Psychological factors related to donation behaviour among Chinese adults: results from a longitudinal investigation

Factors influencing consumers' intention to donate blood: A South African perspective

The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing consumer intention to donate blood in an emerging market setting. A quantitative research design was followed that entailed the collection of data from 308 non-donor respondents, using a self-administered online questionnaire. The conceptual model and hypotheses were analysed statistically, using SPSS to conduct reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and personal norms had a positive and significant influence on consumers' intention to donate blood. Ascription of responsibility was the largest influencer of personal norms towards blood donation.

Blood Donation Fear, Perceived Rewards, Self-Efficacy, and Intention to Return Among Whole Blood Donors in China: A Social Cognitive Perspective

With the increasing demand from aging population and seasonal blood shortage, recruiting and retaining blood donors has become an urgent issue for the blood collection centers in China. This study aims to understand intention to donate again from a social cognitive perspective among whole blood donors in China through investigating the association between the blood donation fear, perceived rewards, self-efficacy, and intention to return. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six cities, which are geographically and socioeconomically distinct areas in Jiangsu, China. Respondents completed a self-administrated questionnaire interviewed by two well-trained medical students. A total of 191 blood donors were included in the current study. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and a generalized linear regression model were used to explore the association between demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and intention to donate again. After controlling other covariates, donors with higher fear scores reported lower intention to return (p = 0.008). Association between self-efficacy and intention to return was statistically significant (p < 0.001), whereas the association between intrinsic rewards (p = 0.387), extrinsic rewards (p = 0.939), and intention to return were statistically insignificant. This study found that either intrinsic rewards or extrinsic rewards are not significantly associated with intention to donate again among whole blood donors in China, and fear is negatively associated with intention to donate again. Therefore, purposive strategies could be enacted beyond appeals to rewards and focus on the management of donors’ fear.

Understanding healthcare worker's intention to donate blood: an application of the theory of planned behaviour

This study aims to identify the influencing factor towards the intention to donate blood using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model among healthcare workers (HCWs). A random sample of 400 HCWs from the population received the survey via a web-based link. The hypothesised model was tested using structural equation modelling. The median (interquartile range) age of respondents was 31.0 (11.0) years with female accounting for 75.5% (n = 302). Overall, 60.3% (n = 241) have donated blood. The final structural model showed a good fit of the data: CFI = 0.972; TLI = 0.976; RMSEA = 0.052; SRMR = 0.064. Perceived behavioural control and age significantly influenced the HCW's intention to donate blood. The final model explained 43% of the total variance in intention to donate blood. The findings provide a vital message to focus on some barriers and motivational factors of blood donation behaviour among HCWs.

Intention to donate blood and its predictors among adults of Gondar city: Using theory of planned behavior

Background

Blood transfusion is a lifesaving procedure when someone encounters severe anemia, accident or injury, surgery, heavy bleeding during childbirth and cancer chemotherapy. The average blood donation rate of Africa is 4.7/1000 inhabitants and Ethiopia is among one of the countries with the lowest annual donation rate which is 0.8/1000 population. This study assessed intention to donate blood on adults of Gondar city administration using the theory of planned behavior.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was conducted on two randomly selected Gondar sub-cities using systematic sampling on a sample size of 524 adults. Epi Data version 3.0 and STATA version 14 were used for entry and analysis of data respectively. Multiple linear regression was carried out to see the association between intention and sociodemographic variables, past donation experience, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control and with 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to detect statistical significance.

Results

A total of 515 respondents participated in the study giving a response rate of 98%. Most of the participants were females (66.4%) and the participants’ age ranges from 18 to 65 years. The variance explained by the model was 49%. The mean intention to donate blood was 3.02±1.13. Direct perceived behavioural control (β = 0.14, CI (0.04, 0.23)), direct subjective norm (β = 0.11: CI (0.04, 0.17), direct attitude (β = 0.03; CI (0.01, 0.06)) and past behaviour of blood donation (β = 0.3; CI (0.07, 0.51) were significant predictor of intention.

Conclusion

Theory of planned behavior could be successfully applied in determining adult’s blood donation intention. Predictors of intention to donate blood were past experience of blood donation, direct subjective norm, direct perceived behavioural control and direct attitude. None of the external variables predict blood donation intention.

Motivation to Donate, Job Crafting, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Blood Collection Volunteers in Non-Profit Organizations

This study assesses the levels of and relationships between the Motivation to donate, Job crafting propensity, and the Organizational citizenship behavior of blood collection volunteers in a non-profit association. An Italian sample of AVIS (the Italian Association of Voluntary Blood donors) blood donors (N = 1215) actively involved in organizing blood collection, were asked to complete the Italian version of the Volunteer Function Index, the Job crafting scale, and the Organizational citizenship behavior scale. The tools were verified by Confirmatory factor analysis and their relationships were explored using Structural equation modeling for hidden variables. The three constructs have overall high scores. Motivation to donate and Job crafting show a clear correlation, with the latter influencing volunteer Organizational citizenship behavior. The study highlights the need to take into consideration the Motivation to donate, Job crafting and Organizational citizenship behavior of volunteers, particularly in countries such as Italy, where blood collection is almost exclusively carried out thanks to spontaneous, altruistic, and disinterested commitment.

Current approaches to increase blood donations in resource-limited countries

BACKGROUND

Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) suffer from chronic or seasonal blood shortage. The first review was published in 2007.

METHODS

The review of literature since 2005 presented here uncovered a fairly large number of articles justifying the grouping of blood donation issues into five geographical areas sharing common background. These are Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Muslim countries, India, China/South East Asia and Latin America/Caribbean islands (LA&C).

RESULTS

SSA countries start collecting at 16-18 years of age in schools where female donors can be reached better than in other settings. Community-oriented culture favours family donors who need, similar to volunteer non-remunerated donors (VNRD), to be actively induced to repeat donation. Muslim countries share the contradiction of religion encouraging blood donation but restrain women from donating. The active involvement of religious leaders and the progressive easing of female participation are the keys to increasing blood donation. In India, 'social duty' is a major inducement to blood donation but also benefits and rewards. Ways of involving female donors by reducing the donation age to 16 years and providing donor education in schools need to be considered. In China and East Asia, the option of small-volume donation impairs blood collection without being justified by scientific evidence but is a concession to culture. Reducing the donation age would also help the supply. In LA&C, the concept of 'social capital' was developed as a complement or alternative to the theory of planned behaviour.

CONCLUSIONS

Strategies to improve blood donation and repeat donation should be innovative and adapted to local or regional culture and environment.