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Hammad FT, Lubbad L, Al-Salam S, Yasin J, Meeran MFN, Ojha S, Hammad WF. The Effect of Hypertension on the Recovery of Renal Dysfunction following Reversal of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087365. [PMID: 37108528 PMCID: PMC10138964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both ureteral obstruction (UO) and hypertension are common conditions that affect kidney functions. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease are closely associated with an overlapping and intermingled cause-and-effect relationship. The effect of hypertension on the renal dysfunction following reversible UO has not been studied previously. To study this effect, spontaneously hypertensive (G-HT, n = 10) and normotensive Wistar (G-NT, n = 10) rats underwent 48-h reversible left unilateral UO (UUO), and the effect of UUO was studied 96 h following UUO reversal. The glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and renal tubular functions such as the fractional excretion of sodium in the post-obstructed left kidney (POK) in both groups were significantly altered compared with the non-obstructed right kidney (NOK). However, the alterations in the G-HT were significantly more exaggerated when compared with the G-NT. Similar findings were observed with the histological features, gene expression of kidney injury markers, pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic cytokines, and pro-collagen, as well as tissue levels of apoptotic markers. We conclude that hypertension has significantly exaggerated the alterations in renal functions and other parameters of renal injury associated with UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez T Hammad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waheed F Hammad
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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The Effect of Nerolidol Renal Dysfunction following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020455. [PMID: 36678327 PMCID: PMC9866594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to decrease the deleterious effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are ongoing. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using natural phytochemical compounds as alternative remedies in several diseases. Nerolidol is a natural product extracted from plants with floral odors and has been proven to be effective for the treatment of some conditions. We investigated the effect of nerolidol in a rat model of renal IRI. Nerolidol was dissolved in a vehicle and administered orally as single daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 5 days prior to IRI and continued for 3 days post IRI. G-Sham (n = 10) underwent sham surgery, whereas G-IRI (n = 10) and G-IRI/NR (n = 10) underwent bilateral warm renal ischemia for 30 min and received the vehicle/nerolidol, respectively. Renal functions and histological changes were assessed before starting the medication, just prior to IRI and 3 days after IRI. Nerolidol significantly attenuated the alterations in serum creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. Nerolidol also significantly attenuated the alterations in markers of kidney injury; proinflammatory, profibrotic and apoptotic cytokines; oxidative stress markers; and histological changes. We conclude that nerolidol has a renoprotective effect on IRI-induced renal dysfunction. These findings might have clinical implications.
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Abbas W, Altemimi M, Qassam H, Hameed AA, Zigam Q, Abbas L, Jabir M, Hadi N. Fimasartan ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion injury via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic cascades in a rat model. J Med Life 2022; 15:241-251. [PMID: 35419091 PMCID: PMC8999095 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can be defined as changes in the functions and structures of the tissues resulting from the restoration of blood after a period of ischemia. This study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of Fimasartan (angiotensin receptor antagonist) in the bilateral renal IRI in male rats through its potential effect on renal functions, modulation of the inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress, and apoptotic effect. The animals were equally assigned into four groups. The sham (negative control) group was exposed to surgical conditions without induction of IRI. The control group was exposed to ischemia by occluding the renal pedicles by clamps for 30 min, followed by restoration of blood for 2h. The vehicle-treated group received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by intraperitoneal injection (IP) 30 minutes before clamping. Fimasartan-treated group: rats pretreated with Fimasartan a dose of 3 mg/kg IP; this was half hour before occluding the renal pedicles. Animals were then exposed to 30 min ischemia (clamping the renal pedicles) followed by 2h reperfusion by releasing the clamps. Blood samples were collected to examine the levels of serum urea and creatinine. Renal tissue was used to measure the levels of cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl-2. Histopathological analyses were performed to detect the parenchymal injury. The present study shows that pretreatment with Fimasartan improves kidney function through its effects on oxidative stress, cytokines, and apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weaam Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Murooj Altemimi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Abdul Hameed
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Qassim Zigam
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Lamaan Abbas
- Al-Sadr Medical City, Al-Najaf Health Directorate, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq
| | - Majid Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Najah Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Najah Hadi, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail: ;
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Hammad FT, Al‐Salam S, AlZaabi SS, Alfalasi MM, Hammad AF, Yasin J, Lubbad L. The effect of neprilysin and renin inhibition on the renal dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14723. [PMID: 33719192 PMCID: PMC7957268 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide (NP) system counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), so enhancing the activity of natriuretic peptides (NPs) may be beneficial in conditions when RAS is activated such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Neprilysin is the key enzyme responsible for the degradation of NPs. The effects of neprilysin inhibition or the combination of neprilysin inhibition and RAS inhibition on renal IRI-induced renal dysfunction have not been investigated yet. To investigate this, rats underwent sham surgery or bilateral IRI for 20 min. G-Als, G-Scb, and G-Als+Scb underwent similar protocol but received aliskiren (renin inhibitor), sacubitril (neprilysin inhibitor) or a combination of both pre- and post-IRI, respectively. IRI caused significant alterations in all renal functional parameters, markers of acute renal injury, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, and histological features. All these alterations were significantly attenuated in G-Als, G-Scb, and G-Als+Scb. The attenuations in the alterations in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and histological features were larger in G-Als+Scb compared to either G-Als or G-Scb. We conclude that RAS blockade by a renin inhibitor (aliskiren) or neprilysin inhibition by sacubitril separately led to significant attenuation in the renal IRI-induced renal dysfunction. The combination of aliskiren and sacubitril was more effective than either one alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez T. Hammad
- Department of SurgeryUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al‐Salam
- Department of PathologyUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah S. AlZaabi
- College of Medicine & Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Maryam M. Alfalasi
- College of Medicine & Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | | | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine & Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of SurgeryUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
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Cho JH, Choi SY, Ryu HM, Oh EJ, Yook JM, Ahn JS, Jung HY, Choi JY, Park SH, Kim CD, Kim YL. Fimasartan attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating inflammation-related apoptosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:661-670. [PMID: 30402026 PMCID: PMC6205936 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fimasartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, reduces myocyte damage and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque through its anti-inflammatory effect in animal studies. We investigated the protective effects of pretreatment with fimasartan on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a mouse model of ischemic renal damage. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without 5 (IR-F5) or 10 (IR-F10) mg/kg/day fimasartan for 3 days. Renal ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral renal vascular pedicles for 30 min. Histology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis assays were evaluated 24 h after IRI. Compared to the untreated group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the IR-F10 group. IR-F10 kidneys showed less tubular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis than untreated kidneys. The expression of F4/80, a macrophage infiltration marker, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, decreased in the IR-F10 group. High-dose fimasartan treatment attenuated the upregulation of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in ischemic kidneys. Fewer TUNEL positive cells were observed in IR-F10 compared to control mice. Fimasartan caused a significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and the level of Bax, and increased the Bcl-2 level. Fimasartan preserved renal function and tubular architecture from IRI in a mouse ischemic renal injury model. Fimasartan also attenuated upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Our results suggest that fimasartan inhibited the process of tubular injury by preventing apoptosis induced by the inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ju-Min Yook
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Hammad FT, Wheatley AM, Davis G. Bosentan normalizes the GFR response to renal nerve stimulation following reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction in the rat. Physiol Res 2014; 63:713-22. [PMID: 25157662 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the renal response to direct renal nerve stimulation, 2 weeks following reversal of 24-h unilateral (left) ureteric obstruction. Renal nerve stimulation caused a 13-15 % fall in renal blood flow, in 4 groups of anesthetized rats following ureteric obstruction (n=9) or a sham operation (n=7) both with (n=9) and without (n=7) treatment with the mixed ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, bosentan. In the sham-operated rats, renal nerve stimulation did not change glomerular filtration rate but reduced urine flow rate (37+/-3 %, P<0.001), and absolute (38+/-4 %, P<0.001) and fractional (35+/-5 %, P<0.01) sodium excretion. Following unilateral ureteric obstruction, renal nerve stimulation increased glomerular filtration rate by 22+/-3 % (P<0.01), but reduced urine flow rate (14+/-2 %, P<0.001) and fractional sodium excretion (23+/-5 %, P<0.01). Bosentan treatment had no effect on baseline or renal responses to renal nerve stimulation in the sham group but normalized the renal response to renal nerve stimulation in the unilateral ureteric obstruction group. We conclude that 14 days after a 24-h period of unilateral ureteric obstruction there is an increase in GFR in response to direct renal nerve stimulation, which is due, in part, to the actions of endothelin at the time of obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Hammad
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Hammad FT, Al-Salam S, Lubbad L. Does aliskiren protect the kidney following ischemia reperfusion injury? Physiol Res 2013; 62:681-90. [PMID: 23869885 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of blocking the first and rate-limiting step in renin-angiotensin cascade on the renal function in ischemia reperfusion injury has not been previously investigated. We investigated the effect of aliskiren, the first approved direct oral renin inhibitor, on the alterations in renal functional parameters in this condition. Wistar rats underwent left renal ischemia for 40 min. Group-1 received normal saline whereas Group-2 received aliskiren (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 6 days commencing one day before IRI. The hemodynamic and tubular functions and gene expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and plasminogen activating inhibitor (PAI-1) in the right and left kidneys were measured five days following the IRI. Comparing Group-1 and Group-2, the left renal blood flow was significantly higher in Group-2 (1.28+/-0.36 vs. 0.39+/-0.05, P=0.007). Left kidney glomerular filtration rate was also higher in Group-2 but did not reach statistical significance (0.18+/-0.05 vs. 0.10+/-0.02, P=0.07). The left renal FE(Na) was significantly lower in Group-2 (29.9+/-6.4 vs. 49.7+/-7.8, P=0.03). Aliskiren also caused a significant decrease in the gene expression of both NGAL and PAI-1 in the left ischemic kidney. In conclusions, the administration of aliskiren before and after IRI appears to have ameliorated the IRI effect on the total renal artery blood flow, fractional excretion of sodium and gene expression of both NGAL and PAI-1 indicating a renoprotective effects in IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Hammad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Schmiedt C, Nelson S, Brainard B, Brown C, Vandenplas M, Hurley D. Bilateral renal ischemia as a model of acute kidney injury in cats. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:950-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ersoy A. Current and future antihypertensive drugs in post-transplant hypertension and related patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.8.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Inman SR, Plott WK, Pomilee RA, Antonelli JA, Lewis RM. Endothelin-receptor blockade mitigates the adverse effect of preretrieval warm ischemia on posttransplantation renal function in rats. Transplantation 2003; 75:1655-9. [PMID: 12777851 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000063127.02261.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury has been established as a nonimmunologic risk factor for the development of chronic graft nephropathy after renal transplantation. This objective of this study was to determine if oral administration of an endothelin-1 receptor (ET-R) antagonist over a 2-month period after renal transplantation would mitigate long-term dysfunction associated with 30 min of preretrieval warm ischemia (pre-WI). METHODS The left kidney was retrieved from 250-g Lewis rats. Recipients underwent left nephrectomy and isografting using standard techniques. Animals were divided into three groups: nonischemic controls (no pre-WI, n=8); ischemic controls (pre-WI only, n=6); and pre-WI kidneys in which recipients received the ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, A182086, daily (30 mg/kg/day) (pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, n=6). Isograft glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured at 2 months. RESULTS Measurement of GFR (mL/min) were as follows: no pre-WI, 2.1+/-0.26; pre-WI only, 1.24+/-0.14 (P<0.05 vs. no pre-WI); and pre-WI/ET-R antagonist, 2.3+/-0.45 (P<0.05 vs. pre-WI only and P=NS vs. no pre-WI). CONCLUSIONS Chronic administration of a nonselective ET-R antagonist given after the ischemic insult, mitigated the decline in GFR at 2 months. These observations provide an experimental rationale for further investigation of the potential long-term protective effect of nonselective ET-R blockade versus ischemia-reperfusion injury in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Inman
- Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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