingers in CID patients significantly decreased (right fingers, before vs. after = 227.25 ± 62.00 vs. 162.00 ± 49.34, p = 0.007; left fingers, before vs. after = 228.99 ± 58.80 vs. 177.41 ± 59.41, p = 0.003) while cutaneous perfusion of fingers in CID patients did not significantly change after green light therapy. Light therapy with red light also significantly increased cutaneous finger perfusion in patients with AD (right fingers, before vs. after = 130.13 ± 49.82 vs. 172.38 ± 38.32, p = 0.043). Our results suggest that cutaneous perfusion is a useful tool to detect sympathetic dysfunction in patients with CID and AD, and that light therapy with red light is a potential therapeutic intervention to reverse impaired sympathetic function in patients with CID and patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health and Environmental and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Lian Lai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-L.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
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Effects of Muscle Fatigue and Recovery on Complexity of Surface Electromyography of Biceps Brachii. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23081036. [PMID: 34441176 PMCID: PMC8391607 DOI: 10.3390/e23081036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the degree of regularity of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals during muscle fatigue during dynamic contractions and muscle recovery after cupping therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing both muscle fatigue and muscle recovery using a nonlinear method. Twelve healthy participants were recruited to perform biceps curls at 75% of the 10 repetitions maximum under four conditions: immediately and 24 h after cupping therapy (-300 mmHg pressure), as well as after sham control (no negative pressure). Cupping therapy or sham control was assigned to each participant according to a pre-determined counter-balanced order and applied to the participant's biceps brachii for 5 min. The degree of regularity of the sEMG signal during the first, second, and last 10 repetitions (Reps) of biceps curls was quantified using a modified sample entropy (Ems) algorithm. When exercise was performed immediately or 24 h after sham control, Ems of the sEMG signal showed a significant decrease from the first to second 10 Reps; when exercise was performed immediately after cupping therapy, Ems also showed a significant decrease from the first to second 10 Reps but its relative change was significantly smaller compared to the condition of exercise immediately after sham control. When exercise was performed 24 h after cupping therapy, Ems did not show a significant decrease, while its relative change was significantly smaller compared to the condition of exercise 24 h after sham control. These results indicated that the degree of regularity of sEMG signals quantified by Ems is capable of assessing muscle fatigue and the effect of cupping therapy. Moreover, this measure seems to be more sensitive to muscle fatigue and could yield more consistent results compared to the traditional linear measures.
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Hou X, Wang X, Griffin L, Liao F, Peters J, Jan YK. Immediate and Delayed Effects of Cupping Therapy on Reducing Neuromuscular Fatigue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:678153. [PMID: 34277583 PMCID: PMC8280458 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.678153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cupping therapy has been popular in elite athletes in recent years. However, the effect of cupping therapy on reducing muscle fatigue has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of cupping therapy on reducing biceps brachii fatigue during biceps curls. Twelve healthy untrained participants were recruited for this repeated-measures study. Cupping therapy (–300 mmHg pressure for 5 min) and sham control (no negative pressure for 5 min) were applied after biceps fatigue induced by performing repeated biceps curls at 75% of the 10 repetitions of maximum of the non-dominant hand. Surface electromyography (EMG) with spectral analyses [mean frequency (MNF), median frequency (MDF), and spectral moments ratio (SMR)] were used to assess muscle fatigue during the fatigue task. EMG signals during the first 10 repetitions and the last 10 repetitions of biceps curls were used to assess neuromuscular fatigue. There were significant decreases in MNF and MDF and a significant increase in SMR immediately and 24 h after the sham control (no intervention). When comparing the MNF, MDF, and SMR after cupping therapy to the sham control, there was no significant immediate effect on reducing muscle fatigue. However, there was a significant delayed effect on improving recovery following fatigue for the cupping therapy compared to the sham control (MNF changes: sham 0.87 ± 0.02 vs. cupping 0.91 ± 0.02, p < 0.05; MDF changes sham: 0.85 ± 0.03 vs. cupping: 0.91 ± 0.02, p < 0.05; SMR changes: sham 1.89 ± 0.15 vs. cupping 1.58 ± 0.13, p < 0.05). The findings of this study demonstrate that there is a time effect of cupping therapy for reducing muscle fatigue. Cupping therapy is effective on reducing biceps brachii muscle fatigue after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hou
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisa Griffin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Fuyuan Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Joseph Peters
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Wang X, Zhang X, Elliott J, Liao F, Tao J, Jan YK. Effect of Pressures and Durations of Cupping Therapy on Skin Blood Flow Responses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608509. [PMID: 33425873 PMCID: PMC7793847 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupping therapy has been widely used in treating musculoskeletal impairments. However, there is no specific guideline on selecting the intensity of cupping therapy, including the pressure and duration. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different pressures and durations of cupping therapy on skin blood flow responses. A 2 × 2 factorial design, including two negative pressures at -225 and -300 mmHg and two durations at 5 and 10 min, was tested in 12 healthy participants. The four protocols of cupping therapy were tested in four different days. Skin blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry on the left triceps (the SJ12 acupoint). Skin blood flow after cupping therapy was expressed as a ratio of skin blood flow before cupping therapy. The results showed that -300 mmHg caused a significant increase in peak skin blood flow (16.7 ± 2.6 times) compared to -225 mmHg (11.1 ± 2.2 times, p < 0.05) under 5-min duration. The largest difference in skin blood flow is between -300 mmHg for 5 min (16.7 ± 2.6 times) and -225 mmHg for 10 min (8.1 ± 2.3 times, p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrated that a higher value (300 mmHg) of negative pressure is more effective on increasing skin blood flow compared to a lower value (225 mmHg). Also, a shorter duration (5 min) causes a larger peak and total skin blood flow compared to a longer duration (10 min). This study provides the first evidence showing the effect of pressures and durations of cupping therapy on skin blood flow responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Jeannette Elliott
- Disability Resources and Educational Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Fuyuan Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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