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Aguado-Aranda P, Ricarte A, Nedeljković Z, Hauser M, Kelso S, Sainz-Escudero L, Skevington JH, Marcos-García MÁ. Unveiling the Mainland vs. Insular Variability of the Eumerus barbarus Species Group (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Western Mediterranean Basin. INSECTS 2024; 15:239. [PMID: 38667369 PMCID: PMC11050054 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Comprising nearly 300 described species, Eumerus Meigen, 1822, is one of the most speciose syrphid genera worldwide, and its taxonomic diversity is remarkable in the Mediterranean basin. The Eumerus barbarus (Coquebert, 1804) group consists of four species in the western Mediterranean. Although the phenotypic variability of this species group has been commented on in previous studies, it has never been contrasted with molecular data. In the present work, the morphological variation found in 300+ specimens of this species group from the western Mediterranean is explored and tested against the COI mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The highest phenotypic disparity was found in E. barbarus and Eumerus sulcitibius Rondani 1868. The integrative approach has not revealed cryptic diversity within the species E. barbarus but in E. sulcitibius. As a result, a new species close to E. sulcitibius was discovered, Eumerus sardus Aguado-Aranda, Ricarte & Hauser sp. n., from Sardinia, Italy. The new insular species is here described, illustrated, and discussed. A total of twenty-three haplotypes of COI mtDNA were identified amongst the analyzed Mediterranean specimens of E. barbarus, whereas two and five haplotypes were distinguished in the Iberian specimens of E. sulcitibius and Eumerus gibbosus van Steenis, Hauser & van Zuijen, 2017, respectively. Moreover, the first known barcodes of E. gibbosus and Eumerus schmideggeri van Steenis, Hauser & van Zuijen, 2017 were obtained, and the distribution ranges of all species are mapped. An updated dichotomous key to the males of the E. barbarus group from the western Mediterranean is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aguado-Aranda
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (A.R.); (Z.N.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio Ricarte
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (A.R.); (Z.N.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
| | - Zorica Nedeljković
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (A.R.); (Z.N.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
| | - Martin Hauser
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Centre California, Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA;
| | - Scott Kelso
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (S.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Lucía Sainz-Escudero
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN, CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jeffrey H. Skevington
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (S.K.); (J.H.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Marcos-García
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (A.R.); (Z.N.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
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Vujić A, Kočiš Tubić N, Radenković S, Ačanski J, Likov L, Arok M, Gorše I, Djan M. The Extraordinary Diversity of Merodon avidus Complex (Diptera: Syrphidae)-Adding New Areas, New Species and a New Molecular Marker. INSECTS 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38392524 PMCID: PMC10888622 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the Merodon avidus (Diptera, Syrphidae) species complex was revised, whereupon we discovered and described four new species for science: Merodon atroavidus Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. nov., M. magnus Vujić, Kočiš Tubić et Ačanski sp. nov., M. nigroscutum Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. nov. and M. pseudomoenium Vujić, Kočiš Tubić et Ačanski sp. nov. An integrative taxonomy approach was used to delimit species boundaries. Two molecular markers (the mitochondrial COI gene and nuclear 28S rRNA gene-newly analysed marker for the complex) and geometric morphometry of the wing shape, together with morphological data and distribution, successfully separated all species from the complex. The morphological variability of the analysed species is described and discussed and an illustrated diagnostic key for typical morpho-forms of species from the M. avidus complex is presented. A distribution map of all investigated species from the complex is provided. The level of endemicity of the M. avidus complex was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Ðinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Laura Likov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Arok
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Ðinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Iva Gorše
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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High Phenotypic Diversity Does Not Always Hide Taxonomic Diversity: A Study Case with Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8378483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comprising nearly 500 species worldwide, Cheilosia Meigen is the largest genus of Syrphidae in the Palaearctic region. Within Cheilosia, phenotypic diversity has been assessed in different species groups, including the group of Cheilosia longula (Zetterstedt, 1838). However, the phenotypic variability of Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843), a highly variable member of the C. longula group, has never been assessed in western Europe. In the present work, morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to assess the phenotypic variability found in 300+ specimens of C. soror from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 16 variable characters were identified and defined for the C. soror morphology, with the highest variation found in the colour of the mesonotum pilosity and the metatibia colour. Morphological variation was assessed against molecular variation based on two molecular markers, one mitochondrial, the 5
end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5
), and one nuclear, the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S). Phylogenetic analyses rendered trees with topologies in disagreement with the defined morphological variation. Two haplotypes were identified amongst the analysed specimens of C. soror, together with a haplotypic variant exclusive to the Iberian region. Potential distributions were used to identify unexplored areas of occurrence of C. soror and other species of the C. longula group in the Iberian Peninsula. Unassessed areas of occurrence of C. soror should be surveyed in the future to confirm the absence of hidden taxonomic diversity within the range of phenotypic variation for this species. Phenotypic variation of the other two Iberian species of the C. longula group, C. longula and C. scutellata (Fallén, 1817), was also assessed to find that they are species with less-variable morphology than C. soror and with molecular characters in accordance with other conspecific populations in Europe. New distributional data are provided for C. soror and C. scutellata from Spain, and a leg abnormality is identified for the first time in C. soror.
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Ricarte A, Nedeljković Z, Aguado-Aranda P, Marcos-García MÁ. Assessing the Diversity and Systematics of Brachyopini Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula, Including the Descriptions of Two New Species. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070648. [PMID: 35886824 PMCID: PMC9319642 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hoverflies are a diverse family of insects (6000+ species) providing multiple ecosystem services and direct benefits to society, for example, in pollination and pest control. The extent to which hoverflies can benefit society depends on how well their basics are known, i.e., taxonomy (classification), biology and ecology. Small and inconspicuous hoverflies such as those of the genera Chrysogaster, Melanogaster, Lejogaster, Orthonevra and Riponnensia (tribe Brachyopini) do not usually catch the attention of the general public neither of scientists, and their classification is often poorly known at least in areas of their range. So, the aim of the present work is to gain knowledge in the classification of hoverflies by studying the species of the five genera above-mentioned in the Iberian Peninsula, which has one of the highest biodiversity levels in Europe. We discovered and described two new species from Spain, promoted a subspecies to species and proposed other nomenclatural acts to stabilise these hoverflies’ classification in Europe. Our results are reinforced with DNA analysis to locate the studied species in a wider systematic framework within the Brachyopini. Abstract Five genera of Brachyopini, Chrysogaster Meigen, 1800, Melanogaster Rondani, 1857, Lejogaster Rondani, 1857, Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 and Riponnensia Maibach et al. 1994a are here revised from the Iberian region. Two new species, Melanogaster baetica Ricarte and Nedeljković, sp. n. and Orthonevra arcana Ricarte and Nedeljković sp. n., are described from Spain, and a third species, Chrysogaster coerulea Strobl in Czerny and Strobl, 1909 stat. n., is reinstated as valid and redescribed. A lectotype is designated for Orthonevra plumbago (Loew, 1840). The holotype of Orthonevra incisa (Loew, 1843) and the lectotype of O. plumbago are described in detail and illustrated. Melanogaster baetica sp. n. is similar to Melanogaster parumplicata (Loew, 1840) in male genitalia morphology, while O. arcana sp. n. is similar to O. incisa in the entirely-pollinose sternum I and the conspicuous incision on the posterior margin of tergum V in female. The first Iberian record of Chrysogaster rondanii Maibach and Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1995 is provided, whilst Melanogaster aerosa is removed from the Iberian checklist of Syrphidae. Identification keys are presented to the five Brachyopini genera and 18 species now reported from the Iberian Peninsula (Chrysogaster, 6 spp.; Lejogaster, 2 spp.; Melanogaster, 3 spp.; Orthonevra, 5 spp.; Riponnensia, 2 spp.). COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) barcodes of the two new species plus C. coerulea, Chrysogaster solstitialis (Fallén, 1817), Orthonevra nobilis (Fallén, 1817) and Orthonevra frontalis (Loew, 1843) were successfully obtained from Spanish specimens. A COI-based tree was produced to locate these taxa in a wider systematic framework within the tribe.
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Gouvêa J, Gil-Azevedo LH. Geometric morphometrics as a tool to understand biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in crane fly genus Ischnotoma Skuse (Diptera, Tipulidae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13123. [PMID: 35317074 PMCID: PMC8934531 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The geometric morphometric analysis is applied for the first time for the family Tipulidae to distinguish evolutionary and biogeographical patterns on Ischnotoma species from Neotropical and Australian regions. We included 45 recognized species of the genus, representing its three subgenera I. (Icriomastax), I. (Ischnotoma), and I. (Neotipula). This paper aims to test if the three subgenera are recoverable using this set of morphometric data. Methods Twenty-two landmarks were selected on the wing, mostly located on the radial and medial veins. A Regression Analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a Shape Coordinates PCA and a Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were used to test the variations among individuals, wing shape and groups. Results For all analyses, the species of Ischnotoma (Neotipula) has a strong dissociation from the remaining species and the CVA shows a complete separation of the three subgenera. This study represents the first insight for a new assessment of Ischnotoma and the first step to giving a possible new status for I. (Neotipula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Gouvêa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo H. Gil-Azevedo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ačanski J, Vujić A, Zorić LŠ, Radenković S, Djan M, Ristić ZM, Ståhls G. Merodon chalybeus Subgroup: An Additional Piece of the M. aureus Group (Diptera, Syrphidae) Puzzle. ANN ZOOL FENN 2022. [DOI: 10.5735/086.059.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zlata Markov Ristić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ricarte A, Nedeljković Z, Marcos-García MÁ. An exploratory survey and assessment of the hoverfly diversity (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Pyrenees of Girona, Spain. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen M, Peng K, Su C, Wang Y, Hao J. The complete mitochondrial genome of Syrphus ribesii (Diptera: Syrphoidea: Syrphidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:519-521. [PMID: 33628911 PMCID: PMC7889120 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1872446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Syrphus ribesii was determined in this study. The double-stranded circular DNA molecule was 16,530 bp in length, containing 37 typical genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. Thirteen PCGs were 11,196 bp in size, encoding 3720 amino acids in total. All the PCGs started with ATN, except the COI used TTG as its initiation codon. Most PCGs terminated with standard codon TAA, while the COI ended with T and the ND5 ended with TA. The lrRNA and srRNA genes were 1341 bp and 793 bp in length, respectively. The A + T-rich region harbored some typical structures characteristic of the dipterans. The phylogenetic tree showed that Syrphus ribesii was closely related to Eupeodes corollae, and the Syrphidae and Pipunculidae constituted a monophyletic group within the Syrphoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Ke Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, P. R. China
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Integrative taxonomy confirms two new West-Palaearctic species allied with Chrysotoxum vernale Loew, 1841 (Diptera: Syrphidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lorenzo D, Ricarte A, Nedeljković Z, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Marcos-García MÁ. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of El Ventorrillo Biological Station, Madrid province, Spain: a perspective from a late twentieth century inventory. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lorenzo
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Ricarte
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zorica Nedeljković
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Luis Nieves-Aldrey
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (C.S.I.C.). J. Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Marcos-García
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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The Merodon planifacies subgroup (Diptera, Syrphidae): Congruence of molecular and morphometric evidences reveal new taxa in Drakensberg mountains valleys (Republic of South Africa). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ståhls G, Meier R, Sandrock C, Hauser M, Šašić Zorić L, Laiho E, Aracil A, Doderović J, Badenhorst R, Unadirekkul P, Mohd Adom NAB, Wein L, Richards C, Tomberlin JK, Rojo S, Veselić S, Parviainen T. The puzzling mitochondrial phylogeography of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), the commercially most important insect protein species. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:60. [PMID: 32448128 PMCID: PMC7247124 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Hermetia illucens) is renowned for its bioconversion ability of organic matter, and is the worldwide most widely used source of insect protein. Despite varying extensively in morphology, it is widely assumed that all black soldier flies belong to the same species, Hermetia illucens. We here screened about 600 field-collected and cultured flies from 39 countries and six biogeographic regions to test this assumption based on data for three genes (mitochondrial COI, nuclear ITS2 & 28S rDNA) and in order to gain insights into the phylogeography of the species. RESULTS Our study reveals a surprisingly high level of intraspecific genetic diversity for the mitochondrial barcoding gene COI (divergences up to 4.9%). This level of variability is often associated with the presence of multiple species, but tested nuclear markers (ITS2 and 28S rDNA) were invariant and fly strain hybridization experiments under laboratory conditions revealed reproductive compatibility. COI haplotype diversity is not only very high in all biogeographic regions (56 distinct haplotypes in total), but also in breeding facilities and research centers from six continents (10 haplotypes: divergences up to 4.3%). The high genetic diversity in fly-breeding facilities is mostly likely due to many independent acquisitions of cultures via sharing and/or establishing new colonies from field-collected flies. However, explaining some of the observed diversity in several biogeographic regions is difficult given that the origin of the species is considered to be New World (32 distinct haplotypes) and one would expect severely reduced genetic diversity in the putatively non-native populations in the remaining biogeographic regions. However, distinct, private haplotypes are known from the Australasian (N = 1), Oriental (N = 4), and the Eastern Palearctic (N = 4) populations. We reviewed museum specimen records and conclude that the evidence for introductions is strong for the Western Palearctic and Afrotropical regions which lack distinct, private haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this paper, we urge the black soldier fly community to apply molecular characterization (genotyping) of the fly strains used in artificial fly-breeding and share these data in research publications as well as when sharing cultures. In addition, fast-evolving nuclear markers should be used to reconstruct the recent invasion history of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Ståhls
- Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, Zoology unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 14 Science Dr 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Christoph Sandrock
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hauser
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832-1448, USA
| | | | - Elina Laiho
- Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, Zoology unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Aracil
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jovana Doderović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 2100, Serbia
| | | | - Phira Unadirekkul
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 14 Science Dr 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Nur Arina Binte Mohd Adom
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 14 Science Dr 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Leo Wein
- Protenga, 302 Ang Mo Kio Ave 3, #01-1840 560302, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sanja Veselić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 2100, Serbia
| | - Tuure Parviainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, TT2 Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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Vujić A, Šašić Zorić L, Ačanski J, Likov L, Radenković S, Djan M, Milić D, Šebić A, Ranković M, Khaghaninia S. Hide-and-seek with hoverflies: Merodon aureus – a species, a complex or a subgroup? Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to disentangle the currently confused interpretations and nomenclature of Merodon aureus and M. aeneus, we have reviewed all existing type material and species names known to us as assigned synonyms of these taxa. We resolve M. aeneus as being a junior synonym of M. aureus. We designate a lectotype for M. aureus and a neotype for M. aeneus. Additionally, we provide evidence that M. aureus, together with two newly discovered taxa (M. calidus sp. nov. and M. ortus sp. nov.), represent a complex of cryptic species named the M. aureus species complex. This complex, together with the M. unicolor species complex and the species M. pumilus, is part of the M. aureus subgroup. The M. unicolor species complex comprises two cryptic species: M. unicolor and M. albidus sp. nov. The new species are described by applying an integrative taxonomic approach using several data types (COI and 28S rRNA genes, geometric morphometry of the wings, ecological and distributional data). Based on the COI gene sequence analysis and distributional data, the pupa previously described as an immature stage of the species M. aureus is redefined as an immature stage of the new species M. calidus. Speciation within the M. aureus subgroup is discussed in the context of the phylogeographic history in the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Laura Likov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Radenković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Milić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anja Šebić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Ranković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Samad Khaghaninia
- University of Tabriz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Vujić A, Likov L, Radenković S, Tubić NK, Djan M, Šebić A, Pérez-Bañón C, Barkalov A, Hayat R, Rojo S, Andrić A, Ståhls G. Revision of the Merodon serrulatus group (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys 2020; 909:79-158. [PMID: 32089636 PMCID: PMC7015954 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.909.46838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytophagous hoverfly genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae), which comprises more than 160 species distributed in Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions, can be differentiated into multiple groups of species that harbor high levels of hidden diversity. In this work, the serrulatus species group of Merodon is revised, providing an illustrated key to species, a detailed discussion on the taxonomic characters and a morphological diagnosis, including also the first data about the preimaginal morphology of this species group. The study includes characteristics of the 13 species of the M. serrulatus group, along with the available distributional data. Moreover, descriptions are provided for seven new species, namely M. defectus Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., M. disjunctus Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., M. medium Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., M. nigrocapillatus Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., M. nigropunctum Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., M. opacus Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov., and M. trianguloculus Vujić, Likov & Radenković sp. nov. In addition, the taxa M. serrulatus (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822), M. bequaerti Hurkmans, 1993, M. hirsutus Sack, 1913, M. kawamurae Matsumura, 1916, M. sacki (Paramonov, 1936) and M. sophron Hurkmans, 1993 are redefined and redescribed. Following a detailed study of the type material sourced from different entomological collections, the status of all available taxa related to M. serrulatus is revised and a new synonymy is proposed: M. tener Sack, 1913 syn. nov. (junior synonym of M. serrulatus). The identity of M. trizonus (Szilády, 1940) could not be assessed as the type specimens are lost. Thus, the name M. trizonus is considered as nomen dubium. The monophyly and composition of this species group are assessed through Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood analyses of the mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Laura Likov
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Radenković
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anja Šebić
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Celeste Pérez-Bañón
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences III, Campus of San Vicente, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Anatolij Barkalov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Rüstem Hayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences III, Campus of San Vicente, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrijana Andrić
- University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Kočiš Tubić N, Ståhls G, Ačanski J, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Hayat R, Khaghaninia S, Vujić A, Radenković S. An integrative approach in the assessment of species delimitation and structure of the Merodon nanus species group (Diptera: Syrphidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Radenković S, Šašić Zorić L, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Ačanski J, Ståhls G, Veličković N, Markov Z, Petanidou T, Kočiš Tubić N, Vujić A. Cryptic speciation in theMerodon luteomaculatuscomplex (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the eastern Mediterranean. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidaković
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit; Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Nevena Veličković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zlata Markov
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology; Department of Geography; University of the Aegean; Mytilene Greece
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
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17
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Li X, Ding S, Li X, Hou P, Tang C, Yang D. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:654-655. [PMID: 33490470 PMCID: PMC7800263 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1375875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Syrphidae) is reported here. This is the first sequenced mitogenome from the subfamily Milesiinae. The whole mitochondrial genome is 16,091 bp in length and contains 37 canonical genes, which include 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes, the control region is 1125 bp in length. Most PCGs start with standard ATN codons, while CO1 and ND1 use TTG, CO3 uses TGG as start codons. All PCGs terminate in the common stop codons TAA. In addition, the nucleotide composition of the coding region was 40.0% of A, 40.1% of T, 11.2% of C, 8.7% of G and 80.1% of A + T content. The phylogenetic tree shows that Syrphidae is the sister group of Pipunculidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangmei Ding
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Hou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chufei Tang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Vujić A, Nedeljković Z, Hayat R, Demirözer O, Mengual X, Kazerani F. New data on the genusChrysotoxumMeigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) from North-East Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran including descriptions of three new species. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1349241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Nedeljković
- BioSense Institute-Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ozan Demirözer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Bonn, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Kazerani
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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19
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Chroni A, Djan M, Vidaković DO, Petanidou T, Vujić A. Molecular species delimitation in the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:126-138. [PMID: 27572819 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eumerus is one of the most diverse genera of hoverfly worldwide. Species delimitation within genus is considered to be difficult due to: (a) lack of an efficient key; (b) non-defined taxonomical status of a large number of species; and (c) blurred nomenclature. Here, we present the first molecular study to delimit species of the genus by using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) gene. We assessed 75 specimens assigned to 28 taxa originating from two biogeographic zones: 22 from the western Palaearctic and six from the Afrotropical region. Two datasets were generated based on different sequence lengths to explore the significance of availability of more polymorphic sites for species delimitation; dataset A with a total length of 647 bp and dataset B with 746 bp. Various tree inference approaches and Poisson tree processes models were applied to evaluate the putative 'taxonomical' vs. 'molecular' taxa clusters. All analyses resulted in high taxonomic resolution and clear species delimitation for both the dataset lengths. Furthermore, we revealed a high number of mitochondrial haplotypes and high intraspecific variability. We report two major monophyletic clades, and seven 'molecular' groups of taxa formed, which are congruent with morphology-based taxonomy. Our results support the use of the mitochondrial COI gene in species diagnosis of Eumerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chroni
- Department of Geography,University of the Aegean, University Hill,81100, Mytilene,Greece
| | - M Djan
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
| | - D Obreht Vidaković
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
| | - T Petanidou
- Department of Geography,University of the Aegean, University Hill,81100, Mytilene,Greece
| | - A Vujić
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
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20
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Šašić L, Ačanski J, Vujić A, Ståhls G, Radenković S, Milić D, Obreht Vidaković D, Đan M. Molecular and Morphological Inference of Three Cryptic Species within the Merodon aureus Species Group (Diptera: Syrphidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160001. [PMID: 27532618 PMCID: PMC4988715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Merodon aureus species group (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) comprises a number of different sub-groups and species complexes. In this study we focus on resolving the taxonomic status of the entity previously identified as M. cinereus B, here identified as M. atratus species complex. We used an integrative approach based on morphological descriptions, combined with supporting characters that were obtained from molecular analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene as well as from geometric morphometry of wing and surstylus shapes and environmental niche comparisons. All applied data and methods distinguished and supported three morphologically cryptic species: M. atratus stat. nov., M. virgatus sp. nov. and M. balkanicus sp. nov., which constitute the M. atratus species complex. We present an identification key for the sub-groups and species complexes of the M. aureus species group occurring in Europe, describe the taxa and discuss the utility of the applied methods for species delimitation. The estimated divergence times for the species splits of these taxa coincide with the Pleistocene Günz-Mindel interglaciation and the Great interglaciation (between the Ris and Mindel glacial periods).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Šašić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- Laboratory for Biosystems Research, BioSense Institute—Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Milić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidaković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihajla Đan
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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21
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Haarto A, Ståhls G. When mtDNA COI is misleading: congruent signal of ITS2 molecular marker and morphology for North European Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys 2014:93-134. [PMID: 25152670 PMCID: PMC4141176 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.431.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The northern European taxa of genus Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Syrphidae, Diptera) are revised. A longstanding question concerning the number of Melanostoma taxa occurring in northern Europe prompted us to contrast and compare their morphological and molecular variability. Particular uncertainty concerned the putative existence of a sibling species of Melanostoma mellinum, and the identity of the taxon Melanostoma dubium in northern Europe due to existence of morphologically similar dark forms of M. mellinum in the northern parts of its distributional range. Partial sequences of two DNA markers, the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-3') and the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) were analysed separately under parsimony. The obtained COI-3'gene fragment showed taxon-specific haplotypes and haplotypes that were shared among the taxa. The ITS2 sequences presented genotypes unique to each species, and congruence with our independently established taxonomic entities. Based on congruent signal of the ITS2 sequences and study of morphological characters we establish the presence of four taxa in northern Europe: Melanostoma mellium (= M. dubium nec auctt., syn. n.), M. certum sp. n. (= M. dubium auctt.), M. mellarium stat. n. (= M. mellinum auctt. partim) and M. scalare. Lectotype designations were made for Musca mellina, Syrphus mellarius and Melanostoma mellinum var. melanatus. THE FOLLOWING SYNONYMIES WERE ESTABLISHED Melanostoma mellarium = Melanostoma melanatum syn. n.; Melanostoma mellinum = Scaeva dubia syn. n., Melanostoma tschernovi syn. n., and Melanostoma clausseni syn. n. Morphological circumscriptions of the taxa and an identification key are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Haarto
- Zoological Museum, Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, PO Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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