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Koch E, Leiße A, Veseli B, Jensen J, Spekman M, Merz EM, Shehu E, Thibert JB, Beurel-Trehan A, Leblond M, Oesterer M, Kluge P, Forioso D, Clement M. Incentives for plasma donation. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38714322 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This work provides an overview of the incentives used for plasma donation in Europe and beyond. The overview can provide new ideas to blood establishments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic online search of incentives used and asked national experts to validate the data across all European Union countries as well as other European and non-European countries. We categorized the data into level of incentive (using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' rungs [2011]) and country. RESULTS We analysed more than 490 organizations across 26 countries. Our findings reveal different incentives used in these countries. Snacks and pre-donation health checks are commonly provided. In addition, loyalty programmes, small gifts, vouchers, lotteries, travel compensations and time off from work extend the strategic incentive portfolio. Only seven countries offer financial compensation ranging from the equivalent of 10-35€ for European countries. In countries with a decentralized model, where more than one organization collects plasma, we observe that more diversified incentive strategies are generally used, including monetary and non-monetary incentives. In countries with a centralized model, where only one organization is allowed to collect plasma, financial compensation is usually not offered. Centralized plasma collection without financial compensation relies on a wider range of non-monetary incentives than with financial compensation. CONCLUSION The country group analysis offers valuable insights into the relationship between incentive strategies and the prevailing centralized versus decentralized plasma collection model. This overview provides a broader understanding of incentives used by blood establishments and offers avenues for future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koch
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Leiße
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Besarta Veseli
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Jensen
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marloes Spekman
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edlira Shehu
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibert
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Institute of Law and Political Science, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Beurel-Trehan
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior, Communication, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | | | - Martin Oesterer
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Kluge
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Donata Forioso
- Centro Nazionale Sangue, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michel Clement
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Smid WM, Thijssen-Timmer DC. Safeguarding plasma for fractionation: How can we deal with operational challenges in European Union countries. Vox Sang 2024; 119:128-130. [PMID: 37986695 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Martin Smid
- Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Institute for International Development of Transfusion Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Merz EM. The availability of plasma donors and plasma: A sociologist's perspective. Vox Sang 2024; 119:131-133. [PMID: 38226559 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Philanthropic Studies, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Van Remoortel H, van den Hurk K, Compernolle V, O'Leary P, Tiberghien P, Erikstrup C. Very-high frequency plasmapheresis and donor health-absence of evidence is not equal to evidence of absence. Transfusion 2023; 63:2358-2361. [PMID: 37982361 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Van Remoortel
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Tiberghien
- European Blood Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
- EFS, INSERM, UMR Right, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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