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Kwan AC, Pourmorteza A, Stutman D, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Next-Generation Hardware Advances in CT: Cardiac Applications. Radiology 2020; 298:3-17. [PMID: 33201793 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impending major hardware advances in cardiac CT include three areas: ultra-high-resolution (UHR) CT, photon-counting CT, and phase-contrast CT. Cardiac CT is a particularly demanding CT application that requires a high degree of temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and soft-tissue contrast in a moving structure. In this review, cardiac CT is used to highlight the strengths of these technical advances. UHR CT improves visualization of calcified and stented vessels but may result in increased noise and radiation exposure. Photon-counting CT uses multiple photon energies to reduce artifacts, improve contrast resolution, and perform material decomposition. Finally, phase-contrast CT uses x-ray refraction properties to improve spatial and soft-tissue contrast. This review describes these hardware advances in CT and their relevance to cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Kwan
- From the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750 (A.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.S.); Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md (J.A.C.L.)
| | - Amir Pourmorteza
- From the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750 (A.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.S.); Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md (J.A.C.L.)
| | - Dan Stutman
- From the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750 (A.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.S.); Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md (J.A.C.L.)
| | - David A Bluemke
- From the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750 (A.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.S.); Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md (J.A.C.L.)
| | - João A C Lima
- From the Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, AHSP, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750 (A.C.K.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology-Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.P.); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (D.S.); Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania (D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md (J.A.C.L.)
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