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Gu Z, Zhao D, He H, Wang Z. SERS-Based Microneedle Biosensor for In Situ and Sensitive Detection of Tyrosinase. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38667195 PMCID: PMC11047863 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) emerges as a key enzyme that exerts a regulatory influence on the synthesis of melanin, thereby assuming the role of a critical biomarker for the detection of melanoma. Detecting the authentic concentration of TYR in the skin remains a primary challenge. Distinguished from ex vivo detection methods, this study introduces a novel sensor platform that integrates a microneedle (MN) biosensor with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology for the in situ detection of TYR in human skin. The platform utilized dopamine (DA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the capturing substrate and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA)-modified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) acting as the SERS probe. Here, the Au NPs were functionalized with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) for DA capture. In the presence of TYR, DA immobilized on the MN is preferentially oxidized to dopamine quinone (DQ), a process that results in a decreased density of SERS probes on the platform. TYR concentration was detected through variations in the signal intensity emitted by the phenylboronic acid. The detection system was able to evaluate TYR concentrations within a linear range of 0.05 U/mL to 200 U/mL and showed robust anti-interference capabilities. The proposed platform, integrating MN-based in situ sensing, SERS technology, and TYR responsiveness, holds significant importance for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Gu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.G.); (D.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.G.); (D.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.G.); (D.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.G.); (D.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Lei Y. Microneedle-based glucose monitoring: a review from sampling methods to wearable biosensors. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5727-5757. [PMID: 37431216 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood glucose (BG) monitoring is critical for diabetes management. In recent years, microneedle (MN)-based technology has attracted emerging attention in glucose sensing and detection. In this review, we summarized MN-based sampling for glucose collection and glucose analysis in detail. First, different principles of MN-based biofluid extraction were elaborated, including external negative pressure, capillary force, swelling force and iontophoresis, which would guide the shape design and material optimization of MNs. Second, MNs coupled with different analysis approaches, including Raman methods, colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemical sensing, were emphasized to exhibit the trend towards highly integrated wearable sensors. Finally, the future development prospects of MN-based devices were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering & The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - You Wu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering & The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yifeng Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering & The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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3
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Surface potential modulation as a tool for mitigating challenges in SERS-based microneedle sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15929. [PMID: 36151248 PMCID: PMC9508330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopic-based biosensing strategies are often complicated by low signal and the presence of multiple chemical species. While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanostructured platforms are able to deliver high quality signals by focusing the electromagnetic field into a tight plasmonic hot-spot, it is not a generally applicable strategy as it often depends on the specific adsorption of the analyte of interest onto the SERS platform. This paper describes a strategy to address this challenge by using surface potential as a physical binding agent in the context of microneedle sensors. We show that the potential-dependent adsorption of different chemical species allows scrutinization of the contributions of different chemical species to the final spectrum, and that the ability to cyclically adsorb and desorb molecules from the surface enables efficient application of multivariate analysis methods. We demonstrate how the strategy can be used to mitigate potentially confounding phenomena, such as surface reactions, competitive adsorption and the presence of molecules with similar structures. In addition, this decomposition helps evaluate criteria to maximize the signal of one molecule with respect to others, offering new opportunities to enhance the measurement of analytes in the presence of interferants.
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Ju J, Li L, Regmi S, Zhang X, Tang S. Microneedle-Based Glucose Sensor Platform: From Vitro to Wearable Point-of-Care Testing Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080606. [PMID: 36005002 PMCID: PMC9405967 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant advanced have recently been made in exploiting microneedle-based (MN-based) diabetes devices for minimally invasive wearable biosensors and for continuous glucose monitoring. Within this emerging class of skin-worn MN-based sensors, the ISF can be utilized as a rich biomarker source to diagnose diabetes. While initial work of MN devices focused on ISF extraction, the recent research trend has been oriented toward developing in vivo glucose sensors coupled with optical or electrochemical (EC) instrumentation. This outlook highlights the essential characteristics of the sensing mechanisms, rational design, sensing properties, and applications. Finally, we describe the opinions about the challenge and prospects of optical and EC MN-based device platforms for the fabrication of wearable biosensors and their application potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ju
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Oujiang Lab, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Lin Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sagar Regmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.T.)
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Rajput A, Kulkarni M, Deshmukh P, Pingale P, Garkal A, Gandhi S, Butani S. A Key Role by Polymers in Microneedle Technology: A New Era. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1713-1732. [PMID: 35332822 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2058531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin serves as the major organ in the targeted transdermal drug delivery system for many compounds. The microneedle acts as a novel technique to deliver drugs across the different layers of the skin, including the major barrier stratum corneum, in an effective manner. A microneedle array patch comprises dozens to hundreds of micron-sized needles with numerous structures and advantages resulting from their special and smart designs. Microneedle approach is much more advanced than conventional transdermal delivery pathways due to several benefits like minimally invasive, painless, self-administrable, and enhanced patient compliance. The microneedles are classified into hollow, solid, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel. Several polymers are used to fabricate microneedle, such as natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic, biodegradable, and swellable polymers. Researchers in the preparation of microneedles also explored the combinations of polymers. The safety of the polymer used in microneedle is a crucial aspect to prevent toxicity in vivo. Thus, this review aims to provide a detailed review of microneedles and mainly focus on the various polymers used in the fabrication of microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhur Kulkarni
- SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, New Pune Mumbai Highway, Tathwade-411033, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Buldana- 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik-422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sahil Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital Butani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
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6
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Lawal I, Rohilla P, Marston J. Visualization of drug delivery via tattooing: effect of needle reciprocating frequency and fluid properties. J Vis (Tokyo) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-021-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Ju J, Hsieh CM, Tian Y, Kang J, Chia R, Chang H, Bai Y, Xu C, Wang X, Liu Q. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Biosensor with a Microneedle Array for Minimally Invasive In Vivo Glucose Measurements. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1777-1785. [PMID: 32426978 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To monitor blood glucose levels reliably, diabetic patients usually have to undergo frequent fingerstick tests to draw out fresh blood, which is painful and inconvenient with the potential risk of cross contamination especially when the lancet is reused or not properly sterilized. This work reports a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor for the in situ intradermal detection of glucose based on a low-cost poly(methyl methacrylate) microneedle (PMMA MN) array. After incorporating 1-decanethiol (1-DT) onto the silver-coated array surface, the sensor was calibrated in the range of 0-20 mM in skin phantoms then tested for the in vivo quantification of glucose in a mouse model of streptozocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes. The results showed that the functional poly(methyl methacrylate) microneedle (F-PMMA MN) array was able to directly measure glucose in the interstitial fluid (ISF) in a few minutes and retain its structural integrity without swelling. The Clarke error grid analysis of measured data indicated that 93% of the data points lie in zones A and B. Moreover, the MN array exhibited minimal invasiveness to the skin as the skin recovered well without any noticeable adverse reaction in 10 min after measurements. With further improvement and proper validation, this polymeric MN array-based SERS biosensor has the potential to be used in painless glucose monitoring of diabetic patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ju
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United State
| | - Chao-Mao Hsieh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Apple South Asia Pte Ltd., 7 Ang Mo Kio Street 64, Singapore 569086, Singapore
| | - Jian Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Ruining Chia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Hao Chang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yanru Bai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
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8
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Park JE, Yonet-Tanyeri N, Vander Ende E, Henry AI, Perez White BE, Mrksich M, Van Duyne RP. Plasmonic Microneedle Arrays for in Situ Sensing with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6862-6868. [PMID: 31545611 PMCID: PMC7398609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive, chemically specific, and short-time response probing method with significant potential in biomedical sensing. This paper reports the integration of SERS with microneedle arrays as a minimally invasive platform for chemical sensing, with a particular view toward sensing in interstitial fluid (ISF). Microneedle arrays were fabricated from a commercial polymeric adhesive and coated with plasmonically active gold nanorods that were functionalized with the pH-sensitive molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. This sensor can quantitate pH over a range of 5 to 9 and can detect pH levels in an agar gel skin phantom and in human skin in situ. The sensor array is stable and mechanically robust in that it exhibits no loss in SERS activity after multiple punches through an agar gel skin phantom and human skin or after a month-long incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. This work is the first to integrate SERS-active nanoparticles with polymeric microneedle arrays and to demonstrate in situ sensing with this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emma Vander Ende
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anne-Isabelle Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bethany E. Perez White
- Skin Tissue Engineering Core and Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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Sharma S, Hatware K, Bhadane P, Sindhikar S, Mishra DK. Recent advances in microneedle composites for biomedical applications: Advanced drug delivery technologies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109717. [PMID: 31349403 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, microneedles based drug delivery is drawing attention worldwide in the research due to current signs of progress in the controlled release drug delivery through microneedles. The microneedles represent a promising technology to deliver therapeutic compounds into the skin for chronic complications like osteoporosis, diabetes, cancer and induction of immune responses from protein and DNA vaccines. However, the delivery of hydrophilic drugs and macromolecular agents are challenging. In this write up authors included the meticulous illustration of the chronological development of fabrication of microneedles with respect to an assortment of techniques, their modifications, clinical trials and regulatory perspectives period of 2000-2019. This review summarizes characterization, fabrications, biological applications and challenges. Additionally, relevant patents based on microneedle from USPTO) database are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sharma
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ketan Hatware
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Bhadane
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sainath Sindhikar
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh K Mishra
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
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10
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Babity S, Roohnikan M, Brambilla D. Advances in the Design of Transdermal Microneedles for Diagnostic and Monitoring Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803186. [PMID: 30353663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic advantages over classical hypodermic needles, microneedles have received much attention over the last two decades and will likely soon appear in clinics. Although the vast majority of research is focused on designing microneedles for the painless delivery of drugs, their applications for diagnostic purposes have also provided promising results. In this paper, the main advances in the field of microneedles for diagnostic and patient monitoring purposes are introduced and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Babity
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mahdi Roohnikan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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11
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Preparation, properties and challenges of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system. J Control Release 2018; 288:173-188. [PMID: 30189223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle technology relates to pharmacy, polymer chemistry and micromachining. Microneedle can effectively deliver insulin into systemic circulation across the skin. This process does not affect the activity of insulin. Compared to subcutaneous injection, microneedles cause less pain for their special structure. This review thoroughly discusses the preparation technologies of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system including solid, hollow, dissolving, phase transition, glucose-responsive microneedle patches. In the meantime, the properties, challenges and clinical/commercial status of the microneedles-based insulin delivery system are also discussed in this review.
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12
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Tian Y, Su JW, Ju J, Liu Q. Efficiency enhancement of Raman spectroscopy at long working distance by parabolic reflector. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5243-5252. [PMID: 29188117 PMCID: PMC5695967 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is well suited for readily revealing information about bio-samples. As such, this technique has been applied to a wide range of areas, particularly in bio-medical diagnostics. Raman scattering in bio-samples typically has a low signal level due to the nature of inelastic scattering of photons. To achieve a high signal level, usually a high numerical aperture objective is employed. One drawback with these objectives is that their working distance is very short. However, in many cases of clinical diagnostics, a long working distance is preferable. We propose a practical solution to this problem by enhancing the Raman signal using a parabolic reflector. The high signal level is achieved through the large light collection solid angle of the parabolic reflector while the long working distance is ensured by the novel design of our microscope. The enhancement capability of the microscope was demonstrated on four types of samples. Among these samples, we find that this microscope design is most suitable for turbid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr. 637459,
Singapore
| | - Joshua Weiming Su
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr. 637459,
Singapore
| | - Jian Ju
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr. 637459,
Singapore
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr. 637459,
Singapore
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13
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Sustained and Cost Effective Silver Substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Biosensing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6917. [PMID: 28761047 PMCID: PMC5537298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based biosensing has demonstrated great potential for point-of-care diagnostics in the laboratory, its application in the field is limited by the short life time of commonly used silver based SERS active substrates. In this work, we report our attempt towards SERS based field biosensing, involving the development of a novel sustained and cost-effective substrate composed of silver nanoparticles protected by small nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots, i.e. Ag NP@N-GQD, and its systematic evaluation for glucose sensing. The new substrate demonstrated significantly stronger Raman enhancement compared to pure silver nanoparticles. More importantly, the new substrate preserved SERS performance in a normal indoor environment for at least 30 days in both the wet and dry states, in contrast to only 10 days for pure silver nanoparticles. The Ag NP@N-GQD thin film in the dry state was then successfully applied as a SERS substrate for glucose detection in mouse blood samples. The new substrate was synthesized under mild experimental conditions, and the cost increase due to N-GQD was negligible. These results suggest that the Ag NP@N-GQD is a cost-effective and sustained SERS substrate, the development of which represents an important step towards SERS based field biosensing.
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Rejinold NS, Shin JH, Seok HY, Kim YC. Biomedical applications of microneedles in therapeutics: recent advancements and implications in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:109-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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