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Almeida A, Lira R, Oliveira M, Martins M, Azevedo Y, Silva K, Carvalho S, Cortez E, Stumbo AC, Carvalho L, Thole A. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation ameliorates renal injury through anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in chronic experimental renovascular disease. Biomed J 2021; 45:629-641. [PMID: 34333108 PMCID: PMC9486239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive renal fibrosis is an underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD) evolution. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the remodeling of fibrotic kidney parenchyma in the two kidneys-one clip (2K1C) CKD animal model. Methods Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: Sham, 2K1C, and 2K1C þ MSC. MSCs (106) were transplanted into the renal subcapsular region two weeks after clipping the left renal artery. Six weeks after clipping, left kidney samples were analyzed using histological and western blotting techniques. ANOVA tests were performed and differences between groups were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results Clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats displayed renal fibrosis, with excessive collagen deposition, glomerulosclerosis and renal basement membrane disruption. Clipped kidneys of 2K1C þ MSC rats showed preserved Bowman's capsule and tubular basement membranes, medullary tubules morphological reconstitution and reduced collagen deposits. Expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were elevated, whereas tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 levels were decreased in clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats. MSCs transplantation restored these expression levels. Moreover, MSCs suppressed macrophages and myofibroblasts accumulation, as well as TNF-a expression in clipped kidneys of 2K1C animals. MSCs transplantation significantly increased IL-10 expression. Conclusions Transplanted MSCs orchestrate anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory events, which reverse renal fibrosis and promote renal morphological restoration. This study supports the notion that only one MSCs delivery into the renal subcapsular region represents a possible therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Almeida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Rafaelle Lira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Marcela Martins
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yanca Azevedo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Karina Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Simone Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Erika Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Lais Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
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Paris GC, Azevedo AA, Ferreira AL, Azevedo YMA, Rainho MA, Oliveira GP, Silva KR, Cortez EAC, Stumbo AC, Carvalho SN, de Carvalho L, Thole AA. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple organs affected by COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 278:119510. [PMID: 33865879 PMCID: PMC8049196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world has been devastated by an unprecedented pandemic in this century. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been causing disorders, dysfunction and morphophysiological alterations in multiple organs as the disease evolves. There is a great scientific community effort to obtain a therapy capable of reaching the multiple affected organs in order to contribute for tissue repair and regeneration. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential candidates concerning the promotion of beneficial actions at different stages of COVID-19. MSCs are promising due to the observed therapeutic effects in respiratory preclinical models, as well as in cardiac, vascular, renal and nervous system models. Their immunomodulatory properties and secretion of paracrine mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles allow for long range tissue modulation and, particularly, blood-brain barrier crossing. This review focuses on SARS-CoV-2 impact to lungs, kidneys, heart, vasculature and central nervous system while discussing promising MSC's therapeutic mechanisms in each tissue. In addition, MSC's therapeutic effects in high-risk groups for COVID-19, such as obese, diabetic and hypertensive patients are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Paris
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline A Azevedo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Ferreira
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yanca M A Azevedo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Rainho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Genilza P Oliveira
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karina R Silva
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika A C Cortez
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana C Stumbo
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simone N Carvalho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lais de Carvalho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A Thole
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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