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Nolan MW, Gieger TL. Update in Veterinary Radiation Oncology: Focus on Stereotactic Radiation Therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:559-575. [PMID: 38160099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) involves the precise delivery of highly conformal, dose-intense radiation to well-demarcated tumors. Special equipment and expertise are needed, and a unique biological mechanism distinguishes SRT from other forms of external beam radiotherapy. Families find the convenient schedules and minimal acute toxicity of SRT appealing. Common indications in veterinary oncology include nasal, brain, and bone tumors. Many other solid tumors can also be treated, including spinal, oral, lung, heart-base, liver, adrenal, and prostatic malignancies. Accessibility of SRT is improving, and new data are constantly emerging to define parameters for appropriate case selection, radiation dose prescription, and long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Tracy L Gieger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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2
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Cooper-Khan RS, Frankovich AN, Thompson CA, Thomovsky SA, Lewis MJ. Clinical Findings and Outcome in 30 Dogs with Presumptive or Confirmed Nerve Sheath Tumors. Vet Sci 2024; 11:192. [PMID: 38787164 PMCID: PMC11125868 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) are well-recognized primary nervous system tumors, but there is relatively limited information in dogs including comparison of NSTs in different anatomical locations. This retrospective study describes the clinical features and outcomes in a group of dogs with NSTs affecting the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. Thirty dogs were included, 25 with a presumptive diagnosis and five confirmed by histopathologic analysis. Seven dogs also had cytology of tumor samples, which were supportive of the NST diagnosis in four. Eight dogs had cranial nerve-associated NSTs, with six involving the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-two dogs had spinal nerve-associated NSTs including 13 invading the spinal canal and nine peripheral to the spinal canal, with the majority affecting nerves or nerve roots of the brachial plexus. The prognosis was poor, with dogs being euthanized eventually because of disease progression. Among dogs alive 1 week after diagnosis, the median survival time was 4 months but ranged from 2 weeks to >2 years. While there was a broad overlap between NST locations, survival was generally longer for dogs without spinal canal or intracranial involvement. The results expand available information on NSTs in dogs but should be interpreted with caution given the small number of dogs with a definitive diagnosis. Further investigation is warranted to determine how tumor location, invasiveness, and treatments pursued impact outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Cooper-Khan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Alexandra N. Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Craig A. Thompson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (A.N.F.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Stephanie A. Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.S.C.-K.); (S.A.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Stokes R, Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Hinson W, Wiener DJ, Hollenbeck D, Bertran J, Mickelson M, Chen CL, Selmic L, Aly A, Hayes G. Surgical and oncologic outcomes in dogs with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:739-747. [PMID: 37727977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) of a plexus nerve or nerve root cause significant morbidity and present a treatment challenge. The surgical approach can be complex and information is lacking on outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe surgical complication rates and oncologic outcomes for canine MPNST of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Dogs treated for a naïve MPNST with amputation/hemipelvectomy with or without a laminectomy were retrospectively analysed. Oncologic outcomes were disease free interval (DFI), overall survival (OS), and 1- and 2-year survival rates. Thirty dogs were included. The surgery performed was amputation alone in 17 cases (57%), and amputation/hemipelvectomy with laminectomy in 13 cases (43%). Four dogs (13%) had an intraoperative complication, while 11 dogs (37%) had postoperative complications. Histologic margins were reported as R0 in 12 dogs (40%), R1 in 12 dogs (40%), and R2 in five dogs (17%). No association was found between histologic grade and margin nor extent of surgical approach and margin. Thirteen dogs (46%) had recurrence. The median DFI was 511 days (95% CI: 140-882 days). The median disease specific OST was 570 days (95% CI: 467-673 days) with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 82% and 22% respectively. No variables were significantly associated with recurrence, DFI, or disease specific OST. These data show surgical treatment of plexus MPNST was associated with a high intra- and postoperative complication rate but relatively good disease outcomes. This information can guide clinicians in surgical risk management and owner communication regarding realistic outcomes and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stokes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Whitney Hinson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Hollenbeck
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Judith Bertran
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Mickelson
- Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Carolyn L Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ali Aly
- Departmet of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Galina Hayes
- Departmet of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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4
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Wilson A, Ricci E, Talbot A, Malalana F. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma causes trigeminal nerve dysfunction in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amie Wilson
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Emanuele Ricci
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Alison Talbot
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Fernando Malalana
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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5
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Hidari K, Nakamoto Y, Sakurai K, Sakurai Y, Nibe K, Nakamoto M. Case report: Presumptive subcutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with intracranial invasion and osteolysis in the posterior fossa of a dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:977099. [PMID: 36425125 PMCID: PMC9679371 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.977099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13-year-old castrated male Toy Poodle presented with an acute vestibular disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a large oval space-occupying mass with skull destruction located from the subcutaneous tissue to the posterior fossa region. Histopathologically, the mass was a bundled growth of spindle-shaped mesenchymal tumor cells between the myofibrillar and collagen bundles. The cells were moderately irregular in size and had eosinophilic stained cytoplasm. The cells were highly atypical and had rare mitotic figures. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for S100, GFAP, Olig-2, SOX10 and immunonegative for NF, E-cadherin, and Claudin-1. Collective findings were presumptive with a diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuya Nakamoto
| | | | | | - Kazumi Nibe
- FUJIFUILM VET Systems Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Biserni R, Bibbiani L, Mandara MT, Balducci F, Amey J, Bernardini M. Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Hypoglossal Nerve in a Maltese Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:137-140. [PMID: 35576396 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 4 yr old male Maltese dog presented with a 1 wk history of intermittent neck pain and progressive difficulty walking. Neurologic evaluation was consistent with a left-sided brainstem lesion. On oral examination, left lingual hemiatrophy was evident suggesting hypoglossal nerve involvement. A dumbbell-shaped extra-axial mass in the left side of the caudal fossa extending extracranially through the hypoglossal canal was detected by MRI. At postmortem histologic examination, the hypoglossal nerve was diffusely infiltrated by fusiform neoplastic cells arranged in Antoni A and Antoni B patterns. This is the first description of a malignant nerve sheath tumor selectively involving the hypoglossal nerve in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Biserni
- From AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy (R.B., L.B., F.B., J.A., M.B.)
| | - Leonardo Bibbiani
- From AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy (R.B., L.B., F.B., J.A., M.B.)
| | | | - Federica Balducci
- From AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy (R.B., L.B., F.B., J.A., M.B.)
| | - Jack Amey
- From AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy (R.B., L.B., F.B., J.A., M.B.)
| | - Marco Bernardini
- From AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy (R.B., L.B., F.B., J.A., M.B.).,From Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy (M.B.)
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Zajc AL, Warwick H, Rosa C, Grant J, Marrington M. Bilateral trigeminal neuropathy associated with multicentric lymphoma in two dogs: Clinical presentation, MRI findings and flow cytometry characteristics. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Warwick
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
| | - Chantal Rosa
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
| | - Jessica Grant
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists Sutton Weaver Runcorn UK
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8
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Indzhova V, Pumarola i Batlle M, Gomes BJ, Gosling M, Brocal J. Maxillary osteolysis as a result of trigeminal nerve sheath tumour in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Indzhova
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
- Willows Veterinary Centre Sollihull UK
| | - Marti Pumarola i Batlle
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Mark Gosling
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
| | - Josep Brocal
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital Stockton‐on‐Tees UK
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Winchester UK
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9
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Cranial Mandibular Fibrosis Syndrome in Adult Farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050542. [PMID: 33946332 PMCID: PMC8145062 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual condition affecting market size rainbow trout was investigated. This condition was prevalent for several years at low levels but affected a large proportion of stock during 2018 and 2019. Chronic fibrosis affecting cranial tissues and the jaw was observed in samples collected in 2018. A larger sampling was then conducted in 2019 to investigate the presence of an infectious agent(s). An extensive inflammatory response in the mandibular region was the main finding, however infectious agents in the lesions were not identified through classical virology and bacteriology analysis. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection, calcinosis, and a Gram-positive bacterial infection of a single fish cardiac tissue was observed, however, a correlation of these pathologies and the cranial mandibular fibrosis (CMF) syndrome was not established. The gene expression of a panel of 16 immune-related genes was studied. Among these, tgf-b, sIgM, il11, hspa, and the antimicrobial peptides lys and cath1 were up-regulated in jaw sections of CMF-affected fish, showing a strong positive correlation with the severity of the lesions. Idiopathic chronic fibrosis with the activation of the Tfg-B pathway and local hyper-immunoglobulaemia was therefore diagnosed. Initiating factors and causative agent(s) (biotic or abiotic) of CMF remain, at present, unclear.
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Lanigan LG, Russell DS, Woolard KD, Pardo ID, Godfrey V, Jortner BS, Butt MT, Bolon B. Comparative Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:10-33. [PMID: 33016246 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820959231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) relays messages between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the body. Despite this critical role and widespread distribution, the PNS is often overlooked when investigating disease in diagnostic and experimental pathology. This review highlights key features of neuroanatomy and physiology of the somatic and autonomic PNS, and appropriate PNS sampling and processing techniques. The review considers major classes of PNS lesions including neuronopathy, axonopathy, and myelinopathy, and major categories of PNS disease including toxic, metabolic, and paraneoplastic neuropathies; infectious and inflammatory diseases; and neoplasms. This review describes a broad range of common PNS lesions and their diagnostic criteria and provides many useful references for pathologists who perform PNS evaluations as a regular or occasional task in their comparative pathology practice.
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Green M, Pumarola M, Targett M, vanLelyveld S, Lowrie M. Malignant trigeminal nerve Schwannoma diagnosed via biopsy of the infraorbital nerve in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mike Targett
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
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Musso C, Le Boedec K, Gomes E, Cauzinille L. Diagnostic Values of Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Findings in Presumptive Trigeminal Neuropathy: 49 Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:106-113. [PMID: 31961212 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to describe the different etiologies of trigeminal neuropathy based on clinical and MRI findings and to evaluate the significance of associated concomitant disorders. MRI studies of 49 dogs with trigeminal neuropathy were blindly reviewed and were classified into the following three groups: neoplasia, neuritis, or idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy (ITN). Thirty-one percent were suspected to have neoplasia (all unilateral), 16% to have neuritis (1 bilateral and 7 unilateral), and 53% to have ITN (4 unilateral and 22 bilateral). Dogs with clinical bilateral trigeminal dysfunction were most likely to have a diagnosis of ITN (predicted probability 95.7%). Unilateral clinical signs were significantly associated with neoplasia or neuritis compared with ITN (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). Even with marked brainstem neoplastic involvement, central neurological deficits may be absent. Sensory impairment was significantly associated with either neoplasia or neuritis compared with ITN (P = .007 and P = .03, respectively). Ipsilateral noninfectious middle ear effusion was only seen in dogs with neoplasia (33%). Horner's syndrome was present in 12% of all dogs (2 dogs in each group). Dogs with neoplasia were significantly older than dogs with neuritis (P = .02) and ITN (P = .002). JAAHA-MS-6997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Musso
- From Veterinary Hospital Center Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | | | - Eymeric Gomes
- From Veterinary Hospital Center Frégis, Arcueil, France
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Boland L, Setyo L, Sangster C, Brunel L, Foo T, Bennett P. Colonic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919849979. [PMID: 31236282 PMCID: PMC6572897 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919849979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 14-year-old male neutered domestic mediumhair cat presented with a 4 month
history of inappetence and weight loss. Pertinent abnormalities on
haematology and biochemistry included a mild microcytic regenerative anaemia
(packed cell volume [PCV] 24% [reference interval (RI) 30–45%], mean cell
volume 30.8 fl [RI 40–45 fl], absolute reticulocyte count 326.8 ×
1012) and increased alkaline phosphatase activity (76 IU/l;
RI <50 IU/l). Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan revealed masses in the
transverse colon (2.0 cm × 1.2 cm) and right medial liver lobe (5.0 cm
diameter). Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Right medial liver lobe
resection and colectomy were performed. Immunohistochemistry was positive
for S-100 protein, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, very weakly
positive for c-kit and negative for muscle-specific actin and CD18,
consistent with a colonic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)
with a hepatic metastasis. Postoperative treatment with metronomic
cyclophosphamide was well tolerated. Eighteen months postoperatively the cat
re-presented after 3 days of progressive lethargy and inappetence.
Haematology revealed a marked non- or pre-regenerative anaemia (PCV 10%).
Coagulation times were prolonged (prothrombin time 39 s [RI 15–22 s] and
activated partial thromboplastin time >300 s [RI 65–119 s]). Abdominal
ultrasound identified multiple renal and hepatic nodules. Euthanasia was
performed and post-mortem examination confirmed metastasis of the MPNST. Relevance and novel information This report describes the treatment of a metastatic colonic peripheral nerve
sheath tumour in a cat. Feline visceral MPNSTs are rare and little is known
about prognosis or optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Boland
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Setyo
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Sangster
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurencie Brunel
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Foo
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Bennett
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Poli F, Calistri M, Mandara MT, Baroni M. Central nervous system metastasis of an intradural malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a dog. Open Vet J 2019; 9:49-53. [PMID: 31086766 PMCID: PMC6500854 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-yr-old French Bulldog was presented with a non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance showed an intradurally located mass at the level of the right second cervical nerve root. The mass was surgically removed and the dog was ambulatory within 4 d. A 10-mo post-surgical imaging follow-up revealed a recurrence of the primary mass and another intradural/intramedullary mass at the level of the first thoracic vertebral body. Overall histological features were suggestive of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) for both masses. Immunohistochemistry was found weak but diffusely positive for S-100 and neurono-specific enolase for both masses. A diagnosis of primary MPNST for the cervical mass and of metastasis for the thoracic mass was made, possibly disseminated via the subarachnoidal space. To our knowledge, the central nervous system metastasis of MPNSTs has not previously been reported in dogs. The clinician should be aware that these tumors, albeit rarely, can metastasize to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Poli
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - Maurizio Calistri
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mandara
- University of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via San Costanzo, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
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15
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Milodowski EJ, Amengual‐Batle P, Beltran E, Gutierrez‐Quintana R, De Decker S. Clinical findings and outcome of dogs with unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:735-742. [PMID: 30556930 PMCID: PMC6430959 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the spectrum of underlying disorders in dogs with unilateral masticatory muscle (MM) atrophy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome of dogs with unilateral MM atrophy. ANIMALS Sixty-three client-owned dogs. METHODS The medical database was retrospectively reviewed for dogs that underwent MRI for evaluation of unilateral MM atrophy. Imaging studies were reviewed and follow-up information was obtained from telephone interviews. RESULTS Presumptive trigeminal nerve sheath tumor (pTNST) was diagnosed in 30 dogs (47.6%); survival time varied from 1 day to 21 months (median, 5 months). Other extra-axial mass lesions were observed in 13 dogs (20.6%); survival time varied from 6 days to 25 months (median, 2.5 months). In 18 dogs (28.6%), no abnormalities were observed on MRI; neurological signs only progressed in 1 dog. Diagnosis had a significant influence on the type of neurological abnormalities, with additional neurological deficits observed in most dogs with pTNST and in all dogs with other extra-axial mass lesions. Diagnosis had a significant effect on euthanasia at the time of diagnosis and likelihood of neurological deterioration. Dogs with mass lesions were more likely to be euthanized or experience neurological deterioration, whereas these outcomes occurred less often in dogs in which no causative lesion could be identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Trigeminal nerve sheath tumors should not be considered the only cause of unilateral MM atrophy. Our results illustrate the importance of performing a neurological examination and MRI when evaluating dogs with unilateral MM atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jayne Milodowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonHatfieldEnglandUnited Kingdom
| | - Pablo Amengual‐Batle
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Elsa Beltran
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonHatfieldEnglandUnited Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonHatfieldEnglandUnited Kingdom
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Hansen KS, Zwingenberger AL, Théon AP, Kent MS. Long-term survival with stereotactic radiotherapy for imaging-diagnosed pituitary tumors in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 60:219-232. [PMID: 30575174 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Published studies on the use of stereotactic radiotherapy for dogs with pituitary tumors are limited. This retrospective observational study describes results of stereotactic radiotherapy for 45 dogs with imaging-diagnosed pituitary tumors. All dogs were treated at a single hospital during the period of December 2009-2015. The stereotactic radiotherapy was delivered in one 15 Gray (Gy) fraction or in three 8 Gy fractions. At the time of analysis, 41 dogs were deceased. Four were alive and censored from all survival analyses; one dog received 8 Gy every other day and was removed from protocol analyses. The median overall survival from first treatment was 311 days (95% confidence interval 226-410 days [range 1-2134 days]). Thirty-two dogs received 15 Gy (median overall survival 311 days; 95% confidence interval [range 221-427 days]), and 12 received 24 Gy on three consecutive days (median overall survival 245 days, 95% confidence interval [range 2-626 days]). Twenty-nine dogs had hyperadrenocorticism (median overall survival 245 days), while 16 had nonfunctional masses (median overall survival 626 days). Clinical improvement was reported in 37/45 cases. Presumptive signs of acute adverse effects within 4 months of stereotactic radiotherapy were noted in 10/45, and most had improvement spontaneously or with steroids. Late effects versus tumor progression were not discernable, but posttreatment blindness (2), hypernatremia (2), and progressive neurological signs (31) were reported. There was no statistical difference in median overall survival for different protocols. Patients with nonfunctional masses had longer median overall survival than those with hyperadrenocorticism (P = 0.0003). Survival outcomes with stereotactic radiotherapy were shorter than those previously reported with definitive radiation, especially for dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Hansen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Allison L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Alain P Théon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
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17
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Lourinho F, Trevail R, Craig A, Carrera I. Presumptive malignant nerve sheath tumour affecting the cauda equina and caudal nerves of a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Craig
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists LLPRingwoodUK
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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18
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Wormhoudt TL, Boss MK, Lunn K, Griffin L, Leary D, Dowers K, Rao S, LaRue SM. Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituitary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1383-1391. [PMID: 29782043 PMCID: PMC6060317 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be partially effective for management of pituitary tumors in cats that cause acromegaly and diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) as a treatment for acromegalic cats has not been described. Hypothesis Stereotactic radiation therapy is an effective and safe treatment for controlling acromegaly associated with pituitary adenomas in cats. Additionally, SRT‐treated acromegalic cats with DM will experience a decrease in insulin requirements after radiation therapy. Animals Fifty‐three client‐owned cats referred to Colorado State University for SRT to treat pituitary tumors causing poorly controlled DM secondary to acromegaly. Methods Retrospective study of cats treated for acromegaly with SRT between 2008 and 2016 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of acromegaly was based on history, physical examination, laboratory results, and cross‐sectional imaging of the pituitary. Signalment, radiation protocol, insulin requirements over time, adverse effects, and survival were recorded. Results Median survival time was 1072 days. Of the 41 cats for which insulin dosage information was available, 95% (39/41) experienced a decrease in required insulin dose, with 32% (13/41) achieving diabetic remission. Remission was permanent in 62% (8/13) and temporary in 38% (5/13) cats. Median duration to lowest insulin dose was 9.5 months. Of the treated cats, 14% developed hypothyroidism and required supplementation after SRT. Conclusions Stereotactic radiation therapy is safe and effective for treating cats with acromegaly. Cats treated with SRT have improved survival time and control of their DM when compared to previously reported patients treated with non‐SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Wormhoudt
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Katharine Lunn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Del Leary
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kristy Dowers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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