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Wu P, Luo X, Xu Y, Zhu J, Jia W, Fang N, Cai C, Zhu JJ. Long-Range SERS Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Antigen on a Well-Ordered Gold Hexagonal Nanoplate Film. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17541-17550. [PMID: 36475600 PMCID: PMC9743488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective method for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) via direct viral protein detection is significant but challenging in combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. As a promising approach for direct detection, viral protein detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is limited by the larger viral protein size compared to the effective electromagnetic field (E-field) range because only the analyte remaining within the E-field can achieve high detection sensitivity. In this study, we designed and fabricated a novel long-range SERS (LR-SERS) substrate with an Au nanoplate film/MgF2/Au mirror/glass configuration to boost the LR-SERS resulting from the extended E-field. On applying the LR-SERS to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein), reagent-free detection achieved a low detection limit of 9.8 × 10-11 g mL-1 and clear discrimination from the SARS-CoV S protein. The developed technique also allows testing of the S protein in saliva with 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
- School of Science, Xihua
University, Chengdu610039, P. R. China
| | - Yihong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingtian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University,
Nanjing210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical for Life Science,
School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing210023, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing
University, Shenzhen518000, China
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Paudel NR, Shvydka D, Parsai EI. A novel property of gold nanoparticles: Free radical generation under microwave irradiation. Med Phys 2016; 43:1598. [PMID: 27036559 DOI: 10.1118/1.4942811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are known to be effective mediators in microwave hyperthermia. Interaction with an electromagnetic field, large surface to volume ratio, and size quantization of nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to increased cell killing beyond pure heating effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of free radical generation by GNPs in aqueous media when they are exposed to a microwave field. METHODS A number of samples with 500 mM 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) in 20 ppm GNP colloidal suspensions were scanned with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/electron spin resonance spectrometer to generate and detect free radicals. A fixed (9.68 GHz) frequency microwave from the spectrometer has served for both generation and detection of radicals. EPR spectra obtained as first derivatives of intensity with the spectrometer were double integrated to get the free radical signal intensities. Power dependence of radical intensity was studied by applying various levels of microwave power (12.5, 49.7, and 125 mW) while keeping all other scan parameters the same. Free radical signal intensities from initial and final scans, acquired at the same power levels, were compared. RESULTS Hydroxyl radical (OH⋅) signal was found to be generated due to the exposure of GNP-DMPO colloidal samples to a microwave field. Intensity of OH⋅ signal thus generated at 12.5 mW microwave power for 2.8 min was close to the intensity of OH⋅ signal obtained from a water-DMPO sample exposed to 1.5 Gy ionizing radiation dose. For repeated scans, higher OH⋅ intensities were observed in the final scan for higher power levels applied between the initial and the final scans. Final intensities were higher also for a shorter time interval between the initial and the final scans. CONCLUSIONS Our results observed for the first time demonstrate that GNPs generate OH⋅ radicals in aqueous media when they are exposed to a microwave field. If OH⋅ radicals can be generated close to deoxyribonucleic acid of cells by proper localization of NPs, NP-aided microwave hyperthermia can yield cell killing via both elevated temperature and free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Paudel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Diana Shvydka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - E Ishmael Parsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43614
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Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biofluids: fundamental aspects and diagnostic applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8265-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sharma M, Pudasaini PR, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Vinogradova E, Ayon AA. Plasmonic effects of au/ag bimetallic multispiked nanoparticles for photovoltaic applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15472-15479. [PMID: 25137194 DOI: 10.1021/am5040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of plasmons, that is, free electron oscillations in conductors, to boost the performance of both organic and inorganic thin film solar cells. This has been driven by the possibility of employing thin active layers in solar cells in order to reduce materials costs, and is enabled by significant advances in fabrication technology. The ability of surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures to guide and confine light in the nanometer scale has opened up new design possibilities for solar cell devices. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of highly monodisperse, reasonably stable, multipode Au/Ag bimetallic nanostructures using an inorganic additive as a ligand for photovoltaic applications. A promising surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect has been observed for the synthesized bimetallic Au/Ag multispiked nanoparticles, which compare favorably well with their Au and Ag spherical nanoparticle counterparts. The synthesized plasmonic nanostructures were incorporated on the rear surface of an ultrathin planar c-silicon/organic polymer hybrid solar cell, and the overall effect on photovoltaic performance was investigated. A promising enhancement in solar cell performance parameters, including both the open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current density (JSC), has been observed by employing the aforementioned bimetallic multispiked nanoparticles on the rear surface of solar cell devices. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) value as high as 7.70% has been measured in a hybrid device with Au/Ag multispiked nanoparticles on the rear surface of an ultrathin, crystalline silicon (c-Si) membrane (∼ 12 μm). This value compares well to the measured PCE value of 6.72% for a similar device without nanoparticles. The experimental observations support the hope for a sizable PCE increase, due to plasmon effects, in thin-film, c-Si solar cells in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Yuen C, Liu Q. Magnetic field enriched surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy for early malaria diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:017005. [PMID: 22352671 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemozoin is a by-product of malaria infection in erythrocytes, which has been explored as a biomarker for early malaria diagnosis. We report magnetic field-enriched surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) of β-hematin crystals, which are the equivalent of hemozoin biocrystals in spectroscopic features, by using magnetic nanoparticles with iron oxide core and silver shell (Fe(3)O(4)@Ag). The external magnetic field enriches β-hematin crystals and enhances the binding between β-hematin crystals and magnetic nanoparticles, which provides further improvement in SERRS signals. The magnetic field-enriched SERRS signal of β-hematin crystals shows approximately five orders of magnitude enhancement in the resonance Raman signal, in comparison to about three orders of magnitude improvement in the SERRS signal without the influence of magnetic field. The improvement has led to a β-hematin detection limit at a concentration of 5 nM (roughly equivalent to 30 parasites/μl at the early stages of malaria infection), which demonstrates the potential of magnetic field-enriched SERRS technique in early malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yuen
- Nanyang Technological University, Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore 637457
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Ghahremani FH, Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni-Toosi MH, Rajabi O, Aledavood A. Efficacy of microwave hyperthermia and chemotherapy in the presence of gold nanoparticles: An in vitro study on osteosarcoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2011; 27:625-36. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2011.587363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Agarwal NR, Fazio E, Neri F, Trusso S, Castiglioni C, Lucotti A, Santo N, Ossi PM. Ag and Au nanoparticles for SERS substrates produced by pulsed laser ablation. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy S, Krishnan S, Thoniyot P, Low HY. Inherently reproducible fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticle arrays for SERS by combining nanoimprint and copolymer lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1033-40. [PMID: 21375254 DOI: 10.1021/am1011518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present an inherently reproducible route to realizing high-performance SERS substrates by exploiting a high-throughput top-down/bottom-up fabrication scheme. The fabrication route employs self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers to create high-resolution molds for nanoimprint lithography (NIL) spanning entire 100 mm Si wafers. The nanoporous polymer templates obtained upon NIL are subjected to galvanic displacement reactions to create gold nanorod arrays. Nanorods are subsequently converted to nanodiscs by thermal annealing. The nanodiscs were found to perform as robust SERS substrates as compared with the nanorods. The SERS performance of these substrates and its generality for catering to diverse molecules is demonstrated through the excellent Raman peak resolution and intensity for three different molecules, exhibiting different interaction modes on surface. Numerical simulations using FDTD shows plasmonic coupling between the particles and also brings out the influence due to size distribution. The approach combines distinct advantages of high-precision and repeatability offered by NIL with low-cost fabrication of high-resolution NIL molds by copolymer self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3, Research Link, 117602, Singapore.
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Lim NSJ, Hamed Z, Yeow CH, Chan C, Huang Z. Early detection of biomolecular changes in disrupted porcine cartilage using polarized Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:017003. [PMID: 21280924 DOI: 10.1117/1.3528006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the feasibility of applying polarized Raman spectroscopy in probing the early biochemical compositions and orientation changes in impacted porcine cartilage explants. We divide 100 fresh tibial cartilage explants into four groups: control (unimpacted) and 3 groups of single impact at 15, 20, and 25 MPa. Each group is examined for biochemical changes using Raman microscopy, cell viability changes using confocal fluorescence microscopy, and histological changes using the modified Mankin score. For the 15-MPa impact group, the modified Mankin score (p>0.05, n=15) and cell viability test (p>0.05, n=5) reveal no significant changes when compared to the control, but polarized Raman spectroscopy detects significant biochemical changes. A significant decrease in the parallel polarized intensity of the pyranose ring band at 1126 cm(-1) suggests a possible decrease in the glycoaminoglycan content in early cartilage damage (one-way analysis of variance with a post hoc Bonferonni test, p<0.05, n=10). For impacts greater than 15 MPa, cell viability and modified Mankin score are consistent with the changes in the observed polarized Raman signals. This suggests that the polarized Raman spectroscopy technique has potential for diagnosis and detection of early cartilage damage at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sheng Jie Lim
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119074
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