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Eugui P, Merkle CW, Gesperger J, Lichtenegger A, Baumann B. Investigation of the scattering and attenuation properties of cataracts formed in mouse eyes with 1060-nm and 1310-nm swept-source optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6391-6406. [PMID: 34745744 PMCID: PMC8547986 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Here we propose optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a quantitative method for investigating cataracts. OCT provides volumetric and non-invasive access to the lens and makes it possible to rapidly observe the formation of opacifications in animal models such as mice. We compared the performance of two different wavelengths - 1060 nm and 1310 nm - for OCT imaging in cataract research. In addition, we present multi-contrast OCT capable of mapping depth-resolved scattering and average anterior cortical attenuation properties of the crystalline lens and quantitatively characterize induced cataract development in the mouse eye. Lastly, we also propose a novel method based on the retinal OCT projection image for quantifying and mapping opacifications in the lens, which showed a good correlation with scattering and attenuation characteristics simultaneously analyzed during the process of cataract formation in the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Eugui
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Conrad W. Merkle
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Eugui P, Harper DJ, Kummer S, Lichtenegger A, Gesperger J, Himmel T, Augustin M, Merkle CW, Glösmann M, Baumann B. Three-dimensional visualization of opacifications in the murine crystalline lens by in vivo optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2085-2097. [PMID: 32341868 PMCID: PMC7173898 DOI: 10.1364/boe.387335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic classification techniques used to diagnose cataracts, the world's leading cause of blindness, are currently based on subjective methods. Here, we present optical coherence tomography as a noninvasive tool for volumetric visualization of lesions formed in the crystalline lens. A custom-made swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system was utilized to investigate the murine crystalline lens. In addition to imaging cataractous lesions in aged wildtype mice, we studied the structure and shape of cataracts in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hyperscattering opacifications in the crystalline lens were observed in both groups. Post mortem histological analysis were performed to correlate findings in the anterior and posterior part of the lens to 3D OCT in vivo imaging. Our results showcase the capability of OCT to rapidly visualize cataractous lesions in the murine lens and suggest that OCT might be a valuable tool that provides additional insight for preclinical studies of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Eugui
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Danielle J. Harper
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- Core Facility for Research and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Himmel
- Core Facility for Research and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
| | - Marco Augustin
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Conrad W. Merkle
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Glösmann
- Core Facility for Research and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Grulkowski I, Manzanera S, Cwiklinski L, Mompeán J, de Castro A, Marin JM, Artal P. Volumetric macro- and micro-scale assessment of crystalline lens opacities in cataract patients using long-depth-range swept source optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3821-3833. [PMID: 30338158 PMCID: PMC6191641 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optimized optical platform for the three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of crystalline lens opacities in vivo in the eyes of patients with different types and grades of cataracts. We developed a prototype long-depth-range swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) instrument operating at the speed of 50 kA-scans/second and at the central wavelength of 1 μm to perform high-resolution imaging of the whole anterior segment of the eye. Volumetric data sets of cataractous eyes were acquired and processed to obtain contrast-enhanced high-resolution images of lenticular structures and opacifications. The results showed lens micro- and macro-scale features related to possible cataract development such as cortical spokes, water clefts and enhanced scattering in the lens nucleus. The results demonstrate also the ability of this SS-OCT imaging to locate and characterize opacities quantitatively. The instrument might be a useful tool in the high-resolution preoperative evaluation of crystalline lens opacities in cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Grulkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Silvestre Manzanera
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lukasz Cwiklinski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan Mompeán
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto de Castro
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Marin
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Allen CH, Kumar A, Qutob S, Nyiri B, Chauhan V, Murugkar S. Raman micro-spectroscopy analysis of human lens epithelial cells exposed to a low-dose-range of ionizing radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:025002. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ainsbury EA, Barnard S, Bright S, Dalke C, Jarrin M, Kunze S, Tanner R, Dynlacht JR, Quinlan RA, Graw J, Kadhim M, Hamada N. Ionizing radiation induced cataracts: Recent biological and mechanistic developments and perspectives for future research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:238-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Strauss RW, Krieglstein TR, Priglinger SG, Reis W, Ulbig MW, Kampik A, Neubauer AS. Image quality characteristics of a novel colour scanning digital ophthalmoscope (SDO) compared with fundus photography. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 27:611-8. [PMID: 17956367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a set of quality parameters for grading image quality and apply those to evaluate the fundus image quality obtained by a new scanning digital ophthalmoscope (SDO) compared with standard slide photography. METHODS On visual analogue scales a total of eight image characteristics were defined: overall quality, contrast, colour brilliance, focus (sharpness), resolution and details, noise, artefacts and validity of clinical assessment. Grading was repeated after 4 months to assess repeatability. Fundus images of 23 patients imaged digitally by SDO and by Zeiss 450FF fundus camera using Kodak film were graded side-by-side by three graders. Lens opacity was quantified with the Interzeag Lens Opacity Meter 701. RESULTS For all of the eight scales of image quality, good repeatability within the graders (mean Kendall's W 0.69) was obtained after 4 months. Inter-grader agreement ranged between 0.31 and 0.66. Despite the SDO's limited nominal image resolution of 720 x 576 pixels, the Zeiss FF 450 camera performed better in only two of the subscales - noise (p = 0.001) and artefacts (p = 0.01). Lens opacities significantly influenced only the two subscales 'resolution' and 'details', which deteriorated with increasing media opacities for both imaging systems. CONCLUSIONS Distinct scales to grade image characteristics of different origin were developed and validated. Overall SDO digital imaging was found to provide fundus pictures of a similarly high level of quality as expert photography on slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert W Strauss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Neubauer AS, Kernt M, Haritoglou C, Priglinger SG, Kampik A, Ulbig MW. Nonmydriatic screening for diabetic retinopathy by ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Optomap). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 246:229-35. [PMID: 17622548 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-007-0631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic properties of a nonmydriatic 200 degrees ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) versus onsite mydriatic ophthalmologic examination for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS A consecutive series of 51 eyes of 51 patients with different levels of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was examined. Grading of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema obtained on stereoscopic dilated funduscopy by a retina specialist was compared against grading obtained from Optomap Panoramic200 SLO images. All SLOs were performed with an undilated pupil, and no additional clinical information was used for evaluation of the Optomap images by three independent, masked expert graders. RESULTS A total of five images (9.8%) were not gradable due to insufficient quality. Clinically 4 eyes had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), while 9 had none, 5 mild, 19 moderate and 14 severe nonproliferative diseases (NPDR). Of the gradable 46 images, a clinically significant macular edema (CSME) was present in 28 eyes clinically. On Optomap, all eyes with PDR were detected as being proliferative, and a sensitivity of 94% at a specificity of 100% was obtained for all graders to detect more than mild DR. Agreement between Optomap retinopathy grading and clinical assessment was good with unweighted kappas of 0.68, 0.68 and 0.51. Assessment of CSME yielded sensitivities of 93, 93 and 89% at specificities of 89, 72 and 83%. CONCLUSIONS The Optomap Panoramic200 nonmydriatic images are of sufficient quality to assess DR and CSME validly and therefore fulfill the basic requirements for telescreening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha S Neubauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Mathildenstr 8, Munich, Germany.
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Antunes A, Safatle AMV, Barros PSM, Morelhão SL. X-ray imaging in advanced studies of ophthalmic diseases. Med Phys 2006; 33:2338-43. [PMID: 16898435 DOI: 10.1118/1.2207135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic characterization of pathological tissues has one major intrinsic limitation, the small sampling areas with respect to the extension of the tissues. Mapping possible changes on vast tissues and correlating them with large ensembles of clinical cases is not a feasible procedure for studying most diseases, as for instance vision loss related diseases and, in particular, the cataract. Although intraocular lens implants are successful treatments, cataract still is a leading public-health issue that grows in importance as the population increases and life expectancy is extended worldwide. In this work we have exploited the radiation-tissue interaction properties of hard x-rays--very low absorption and scattering--to map distinct lesions on entire eye lenses. At the used synchrotron x-ray photon energy of 20 keV (wavelength lambda=0.062 nm), scattering and refraction are angular resolved effects. It allows the employed x-ray image technique to efficiently characterize two types of lesions in eye lenses under cataractogenesis: distributions of tiny scattering centers and extended areas of fiber cell compaction. The data collection procedure is relatively fast; allowing dozens of samples to be totally imaged (scattering, refraction, and mass absorption images) in a single day of synchrotron beam time. More than 60 cases of canine cataract, not correlated to specific causes, were investigated in this first application of x-rays to image entire lenses. Cortical opacity cases, or partial opacity, could be related to the presence of calcificated tissues at the cortical areas, clearly visible in the images, whose elemental contents were verified by micro x-ray fluorescence as very rich in calcium. Calcificated tissues were also observed at nuclear areas in some cases of hypermature cataract. Total opacity cases without distinguishable amount of scattering centers consist in 70% of the analyzed cases, where remarkable fissure marks owing to extended areas of fiber cell compaction are diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antunes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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