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Aranda LC, Ribeiro IC, Freitas TO, Degani-Costa LH, Dias DS, De Angelis K, Paixão AO, Brum PC, Oliveira ASB, Vianna LC, Nery LE, Silva BM. Altered locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation in patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:385-398. [PMID: 38174374 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00560.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation, circulation, and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ten patients [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; means ± SD) = 43 ± 17% predicted] and nine age- and sex-matched controls underwent 1) cycling exercise followed by postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) to activate the metaboreflex or free circulatory flow to inactivate it, 2) cold pressor test to interpret whether any altered reflex response was specific to the metaboreflex arc, and 3) muscle biopsy to explore the metaboreflex arc afferent side. We measured airflow, dyspnea, heart rate, arterial pressure, muscle blood flow, and vascular conductance during reflexes activation. In addition, we measured fiber types, glutathione redox balance, and metaboreceptor-related mRNAs in the vastus lateralis. Metaboreflex activation increased ventilation versus free flow in patients (∼15%, P < 0.020) but not in controls (P > 0.450). In contrast, metaboreflex activation did not change dyspnea in patients (P = 1.000) but increased it in controls (∼100%, P < 0.001). Other metaboreflex-induced responses were similar between groups. Cold receptor activation increased ventilation similarly in both groups (P = 0.46). Patients had greater type II skeletal myocyte percentage (14%, P = 0.010), lower glutathione ratio (-34%, P = 0.015), and lower nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression (-60%, P = 0.031) than controls. Therefore, COPD altered the locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation. It increased type II myocyte percentage and elicited redox imbalance, potentially producing more muscle metaboreceptor stimuli. Moreover, it decreased NGF expression, suggesting a downregulation of metabolically sensitive muscle afferents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study's integrative physiology approach provides evidence for a specific alteration in locomotor muscle metaboreflex control of ventilation in patients with COPD. Furthermore, molecular analyses of a skeletal muscle biopsy suggest that the amount of muscle metaboreceptor stimuli derived from type II skeletal myocytes and redox imbalance overcame a downregulation of metabolically sensitive muscle afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane C Aranda
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Indyanara C Ribeiro
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago O Freitas
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza H Degani-Costa
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ailma O Paixão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Nery
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Silva
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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McClean Z, Iannetta D, Macinnis M, Aboodarda SJ. Shorter High-Intensity Cycling Intervals Reduce Performance and Perceived Fatigability at Work-Matched but Not Task Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:690-699. [PMID: 36729921 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intensity, duration, and distribution of work and recovery phases during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modulate metabolic perturbations during exercise and subsequently influence the development of performance fatigability and exercise tolerance. This study aimed to characterize neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory responses to work-to-rest ratio-matched HIIT protocols differing in work and rest interval duration. METHODS Twelve healthy individuals (six women) first completed a ramp incremental test to determine 90% of peak power output, and then in three randomized visits, they completed three cycling protocols to task failure at 90% of peak power output: (i) 3- to 3-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 3min ), (ii) 1- to 1-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 1min ), and (iii) constant load (CL). Interpolated twitch technique, including maximal voluntary isometric knee extensions and femoral nerve electrical stimuli, was performed at baseline, every 6 min of work, and task failure. Perceptual and cardiorespiratory responses were recorded every 3 min and continuously across the exercises, respectively. RESULTS The work completed during HIIT 1min (8447 ± 5124 kJ) was considerably greater than HIIT 3min (1930 ± 712 kJ) and CL (1076 ± 356) ( P < 0.001). At work-matched, HIIT 1min resulted in a lesser decline in maximal voluntary contraction and twitch force compared with HIIT 3min and CL ( P < 0.001). Perceived effort, pain, and dyspnea were least in HIIT 1min and HIIT 3min compared with CL ( P < 0.001). At task failure, HIIT 1min resulted in less voluntary activation than HIIT 3min ( P = 0.010) and CL ( P = 0.043), and engendered less twitch force decline than CL ( P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitigated physiological and perceptual responses during shorter work periods (HIIT 1min ) enhance exercise tolerance in comparison to longer work intervals at the same intensity (HIIT 3min , CL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McClean
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA
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Chen C, Kolbe J, Wilsher ML, De Boer S, Paton JFR, Fisher JP. Cardiorespiratory responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in fibrosing interstitial lung disease. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:527-540. [PMID: 35298060 PMCID: PMC9314965 DOI: 10.1113/ep090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? We determined whether sensory feedback from metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents (metaboreflex) causes a greater ventilatory response and higher dyspnoea ratings in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD). What is the main finding and its importance? Ventilatory responses and dyspnoea ratings during handgrip exercise and metaboreflex isolation were not different in FILD and control groups. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to handgrip were attenuated in FILD but not different to controls during metaboreflex isolation. These findings suggest that the muscle metaboreflex contribution to the respiratory response to exercise is not altered in FILD.
Abstract Exercise limitation and dyspnoea are hallmarks of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD); however, the physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. In other respiratory diseases, there is evidence that an augmented muscle metaboreflex may be implicated. We hypothesized that metaboreflex activation in FILD would result in elevated ventilation and dyspnoea ratings compared to healthy controls, due to augmented muscle metaboreflex. Sixteen FILD patients (three women, 69±14 years; mean±SD) and 16 age‐matched controls (four women, 67±7 years) were recruited. In a randomized cross‐over design, participants completed two min of rhythmic handgrip followed by either (i) two min of post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO trial) to isolate muscle metaboreflex activation, or (ii) rested for four min (Control trial). Minute ventilation (V˙E; pneumotachometer), dyspnoea ratings (0–10 Borg scale), mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) and heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram) were measured. V˙E was higher in the FILD group at baseline and exercise increased V˙E similarly in both groups. V˙E remained elevated during PECO, but there was no between‐group difference in the magnitude of this response (ΔV˙E FILD 4.2 ± 2.5 L·min–1 vs. controls 3.6 ± 2.4 L·min–1, P = 0.596). At the end of PECO, dyspnoea ratings in FILD were similar to controls (1.0 ± 1.3 units vs. 0.5 ± 1.1 units). Exercise increased MAP and HR (P < 0.05) in both groups; however, responses were lower in FILD. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is not an augmented effect of the muscle metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in FILD, but haemodynamic responses to handgrip are reduced relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Chen
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Kolbe
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Respiratory Services, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret L Wilsher
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Respiratory Services, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally De Boer
- Respiratory Services, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Simpson LL, Ewalts M, Moore JP. Control of breathing during exercise: Who is the leader? Exp Physiol 2020; 106:576-577. [PMID: 33336428 DOI: 10.1113/ep089296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Simpson
- Division of Physiology, Institute for Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michiel Ewalts
- College of Human Sciences, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- College of Human Sciences, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Fadel PJ. Editorial to accompany exchange of views: Role of exercise pressor reflex in control of ventilation during exercise. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2258-2259. [PMID: 33217087 DOI: 10.1113/ep089124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Haouzi P. Exchange of Views rebuttal: Reply to White and Bruce. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2254-2255. [PMID: 33067863 DOI: 10.1113/ep089068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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