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Maniaci A, Lavalle S, Masiello E, Lechien JR, Vaira L, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Musa M, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Long COVID Olfactory Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:808. [PMID: 38672163 PMCID: PMC11048638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Long COVID has brought numerous challenges to healthcare, with olfactory dysfunction (OD) being a particularly distressing outcome for many patients. The persistent loss of smell significantly diminishes the affected individual's quality of life. Recent attention has been drawn to the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy as a treatment for OD. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP therapy in ameliorating OD, especially when associated with long-term COVID-19. Methods: We executed a comprehensive search of the literature, encompassing clinical trials and observational studies that utilized PRP in treating OD limited to COVID-19. We retrieved and comprehensively discussed data such as design, participant demographics, and reported outcomes, focusing on the efficacy and safety of PRP therapy for OD in COVID-19 patients. Results: Our comprehensive analysis interestingly found promising perspectives for PRP in OD following COVID-19 infection. The collective data indicate that PRP therapy contributed to a significant improvement in olfactory function after COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: The evidence amassed suggests that PRP is a promising and safe therapeutic option for OD, including cases attributable to Long COVID-19. The observed uniform enhancement of olfactory function in patients receiving PRP highlights the necessity for well-designed, controlled trials. Such studies would help to refine treatment protocols and more definitively ascertain the efficacy of PRP in a broader, more varied patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maniaci
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, EN, Italy; (A.M.)
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (World Ear, Nose, and Throat Federation), 13005 Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Lavalle
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, EN, Italy; (A.M.)
| | - Edoardo Masiello
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Jerome R. Lechien
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (World Ear, Nose, and Throat Federation), 13005 Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Luigi Vaira
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (World Ear, Nose, and Throat Federation), 13005 Paris, France
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy
- Biomedical Science Department, Biomedical Science Ph.D. School, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, EN, Italy; (A.M.)
- Eye Clinic Catania, University San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, UD, Italy
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