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Gerges ANH, Graetz L, Hillier S, Uy J, Hamilton T, Opie G, Vallence AM, Braithwaite FA, Chamberlain S, Hordacre B. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modifies cortical excitability in middle-aged and older adults. Psychophysiology 2024:e14584. [PMID: 38602055 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the clinical application of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). However, its effect on cortical excitability, and whether this is modulated by stimulation duration, remains unclear. We evaluated whether taVNS can modify excitability in the primary motor cortex (M1) in middle-aged and older adults and whether the stimulation duration moderates this effect. In addition, we evaluated the blinding efficacy of a commonly reported sham method. In a double-blinded randomized cross-over sham-controlled study, 23 healthy adults (mean age 59.91 ± 6.87 years) received three conditions: active taVNS for 30 and 60 min and sham for 30 min. Single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered over the right M1 to evaluate motor-evoked potentials. Adverse events, heart rate and blood pressure measures were evaluated. Participant blinding effectiveness was assessed via guesses about group allocation. There was an increase in short-interval intracortical inhibition (F = 7.006, p = .002) and a decrease in short-interval intracortical facilitation (F = 4.602, p = .014) after 60 min of taVNS, but not 30 min, compared to sham. taVNS was tolerable and safe. Heart rate and blood pressure were not modified by taVNS (p > .05). Overall, 96% of participants detected active stimulation and 22% detected sham stimulation. taVNS modifies cortical excitability in M1 and its effect depends on stimulation duration in middle-aged and older adults. taVNS increased GABAAergic inhibition and decreased glutamatergic activity. Sham taVNS protocol is credible but there is an imbalance in beliefs about group allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N H Gerges
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynton Graetz
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Hillier
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeric Uy
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Taya Hamilton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - George Opie
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Felicity A Braithwaite
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saran Chamberlain
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Edwards JD, Dominguez-Vargas AU, Rosso C, Branscheidt M, Sheehy L, Quandt F, Zamora SA, Fleming MK, Azzollini V, Mooney RA, Stagg CJ, Gerloff C, Rossi S, Cohen LG, Celnik P, Nitsche MA, Buetefisch CM, Dancause N. A translational roadmap for transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:145-157. [PMID: 37824726 PMCID: PMC10811969 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this Third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable (SRRR3) was to develop consensus recommendations to address outstanding barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical research using the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and provide a roadmap for the integration of these techniques into clinical practice. METHODS International NIBS and stroke recovery experts (N = 18) contributed to the consensus process. Using a nominal group technique, recommendations were reached via a five-stage process, involving a thematic survey, two priority ranking surveys, a literature review and an in-person meeting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results of our consensus process yielded five key evidence-based and feasibility barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical NIBS research, which were formulated into five core consensus recommendations. Recommendations highlight an urgent need for (1) increased understanding of NIBS mechanisms, (2) improved methodological rigor in both preclinical and clinical NIBS studies, (3) standardization of outcome measures, (4) increased clinical relevance in preclinical animal models, and (5) greater optimization and individualization of NIBS protocols. To facilitate the implementation of these recommendations, the expert panel developed a new SRRR3 Unified NIBS Research Checklist. These recommendations represent a translational pathway for the use of NIBS in stroke rehabilitation research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Meret Branscheidt
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Sheehy
- Bruyére Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fanny Quandt
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Zamora
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Edwards JD, Dominguez-Vargas AU, Rosso C, Branscheidt M, Sheehy L, Quandt F, Zamora SA, Fleming MK, Azzollini V, Mooney RA, Stagg CJ, Gerloff C, Rossi S, Cohen LG, Celnik P, Nitsche MA, Buetefisch CM, Dancause N. A translational roadmap for transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:19-29. [PMID: 37837350 PMCID: PMC10860359 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this Third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable (SRRR3) was to develop consensus recommendations to address outstanding barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical research using the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and provide a roadmap for the integration of these techniques into clinical practice. METHODS International NIBS and stroke recovery experts (N = 18) contributed to the consensus process. Using a nominal group technique, recommendations were reached via a five-stage process, involving a thematic survey, two priority ranking surveys, a literature review and an in-person meeting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results of our consensus process yielded five key evidence-based and feasibility barriers for the translation of preclinical and clinical NIBS research, which were formulated into five core consensus recommendations. Recommendations highlight an urgent need for (1) increased understanding of NIBS mechanisms, (2) improved methodological rigor in both preclinical and clinical NIBS studies, (3) standardization of outcome measures, (4) increased clinical relevance in preclinical animal models, and (5) greater optimization and individualization of NIBS protocols. To facilitate the implementation of these recommendations, the expert panel developed a new SRRR3 Unified NIBS Research Checklist. These recommendations represent a translational pathway for the use of NIBS in stroke rehabilitation research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Meret Branscheidt
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Sheehy
- Bruyére Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fanny Quandt
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Zamora
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Luo G, Wang S, Yao S, Quan D, Guo G, Gao J, Zheng H. Direct changes of neurometabolic concentrations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex among obsessive-compulsive patients after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:79-85. [PMID: 37080494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a promising new noninvasive brain stimulation therapy, its underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. OCD patients exhibit impaired response control and attention shifting, which is linked to some brain areas such as anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia. OCD patients also display altered neurometabolic concentrations in cortical cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC). In this study, we aimed to elucidate efficacy of rTMS treatment in alleviating related symptoms and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) neurometabolites. METHODS OCD patients were randomly divided into either drug (n = 23) or drug + rTMS (n = 29) groups, and those in the latter group subjected to 4-week rTMS treatment. All participants were visited twice, at baseline and follow-up after four weeks. During both visits, all patients were subjected to 1H-MRS, then Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Global Assessment Function (GAF) used to assess severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We also evaluated synchronous anxiety and depression by Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatment, patients in the Drug + rTMS group displayed significantly lower Y-BOCS (p = 0.038), BDI (p = 0.009), HAM-D (p = 0.013), HAM-A (p = 0.012) scores than their counterparts in the Drug group. Conversely, patients in the Drug + rTMS group had significantly higher tNAA concentrations (p = 0.030) than those in the Drug group. Notably, the Drug + rTMS group exhibited higher, but insignificant Glu (p = 0.055) and Glx (p = 0.068) concentrations compared to the Drug group. Partial correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between post HAM-A scores and 4-week change of pACC glutamate levels in the Drug + rTMS group (r = -0.434, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION rTMS treatment is an efficacious treatment therapy for OCD, mainly by inducing changes in neurometabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Luo
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Quan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangquan Guo
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huirong Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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5
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Weiler M, Moreno-Castilla P, Starnes HM, Melendez ELR, Stieger KC, Long JM, Rapp PR. Effects of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in aged rats depend on pre-treatment cognitive status: Toward individualized intervention for successful cognitive aging. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1219-1225. [PMID: 34400378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown initial promise in combating age-related cognitive decline and dementia. The nature and severity of cognitive aging, however, varies markedly between individuals. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the distinct constellation of brain changes responsible for individual differences in cognitive aging might influence the response to rTMS. METHODS Cognitive effects of rTMS were evaluated using a rat model of cognitive aging in which aged rats are classified as Aged-Impaired (AI) or -Unimpaired (AU) relative to young (Y) according to their performance in the Morris water maze. Several weeks later, following presentation of a sample odor in an olfactory recognition task, rats received either sham (Y, n = 9; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9) or intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (Y, n = 8; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9). Memory was tested 24 h later. RESULTS Recognition memory in the sham and stimulated conditions depended on pre-treatment cognitive status in the aged rats. Y and AU sham rats displayed robust odor recognition, whereas sham-treated AI rats exhibited no retention. In contrast, rTMS treated AI rats showed robust retention, comparable in magnitude to Y, whereas the AU stimulated scored at chance. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with a perspective that the unique neurobiology associated with variability in cognitive aging modulates the response to rTMS. Protocols with documented efficacy in young adults may have unexpected outcomes in aging or neurodegenerative conditions, requiring individualized approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Hannah M Starnes
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Edward L R Melendez
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Kevin C Stieger
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Long
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA.
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Zhong M, Cywiak C, Metto AC, Liu X, Qian C, Pelled G. Multi-session delivery of synchronous rTMS and sensory stimulation induces long-term plasticity. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:884-894. [PMID: 34029768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining training or sensory stimulation with non-invasive brain stimulation has shown to improve performance in healthy subjects and improve brain function in patients after brain injury. However, the plasticity mechanisms and the optimal parameters to induce long-term and sustainable enhanced performance remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This work was designed to identify the protocols of which combining sensory stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) will facilitate the greatest changes in fMRI activation maps in the rat's primary somatosensory cortex (S1). METHODS Several protocols of combining forepaw electrical stimulation with rTMS were tested, including a single stimulation session compared to multiple, daily stimulation sessions, as well as synchronous and asynchronous delivery of both modalities. High-resolution fMRI was used to determine how pairing sensory stimulation with rTMS induced short and long-term plasticity in the rat S1. RESULTS All groups that received a single session of rTMS showed short-term increases in S1 activity, but these increases did not last three days after the session. The group that received a stimulation protocol of 10 Hz forepaw stimulation that was delivered simultaneously with 10 Hz rTMS for five consecutive days demonstrated the greatest increases in the extent of the evoked fMRI responses compared to groups that received other stimulation protocols. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide direct indication that pairing peripheral stimulation with rTMS induces long-term plasticity, and this phenomenon appears to follow a time-dependent plasticity mechanism. These results will be important to lead the design of new training and rehabilitation paradigms and training towards achieving maximal performance in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Cywiak
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abigael C Metto
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Neuroengineering Division, The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Rittweger N, Ishorst T, Barmashenko G, Aliane V, Winter C, Funke K. Effects of iTBS-rTMS on the Behavioral Phenotype of a Rat Model of Maternal Immune Activation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:670699. [PMID: 33967716 PMCID: PMC8098712 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.670699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a promising therapeutic tool for treating neuropsychiatric diseases. Previously, we found intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS to be most effective in modulating cortical excitation-inhibition balance in rats, accompanied by improved cortical sensory processing and sensory learning performance. Using an animal schizophrenia model based on maternal immune activation (MIA) we tested if iTBS applied to either adult or juvenile rats can affect the behavioral phenotype in a therapeutic or preventive manner, respectively. In a sham-controlled fashion, iTBS effects in MIA rats were compared with rats receiving vehicle NaCl injection instead of the synthetic viral strand. Prior to iTBS, adult MIA rats showed deficits in sensory gating, as tested with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, and deficits in novel object recognition (NOR). No differences between MIA and control rats were evident with regard to signs of anxiety, anhedonia and depression but MIA rats were somewhat superior to controls during the training phase of Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. MIA but not control rats significantly improved in PPI following iTBS at adulthood but without significant differences between verum and sham application. If applied during adolescence, verum but not sham-iTBS improved NOR at adulthood but no difference in PPI was evident in rats treated either with sham or verum-iTBS. MIA and control rat responses to sham-iTBS applied at adulthood differed remarkably, indicating a different physiological reaction to the experimental experiences. Although verum-iTBS was not superior to sham-iTBS, MIA rats seemed to benefit from the treatment procedure in general, since differences-in relation to control rats declined or disappeared. Even if classical placebo effects can be excluded, motor or cognitive challenges or the entire handling procedure during the experiments appear to alleviate the behavioral impairments of MIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rittweger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Ishorst
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gleb Barmashenko
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,AIO-Studien-gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Aliane
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Lippmann B, Barmashenko G, Funke K. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic and deep brain stimulation on long-range synchrony of oscillatory activity in a rat model of developmental schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2848-2869. [PMID: 33480084 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal network activity likely resulting from disturbed interactions of excitatory and inhibitory systems may be a major cause of cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases, like within the spectrum of schizophrenic phenotypes. In particular, the synchrony and pattern of oscillatory brain activity appears to be disturbed within limbic networks, e.g. between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In a rat model of maternal immune activation (MIA), we compared the acute effects of deep brain stimulation within either medial prefrontal cortex or ventral hippocampus with the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), using the intermittent theta-burst protocol (iTBS), on oscillatory activity within limbic structures. Simultaneous local field potential recordings were made from medial prefrontal cortex, ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and rostral part of ventral tegmental area before and after deep brain stimulation in anaesthetized rats previously (~3 h) treated with sham or verum rTMS. We found a waxing and waning pattern of theta and gamma activity in all structures which was less synchronous in particular between medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus in MIA offspring. Deep brain stimulation in medial prefrontal cortex and pre-treatment with iTBS-rTMS partly improved this pattern. Gamma-theta cross-frequency coupling was stronger in MIA offspring and could partly be reduced by deep brain stimulation in medial prefrontal cortex. We can confirm aberrant limbic network activity in a rat MIA model, and at least acute normalizing effects of the neuromodulatory methods. It has to be proven whether these procedures can have chronic effects suitable for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lippmann
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gleb Barmashenko
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,AIO-Studien-gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Cywiak C, Ashbaugh RC, Metto AC, Udpa L, Qian C, Gilad AA, Reimers M, Zhong M, Pelled G. Non-invasive neuromodulation using rTMS and the electromagnetic-perceptive gene (EPG) facilitates plasticity after nerve injury. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1774-1783. [PMID: 33068795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty million Americans suffer from peripheral nerve injury. These patients often develop chronic pain and sensory dysfunctions. In the past decade, neuroimaging studies showed that these changes are associated with altered cortical excitation-inhibition balance and maladaptive plasticity. We tested if neuromodulation of the deprived sensory cortex could restore the cortical balance, and whether it would be effective in alleviating sensory complications. OBJECTIVE We tested if non-invasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) which induces neuronal excitability, and cell-specific magnetic activation via the Electromagnetic-perceptive gene (EPG) which is a novel gene that was identified and cloned from glass catfish and demonstrated to evoke neural responses when magnetically stimulated, can restore cortical excitability. METHODS A rat model of forepaw denervation was used. rTMS was delivered every other day for 30 days, starting at the acute or at the chronic post-injury phase. A minimally-invasive neuromodulation via EPG was performed every day for 30 days starting at the chronic phase. A battery of behavioral tests was performed in the days and weeks following limb denervation in EPG-treated rats, and behavioral tests, fMRI and immunochemistry were performed in rTMS-treated rats. RESULTS The results demonstrate that neuromodulation significantly improved long-term mobility, decreased anxiety and enhanced neuroplasticity. The results identify that both acute and delayed rTMS intervention facilitated rehabilitation. Moreover, the results implicate EPG as an effective cell-specific neuromodulation approach. CONCLUSION Together, these results reinforce the growing amount of evidence from human and animal studies that are establishing neuromodulation as an effective strategy to promote plasticity and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cywiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ryan C Ashbaugh
- The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abigael C Metto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lalita Udpa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mark Reimers
- The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; The Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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10
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Charles James J, Funke K. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reverses reduced excitability of rat visual cortex induced by dark rearing during early critical period. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:399-410. [PMID: 33006265 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Early critical period of visual cortex is characterized by enhanced activity-driven neuronal plasticity establishing the specificity of neuronal connections required for optimal processing of sensory signals. Deprivation from visual input by dark rearing (DR) during this period leads to a lasting impairment of visual performance. Previously, we demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied with intermittent theta-burst (iTBS) pattern during the critical period improved the visual performance of the DR rats. In this study, we describe that the excitability of the binocular part of the visual cortex (V1b), as measured in acute brain slices by input-output ratios of field excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs), is lowered in DR rats compared to normal controls. Verum rTMS applied with the iTBS pattern during DR reversed this DR effect, while no rTMS effect was evident in the non-DR (nDR) rats. In addition, verum rTMS reduced the number of neurons expressing the 67 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB) and the zinc-finger transcription factor zif268/EGR1, as determined via immunohistochemistry, only in DR rats but not in nDR rats. Moreover, rTMS reduced the number of neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) only in nDR rats which showed more PV+ neurons compared to DR rats. This study confirms that iTBS-rTMS may be able to prevent or reverse the effects of DR on visual cortex physiology, likely through a modulation of the activity of inhibitory interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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