1
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Wu L, Sun W, Huang L, Sun L, Dou J, Lu G. Calcium Imaging in Vivo: How to Correctly Select and Apply Fiber Optic Photometric Indicators. Organogenesis 2025; 21:2489667. [PMID: 40186873 PMCID: PMC11980459 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2025.2489667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Fiber-photometric is a novel optogenetic method for recording neural activity in vivo, which allows the use of calcium indicators to observe and study the relationship between neural activity and behavior in free-ranging animals. Calcium indicators also convert changes in calcium concentration in cells or tissues into recordable fluorescent signals, which can then be observed using the system of fiber-photometric. To date, there is a paucity of relevant literature on the proper selection and application of fiber-photometric indicators. Therefore, this paper will detail how to correctly select and apply fiber-photometer indicators in four sections: the basic principle of optical fiber photometry, the selection of calcium fluorescent probes and viral vector systems, and the measurement of specific expression of fluorescent proteins in specific tissues. Therefore, the correct use of suitable fiber optic recording indicators will greatly assist researchers in exploring the link between neuronal activity and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxia Wu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Linjie Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhua Dou
- Mental Health Education Center, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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2
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Liang M, Jian T, Tao J, Wang X, Wang R, Jin W, Chen Q, Yao J, Zhao Z, Yang X, Xiao J, Yang Z, Liao X, Chen X, Wang L, Qin H. Hypothalamic supramammillary neurons that project to the medial septum modulate wakefulness in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1255. [PMID: 38087004 PMCID: PMC10716381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) plays a crucial role in controlling wakefulness, but the downstream target regions participating in this control process remain unknown. Here, using circuit-specific fiber photometry and single-neuron electrophysiology together with electroencephalogram, electromyogram and behavioral recordings, we find that approximately half of SuM neurons that project to the medial septum (MS) are wake-active. Optogenetic stimulation of axonal terminals of SuM-MS projection induces a rapid and reliable transition to wakefulness from non-rapid-eye movement or rapid-eye movement sleep, and chemogenetic activation of SuMMS projecting neurons significantly increases wakefulness time and prolongs latency to sleep. Consistently, chemogenetically inhibiting these neurons significantly reduces wakefulness time and latency to sleep. Therefore, these results identify the MS as a functional downstream target of SuM and provide evidence for the modulation of wakefulness by this hypothalamic-septal projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
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3
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Yang X, Chen Q, Jian T, Du H, Jin W, Liang M, Wang R, Chen X, Liao X, Qin H. Optrode recording of an entorhinal-cortical circuit in freely moving mice. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1911-1922. [PMID: 37206131 PMCID: PMC10191667 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The deep layers of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are considered a crucial station for spatial cognition and memory. The deep sublayer Va of MEC (MECVa) serves as the output stage of the entorhinal-hippocampal system and sends extensive projections to brain cortical areas. However, the functional heterogeneity of these efferent neurons in MECVa is poorly understood, due to the difficulty of performing single-neuron activity recording from the narrow band of cell population while the animals are behaving. In the current study, we combined multi-electrode electrophysiological recording and optical stimulation to record cortical-projecting MECVa neurons at single-neuron resolution in freely moving mice. First, injection of a viral Cre-LoxP system was used to express channelrhodopsin-2 specifically in MECVa neurons that project to the medial part of the secondary visual cortex (V2M-projecting MECVa neurons). Then, a lightweight, self-made optrode was implanted into MECVa to identify the V2M-projecting MECVa neurons and to enable single-neuron activity recordings in mice performing the open field test and 8-arm radial maze. Our results demonstrate that optrode approach is an accessible and reliable method for single-neuron recording of V2M-projecting MECVa neurons in freely moving mice, paving the way for future circuit studies designed to characterize the activity of MECVa neurons during specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Haoran Du
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengru Liang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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4
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Formozov A, Dieter A, Wiegert JS. A flexible and versatile system for multi-color fiber photometry and optogenetic manipulation. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100418. [PMID: 37056369 PMCID: PMC10088095 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present simultaneous fiber photometry recordings and optogenetic stimulation based on a multimode fused fiber coupler for both light delivery and collection without the need for dichroic beam splitters. In combination with a multi-color light source and appropriate optical filters, our approach offers remarkable flexibility in experimental design and facilitates the exploration of new molecular tools in vivo at minimal cost. We demonstrate straightforward re-configuration of the setup to operate with green, red, and near-infrared calcium indicators with or without simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and further explore the multi-color photometry capabilities of the system. The ease of assembly, operation, characterization, and customization of this platform holds the potential to foster the development of experimental strategies for multi-color fused fiber photometry combined with optogenetics far beyond its current state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Formozov
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Dieter
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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5
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HUANG W, QIN J, ZHANG C, QIN H, XIE P. Footshock-induced activation of the claustrum-entorhinal cortical pathway in freely moving mice. Physiol Res 2022; 71:695-701. [PMID: 36047724 PMCID: PMC9841810 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Footshock is frequently used as an unconditioned stimulus in fear conditioning behavior studies. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) contributes to fear learning and receives neuronal inputs from the claustrum. However, whether footshocks can induce a neuronal response in claustrum-MEC (CLA-MEC) projection remains unknown. Here, we combined fiber-based Ca2+ recordings with a retrograde AAV labeling method to investigate neuronal responses of MEC-projecting claustral neurons to footshock stimulation in freely moving mice. We achieved successful Ca2+ recordings in both anesthetized and freely exploring mice. We found that footshock stimulation reliably induced neuronal responses to MEC-projecting claustral neurons. Therefore, the footshock-induced response detected in the CLA-MEC projection suggests its potential role in fear processin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang HUANG
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing QIN
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunqing ZHANG
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han QIN
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng XIE
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Qin J, Huang WS, DU HR, Zhang CQ, Xie P, Qin H. Ca 2+-based neural activity recording for rapidly screening behavioral correlates of the claustrum in freely behaving mice. Biomed Res 2022; 43:81-89. [PMID: 35718448 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The claustrum has been hypothesized to participate in high-order brain functions, but experimental studies to demonstrate these functions are currently lacking. Neural activity recording of the claustrum in freely-behaving animals allows for correlating claustral activities with specific behaviors. However, previously utilized methods for studying the claustrum make it difficult to monitor neural activity patterns of freely-behaving animals in real time. Here we applied fiber photometry to monitor Ca2+ activity in the claustrum of freely-behaving mice. Using this method, we were able to achieve Ca2+ activity recording in both anesthetized and freely-behaving mice. We found that the dynamics of Ca2+ activity depended on anesthesia levels. As compared to the use of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators that requires a few weeks of virus-dependent expression, we used a synthetic fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye, Oregon green 488 BAPTA-1, that allows for rapidly screening neural activity of interest within a few hours that relates to certain behaviors. In this way, we found the correlation between Ca2+ activity and specific behaviors, such as approaching an object. Our work offers an effective method for recording neural activity in the claustrum and thus for rapidly screening any behavioral relevance of the claustrum in freely-behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Wu-Shuang Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hao-Ran DU
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University
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7
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Viral vectors for opto-electrode recording and photometry-based imaging of oxytocin neurons in anesthetized and socially interacting rats. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101032. [PMID: 34977678 PMCID: PMC8683652 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a step-by-step protocol to target, record, and manipulate the activity of oxytocin neurons in awake rats. The protocol includes a procedure to record the activity of oxytocin neurons from awake and socially interacting rats using opto-electrodes for simultaneous electrophysiological recording and virally based cell-type-specific opto-tagging with Channelrhodopsin 2. Furthermore, we illustrate a procedure for optically guided implantation of optic fiber and imaging of oxytocin neuron population activity expressing calcium indicator GCaMP6s with the fiber photometry technique. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tang et al., 2020. A detailed protocol for targeting of oxytocin neurons with viral vectors Protocol allows recording from optogenetically tagged oxytocin neurons Monitoring oxytocin neurons activity during social interactions Imaging of oxytocin neuron population activity with fiber photometry
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8
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Entrainment of Astrocytic and Neuronal Ca 2+ Population Dynamics During Information Processing of Working Memory in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:474-488. [PMID: 34699030 PMCID: PMC9106780 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized to play an active role in learning and memory, but whether neural inputs can trigger event-specific astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics in real time to participate in working memory remains unclear due to the difficulties in directly monitoring astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics in animals performing tasks. Here, using fiber photometry, we showed that population astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics in the hippocampus were gated by sensory inputs (centered at the turning point of the T-maze) and modified by the reward delivery during the encoding and retrieval phases. Notably, there was a strong inter-locked and antagonistic relationship between the astrocytic and neuronal Ca2+ dynamics with a 3-s phase difference. Furthermore, there was a robust synchronization of astrocytic Ca2+ at the population level among the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and striatum. The inter-locked, bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons at the population level may contribute to the modulation of information processing in working memory.
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9
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Wang Y, DeMarco EM, Witzel LS, Keighron JD. A selected review of recent advances in the study of neuronal circuits using fiber photometry. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 201:173113. [PMID: 33444597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the correlation between animal behaviors and the underlying neuronal circuits, it is important to monitor and record neurotransmission in the brain of freely moving animals. With the development of fiber photometry, based on genetically encoded biosensors, and novel electrochemical biosensors, it is possible to measure some key neuronal transmission events specific to cell types or neurotransmitters of interest with high temporospatial resolution. This review discusses the recent advances and achievements of these two techniques in the study of neurotransmission in animal models and how they can be used to complement other techniques in the neuroscientist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily M DeMarco
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Sophia Witzel
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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10
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Qin H, He W, Yang C, Li J, Jian T, Liang S, Chen T, Feng H, Chen X, Liao X, Zhang K. Monitoring Astrocytic Ca 2+ Activity in Freely Behaving Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:603095. [PMID: 33343304 PMCID: PMC7744696 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.603095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring astrocytic Ca2+ activity is essential to understand the physiological and pathological roles of astrocytes in the brain. However, previous commonly used methods for studying astrocytic Ca2+ activities can be applied in only anesthetized or head-fixed animals, which significantly affects in vivo astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics. In the current study, we combined optic fiber recordings with genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) to monitor astrocytic activity in freely behaving mice. This approach enabled selective and reliable measurement of astrocytic Ca2+ activity, which was verified by the astrocyte-specific labeling of GECIs and few movement artifacts. Additionally, astrocytic Ca2+ activities induced by locomotion or footshock were stably recorded in the cortices and hippocampi of freely behaving mice. Furthermore, this method allowed for the longitudinal study of astrocytic activities over several weeks. This work provides a powerful approach to record astrocytic activity selectively, stably, and chronically in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing He
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Tukker JJ, Beed P, Schmitz D, Larkum ME, Sachdev RNS. Up and Down States and Memory Consolidation Across Somatosensory, Entorhinal, and Hippocampal Cortices. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32457582 PMCID: PMC7227438 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of a day, brain states fluctuate, from conscious awake information-acquiring states to sleep states, during which previously acquired information is further processed and stored as memories. One hypothesis is that memories are consolidated and stored during "offline" states such as sleep, a process thought to involve transfer of information from the hippocampus to other cortical areas. Up and Down states (UDS), patterns of activity that occur under anesthesia and sleep states, are likely to play a role in this process, although the nature of this role remains unclear. Here we review what is currently known about these mechanisms in three anatomically distinct but interconnected cortical areas: somatosensory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus. In doing so, we consider the role of this activity in the coordination of "replay" during sleep states, particularly during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. We conclude that understanding the generation and propagation of UDS may provide key insights into the cortico-hippocampal dialogue linking archi- and neocortical areas during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tukker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Prateep Beed
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew E Larkum
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
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