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Kaszab E, Bali K, Marton S, Ursu K, Farkas SL, Fehér E, Domán M, Martella V, Bányai K. Metagenomic Identification of Novel Eukaryotic Viruses with Small DNA Genomes in Pheasants. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38254406 PMCID: PMC10812470 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A panel of intestinal samples collected from common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) between 2008 and 2017 was used for metagenomic investigation using an unbiased enrichment protocol and different bioinformatic pipelines. The number of sequence reads in the metagenomic analysis ranged from 1,419,265 to 17,507,704 with a viral sequence read rate ranging from 0.01% to 59%. When considering the sequence reads of eukaryotic viruses, RNA and DNA viruses were identified in the samples, including but not limited to coronaviruses, reoviruses, parvoviruses, and CRESS DNA viruses (i.e., circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA viruses). Partial or nearly complete genome sequences were reconstructed of at least three different parvoviruses (dependoparvovirus, aveparvovirus and chaphamaparvovirus), as well as gyroviruses and diverse CRESS DNA viruses. Generating information of virus diversity will serve as a basis for developing specific diagnostic tools and for structured epidemiological investigations, useful to assess the impact of these novel viruses on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kaszab
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- One Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ursu
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia L. Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Enikő Fehér
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Domán
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Matos M, Bilic I, Viloux N, Palmieri N, Albaric O, Chatenet X, Tvarogová J, Dinhopl N, Heidl S, Liebhart D, Hess M. A novel Chaphamaparvovirus is the etiological agent of hepatitis outbreaks in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) characterized by high mortality. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2093-e2104. [PMID: 35363935 PMCID: PMC9790297 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds presenting multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis on necropsy. Severe extensive areas of degeneration and necrosis were observed in the liver, with degenerative hepatocytes presenting large amphophilic to acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy examination of liver samples showed the presence of parvovirus-like virions of 21-24 nm, a finding already reported decades ago. Further investigations by Next Generation Sequencing and PCR revealed the complete genome of a novel species of parvovirus, here designated Phasianus chaphamaparvovirus 1 (PhChPV-1), that belongs to the new genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the Hamaparvovirinae subfamily. In situ hybridization and real-time PCR confirmed the etiology of the outbreaks, demonstrating the viral genome in the lesions. The findings establish the etiology of a pathology first described in pheasants 50 years ago and pave the way for a targeted protection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Nicola Palmieri
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Jana Tvarogová
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of PathobiologyInstitute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sarah Heidl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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