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Tang Y, Anandasabapathy S, Richards‐Kortum R. Advances in optical gastrointestinal endoscopy: a technical review. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2580-2599. [PMID: 32915503 PMCID: PMC8486567 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Most GI neoplasms arise from precancerous lesions; thus, technical innovations to improve detection and diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers play a pivotal role in improving outcomes. Over the last few decades, the field of GI endoscopy has witnessed enormous and focused efforts to develop and translate accurate, user-friendly, and minimally invasive optical imaging modalities. From a technical point of view, a wide range of novel optical techniques is now available to probe different aspects of light-tissue interaction at macroscopic and microscopic scales, complementing white light endoscopy. Most of these new modalities have been successfully validated and translated to routine clinical practice. Herein, we provide a technical review of the current status of existing and promising new optical endoscopic imaging technologies for GI cancer screening and surveillance. We summarize the underlying principles of light-tissue interaction, the imaging performance at different scales, and highlight what is known about clinical applicability and effectiveness. Furthermore, we discuss recent discovery and translation of novel molecular probes that have shown promise to augment endoscopists' ability to diagnose GI lesions with high specificity. We also review and discuss the role and potential clinical integration of artificial intelligence-based algorithms to provide decision support in real time. Finally, we provide perspectives on future technology development and its potential to transform endoscopic GI cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Tang
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA
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Pudakalakatti S, Enriquez JS, McCowan C, Ramezani S, Davis JS, Zacharias NM, Bourgeois D, Constantinou PE, Harrington DA, Carson D, Farach-Carson MC, Bhattacharya PK. Hyperpolarized MRI with silicon micro and nanoparticles: Principles and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1722. [PMID: 33982426 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-based micro and nanoparticles are ideally suited for use as biomedical imaging agents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple surface chemistry that facilitates drug loading and targeting. A method to hyperpolarize silicon particles using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which increases magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signals by several orders-of-magnitude through enhanced nuclear spin alignment, was developed to allow silicon particles to function as contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we describe the application of the DNP technique to silicon particles and nanoparticles for background-free real-time molecular MR imaging. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-science in silicon particle hyperpolarization with a detailed protocol for hyperpolarizing silicon particles. This information will foster awareness and spur interest in this emerging area of nanoimaging and provide a path to new developments and discoveries to further advance the field. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - José S Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caitlin McCowan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saleh Ramezani
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dontrey Bourgeois
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela E Constantinou
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hunt B, Coole J, Brenes D, Kortum A, Mitbander R, Vohra I, Carns J, Schwarz R, Richards-Kortum R. High frame rate video mosaicking microendoscope to image large regions of intact tissue with subcellular resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2800-2812. [PMID: 34123505 PMCID: PMC8176790 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) is a low-cost strategy to acquire images of intact tissue with subcellular resolution at frame rates ranging from 11 to 18 fps. Current HRME imaging strategies are limited by the small microendoscope field of view (∼0.5 mm2); multiple images must be acquired and reliably registered to assess large regions of clinical interest. Image mosaics have been assembled from co-registered frames of video acquired as a microendoscope is slowly moved across the tissue surface, but the slow frame rate of previous HRME systems made this approach impractical for acquiring quality mosaicked images from large regions of interest. Here, we present a novel video mosaicking microendoscope incorporating a high frame rate CMOS sensor and optical probe holder to enable high-speed, high quality interrogation of large tissue regions of interest. Microendoscopy videos acquired at >90 fps are assembled into an image mosaic. We assessed registration accuracy and image sharpness across the mosaic for images acquired with a handheld probe over a range of translational speeds. This high frame rate video mosaicking microendoscope enables in vivo probe translation at >15 millimeters per second while preserving high image quality and accurate mosaicking, increasing the size of the region of interest that can be interrogated at high resolution from 0.5 mm2 to >30 mm2. Real-time deployment of this high-frame rate system is demonstrated in vivo and source code made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Hunt
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Jackson Coole
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - David Brenes
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Alex Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Ruchika Mitbander
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Imran Vohra
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Jennifer Carns
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Richard Schwarz
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77025, USA
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Paulson B, Lee S, Jue M, Lee K, Lee S, Kim GB, Moon Y, Lee JY, Kim N, Kim JK. Stereotaxic endoscopy for the ocular imaging of awake, freely moving animal models. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960188. [PMID: 32017450 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stereotaxic instruments are increasingly used in research animals for the study of disease, but typically require restraints and anesthetic procedures. A stereotaxic head mount that enables imaging of the anterior chamber of the eye in alert and freely mobile mice is presented in this study. The head mount is fitted based on computed tomography scans and manufactured using 3D printing. The system is placed noninvasively using temporal mount bars and a snout mount, without breaking the skin or risking suffocation, while an instrument channel stabilizes the ocular probes. With a flexible micro-endoscopic probe and a confocal scanning laser microscopy system, <20 μm resolution is achieved in vivo with a field of view of nearly 1 mm. Discomfort is minimal, and further adaptations for minimally invasive neuroscience, optogenetics and auditory studies are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Paulson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miyeon Jue
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungsung Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Youngjin Moon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
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Tang Y, Kortum A, Vohra I, Carns J, Anandasabapathy S, Richards-Kortum R. Simple differential digital confocal aperture to improve axial response of line-scanning confocal microendoscopes. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4519-4522. [PMID: 31517920 PMCID: PMC6959477 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Line-scanning confocal microendoscopy offers video-rate cellular imaging of scattering tissue with relatively simple hardware, but its axial response is inferior to that of point-scanning systems. Based on Fourier optics theory, we designed differential confocal apertures with a simple subtraction technique to improve the line-scanning sectioning performance. Taking advantage of digital slit apertures on a digital light projector and a CMOS rolling shutter, we demonstrate real-time optical sectioning performance comparable to point scanning in a dual-camera microendoscope (<$6,000). We validate the background rejection capability when imaging porcine columnar epithelium stained with fluorescent contrast agents with different uptake mechanisms and staining properties.
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