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Ozber N, Carr SC, Morris JS, Liang S, Watkins JL, Caldo KM, Hagel JM, Ng KKS, Facchini PJ. Alkaloid binding to opium poppy major latex proteins triggers structural modification and functional aggregation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6768. [PMID: 36351903 PMCID: PMC9646721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Opium poppy accumulates copious amounts of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, noscapine, and papaverine, in the specialized cytoplasm of laticifers, which compose an internal secretory system associated with phloem throughout the plant. The contiguous latex includes an abundance of related proteins belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR)10 family known collectively as major latex proteins (MLPs) and representing at least 35% of the total cellular protein content. Two latex MLP/PR10 proteins, thebaine synthase and neopione isomerase, have recently been shown to catalyze late steps in morphine biosynthesis previously assigned as spontaneous reactions. Using a combination of sucrose density-gradient fractionation-coupled proteomics, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography, we show that the major latex proteins are a family of alkaloid-binding proteins that display altered conformation in the presence of certain ligands. Addition of MLP/PR10 proteins to yeast strains engineered with morphine biosynthetic genes from the plant significantly enhanced the conversion of salutaridine to morphinan alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Ozber
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Samuel C. Carr
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jeremy S. Morris
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Present Address: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 USA
| | - Siyu Liang
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jacinta L. Watkins
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Kristian M. Caldo
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jillian M. Hagel
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Kenneth K. S. Ng
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.267455.70000 0004 1936 9596Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Peter J. Facchini
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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Ozber N, Facchini PJ. Phloem-specific localization of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153641. [PMID: 35240512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Opium poppy is the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, and semi-synthetic derivatives of the natural opiate precursor thebaine, including oxycodone and the opioid antagonist naloxone. The plant also accumulates the vasodilator and antitussive agents papaverine and noscapine, respectively, which together with morphine, codeine and thebaine comprise the major benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) in opium poppy. A majority of enzymes involved in the highly branched BIA metabolism in opium poppy have now been discovered, with many specifically localized to sieve elements of the phloem based on immunofluorescence labeling techniques. Transcripts corresponding to sieve element-localized biosynthetic enzymes were detected in companion cells, as expected. The more recent application of shotgun proteomics has shown that several enzymes operating late in the morphine and noscapine biosynthetic pathways occur primarily in laticifers that are adjacent or proximal to sieve elements. BIA biosynthesis and accumulation in opium poppy involves three phloem cell types and implicates the translocation of key pathway intermediates between sieve elements and laticifers. The recent isolation of uptake transporters associated with laticifers supports an apoplastic rather than a symplastic route for translocation. In spite of the extensive elucidation of BIA biosynthetic enzymes in opium poppy, additional transporters and other auxiliary proteins are clearly necessary to support the complex spatial organization and dynamics involved in product formation and sequestration. In this review, we provide an update of BIA metabolism in opium poppy with a focus on the role of phloem in the biosynthesis of the major alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Ozber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Carr SC, Torres MA, Morris JS, Facchini PJ, Ng KKS. Structural studies of codeinone reductase reveal novel insights into aldo-keto reductase function in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101211. [PMID: 34547292 PMCID: PMC8524200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a class of specialized metabolites with a diverse range of chemical structures and physiological effects. Codeine and morphine are two closely related BIAs with particularly useful analgesic properties. The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) codeinone reductase (COR) catalyzes the final and penultimate steps in the biosynthesis of codeine and morphine, respectively, in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). However, the structural determinants that mediate substrate recognition and catalysis are not well defined. Here, we describe the crystal structure of apo-COR determined to a resolution of 2.4 Å by molecular replacement using chalcone reductase as a search model. Structural comparisons of COR to closely related plant AKRs and more distantly related homologues reveal a novel conformation in the β1α1 loop adjacent to the BIA-binding pocket. The proximity of this loop to several highly conserved active-site residues and the expected location of the nicotinamide ring of the NADP(H) cofactor suggest a model for BIA recognition that implies roles for several key residues. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that substitutions at Met-28 and His-120 of COR lead to changes in AKR activity for the major and minor substrates codeinone and neopinone, respectively. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis of substrate recognition in COR and the closely related 1,2-dehydroreticuline reductase responsible for the second half of a stereochemical inversion that initiates the morphine biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan A Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth K S Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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Gao B, Yang B, Feng X, Li C. Recent advances in the biosynthesis strategies of nitrogen heterocyclic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:139-162. [PMID: 34374396 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2020Nitrogen heterocyclic natural products (NHNPs) are primary or secondary metabolites containing nitrogen heterocyclic (N-heterocyclic) skeletons. Due to the existence of the N-heterocyclic structure, NHNPs exhibit various bioactivities such as anticancer and antibacterial, which makes them widely used in medicines, pesticides, and food additives. However, the low content of these NHNPs in native organisms severely restricts their commercial application. Although a variety of NHNPs have been produced through extraction or chemical synthesis strategies, these methods suffer from several problems. The development of biotechnology provides new options for the production of NHNPs. This review introduces the recent progress of two strategies for the biosynthesis of NHNPs: enzymatic biosynthesis and microbial cell factory. In the enzymatic biosynthesis part, the recent progress in the mining of enzymes that synthesize N-heterocyclic skeletons (e.g., pyrrole, piperidine, diketopiperazine, and isoquinoline), the engineering of tailoring enzymes, and enzyme cascades constructed to synthesize NHNPs are discussed. In the microbial cell factory part, with tropane alkaloids (TAs) and tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids as the representative compounds, the strategies of unraveling unknown natural biosynthesis pathways of NHNPs in plants are summarized, and various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance their production in microbes are introduced. Ultimately, future perspectives for accelerating the biosynthesis of NHNPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. and SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Morris JS, Caldo KMP, Liang S, Facchini PJ. PR10/Bet v1-like Proteins as Novel Contributors to Plant Biochemical Diversity. Chembiochem 2020; 22:264-287. [PMID: 32700448 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins constitute a broad class of plant proteins with analogues found throughout nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. PR proteins were first noted in plants as part of the hypersensitive response, but have since been assigned an array of biological roles. The PR10/Bet v1-like proteins are a subset of PR proteins characterized by an ability to bind a wide range of lipophilic ligands, uniquely positioning them as contributors to specialized biosynthetic pathways. PR10/Bet v1-like proteins participate in the production of plant alkaloids and phenolics including flavonoids, both as general binding proteins and in special cases as catalysts. Owing initially to the perceived allergenic properties of PR10/Bet v1-like proteins, many were studied at the structural level to elucidate the basis for ligand binding. These studies provided a foundation for more recent efforts to understand higher-level structural order and how PR10/Bet v1-like proteins catalyse key reactions in plant pathways. Synthetic biology aimed at reconstituting plant-specialized metabolism in microorganisms uses knowledge of these proteins to fine-tune performance in new systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Siyu Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
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Back to the plant: overcoming roadblocks to the microbial production of pharmaceutically important plant natural products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:815-828. [PMID: 32772209 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation platforms offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to plant cultivation and chemical synthesis for the production of many plant-derived pharmaceuticals. Plant alkaloids, particularly benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and monoterpene indole alkaloids, and recently cannabinoids have become attractive targets for microbial biosynthesis owing to their medicinal importance. Recent advances in the discovery of pathway components, together with the application of synthetic biology tools, have facilitated the assembly of plant alkaloid and cannabinoid pathways in the microbial hosts Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review highlights key aspects of these pathways in the framework of overcoming bottlenecks in microbial production to further improve end-product titers. We discuss the opportunities that emerge from a better understanding of the pathway components by further study of the plant, and strategies for generation of new and advanced medicinal compounds.
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Li X, Krysiak-Baltyn K, Richards L, Jarrold A, Stevens GW, Bowser T, Speight RE, Gras SL. High-Efficiency Biocatalytic Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9339-9347. [PMID: 32363285 PMCID: PMC7191831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An enzymatic biosynthesis approach is described for codeine, the most widely used medicinal opiate, providing a more environmentally sustainable alternative to current chemical conversion, with yields and productivity compatible with industrial production. Escherichia coli strains were engineered to express key enzymes from poppy, including the recently discovered neopinone isomerase, producing codeine from thebaine. We show that compartmentalization of these enzymes in different cells is an effective strategy that allows active spatial and temporal control of reactions, increasing yield and volumetric productivity and reducing byproduct generation. Codeine is produced at a yield of 64% and a volumetric productivity of 0.19 g/(L·h), providing the basis for an industrially applicable aqueous whole-cell biotransformation process. This approach could be used to redirect thebaine-rich feedstocks arising from the U.S. reduction of opioid manufacturing quotas or applied to enable total biosynthesis and may have broader applicability to other medicinal plant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Konrad Krysiak-Baltyn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Luke Richards
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ailsa Jarrold
- Sun
Pharmaceutical Industries Australia Pty Ltd., Princes Highway, Port Fairy, Victoria 3281, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Stevens
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim Bowser
- Impact
Science Consulting, Unit
2/52 Swanston Street, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia
| | - Robert E. Speight
- School
of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Sally L. Gras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The
Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Morris JS, Yu L, Facchini PJ. A single residue determines substrate preference in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid N-methyltransferases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112193. [PMID: 31765874 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N-methylation is a recurring feature in the biosynthesis of many plant specialized metabolites, including alkaloids. A crucial step in the conserved central pathway that provides intermediates for the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) involves conversion of the secondary amine (S)-coclaurine into the tertiary amine (S)-N-methylcoclaurine by coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT). Subsequent enzymatic steps yield the core intermediate (S)-reticuline, from which various branch pathways for the biosynthesis of major BIAs such as morphine, noscapine and sanguinarine diverge. An additional N-methylation yielding quaternary BIAs is catalyzed by reticuline N-methyltransferase (RNMT), such as in the branch pathway leading to the taxonomically widespread and ecologically significant alkaloid magnoflorine. Despite their functional differences, analysis of primary sequence information has been unable to accurately distinguish between CNMT-like and RNMT-like enzymes, necessitating laborious in vitro screening. Furthermore, despite a recent emphasis on structural characterization of BIA NMTs, the features and mechanisms underlying the CNMT-RNMT functional dichotomy were unknown. We report the identification of structural variants tightly correlated with function in known BIA NMTs and show through reciprocal mutagenesis that a single residue acts as a switch between CNMT- and RNMT-like functions. We use yeast in vivo screening to show that this discovery allows for accurate prediction of activity strictly from primary sequence information and, on this basis, improve the annotation of previously reported putative BIA NMTs. Our results highlight the unusually short mutational distance separating ancestral CNMT-like enzymes from more evolutionarily advanced RNMT-like enzymes, and thus help explain the widespread yet sporadic occurrence of quaternary BIAs in plants. While this is the first report of structural variants controlling mono-versus di-methylation activity among plant NMT enzymes, comparison with bacterial MT enzymes also suggests possible convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Morris
- University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lisa Yu
- University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- University of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Selection of the Reference Gene for Expression Normalization in Papaver s omniferum L. under Abiotic Stress and Hormone Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020124. [PMID: 31979407 PMCID: PMC7074096 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaver somniferum L. is an important medical plant that produces analgesic drugs used for the pain caused by cancers and surgeries. Recent studies have focused on the expression genes involved in analgesic drugs biosynthesis, and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique is the main strategy. However, no reference genes have been reported for gene expression normalization in P. somniferum. Herein, nine reference genes (actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin 2 (CYP2), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, cytosolic (GAPC2), nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2 (NCBP2), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), and tubulin beta chain (TUB)) of P. somniferum were selected and analyzed under five different treatments (cold, drought, salt, heavy metal, and hormone stress). Then, BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm, and RefFinder were employed to analyze their gene expression stability. The results reveal that NCBP2 is the most stable reference gene under various experimental conditions. The work described here is the first report regarding on reference gene selection in P. somniferum, which could be used for the accurate normalization of the gene expression involved in analgesic drug biosynthesis.
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Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Li M, Luo J, Chen F, Gong Y, Li Y, Wei Y, Su Y, Kong L. Transcriptomic profiles of 33 opium poppy samples in different tissues, growth phases, and cultivars. Sci Data 2019; 6:66. [PMID: 31110243 PMCID: PMC6527585 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Opium poppy is one of the most important medicinal plants and remains the only commercial resource of morphinan-based painkillers. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) biosynthesis in opium poppy. Herein, the full-length transcriptome dataset of opium poppy was constructed for the first time in accompanied with the 33 samples of Illumina transcriptome data from different tissues, growth phases and cultivars. The long-read sequencing produced 902,140 raw reads with 55,114 high-quality transcripts, and short-read sequencing produced 1,923,679,864 clean reads with an average Q30 rate of 93%. The high-quality transcripts were subsequently quantified using the short reads, and the expression of each unigene among different samples was calculated as reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM). These data provide a foundation for opium poppy transcriptomic analysis, which may aid in capturing splice variants and some non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of BIAs biosynthesis. It can also be used for genome assembly and annotation which will favor in new transcript identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhang
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd., No. 9 Weidi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Chen
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Yongfu Gong
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Yujie Su
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21), No. 234 Xinzhen Road, Huangyang town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, Gansu, 733006, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Dastmalchi M, Chen X, Hagel JM, Chang L, Chen R, Ramasamy S, Yeaman S, Facchini PJ. Neopinone isomerase is involved in codeine and morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:384-390. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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